1, mild ankle sprain, cold compress should be applied to the affected area first, and after 24 hours, hot compress should be used, bandage the ankle, and raise the foot pad to relieve the symptoms.
Second, the electric shock first aid method
① Quickly cut off the power supply.
(2) When the insulation grid can't be found, the conductor can be picked or cut off.
(3) Immediately lift the person who gets an electric shock to a ventilated place, unbutton the button and belt, and give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation or send him to a nearby hospital for emergency treatment if breathing stops.
④ Local burns can be bandaged with saline or vaseline gauze.
Third, the first aid method of arterial bleeding
(1) The arteriole is bleeding, and the wound is not big. Sterile cotton can be applied to the wound, and pressure dressing can generally stop dizziness.
(2) When bleeding continues, it can raise the injured limb, slow down the blood flow and help to stop dizziness.
(3) In case of severe limb bleeding, a tourniquet can be tied at the upper end of the wound, and a towel or cloth should be put on before it is tied, and then it must be relaxed every half hour 1 time, and the total sticking time should not exceed two hours to avoid limb ischemia and necrosis. After initial treatment, they should be sent to hospital immediately.
Fourth, the first-aid methods of children's convulsions
1. When the child is found to have convulsions, it is not appropriate to panic and shake the child, which will aggravate the condition. Don't feed the soup with water, lest it be inhaled into the trachea. You should open the window, unbutton the child's coat and let him breathe freely. Wrap chopsticks in cloth and put them between the child's upper and lower teeth to avoid biting his tongue. Fatigue caused by high fever can be applied to the forehead with a towel dipped in cold water. Record the time and symptoms of convulsions in detail and send them to the hospital for treatment immediately.
Five, the first aid method of being bitten by a dog
After being bitten by a dog, use a cloth belt to tie the wound up and down 5 cm, suck out dirty blood with a breast pump, and then wash the wound with soapy water. Dogs that bite should be isolated, and once they are diagnosed with rabies virus, they should be executed immediately.
6, fracture first aid method
Methods of rescuing fracture patients;
① Hemostasis: Finger pressing, bandaging and tourniquet can be used to stop bleeding.
② Bandage: The open fracture is bandaged with sterile gauze under pressure, and the exposed end cannot be retracted.
③ Fixation: Use old clothes and other soft things to pad the splint, or use wooden sticks and other substitutes to fix the upper and lower joints of the injured limb without splint.
④ Treatment: If conditions permit, it can be sent to hospital for treatment after debridement and pain relief.
Seven, the first aid method of acute lumbar sprain
1, after a sudden lumbar sprain, if the injury is mild, the patient can lie on his back on a thick wooden bed with a cushion under his waist 1 pillow. Cold compress the wound first, and switch to hot compress after 1 ~ 2 days. If the symptoms are not relieved or the injury is serious, they should be sent to the hospital for emergency treatment.
Eight, the first aid method of spinal bone injury
Patients with spinal bone injury can move their limbs if they are clear-headed, and the movement disorder of both lower limbs is simple, suggesting that the chest or lumbar spine has been seriously injured; If the upper limbs are also disabled, the cervical spine will also be damaged. First make the patient lie flat on the ground, and the two upper limbs are straight and close together. Put the door panel next to the patient, and four movers crouch beside the patient, one holding the back and waist, one holding the shoulder blades, one holding the hips and lower limbs, and one holding the head, keeping them on the same axis as the trunk at any time. Four people at the same time, slowly rolled the patient to the door panel and lay on his back, with small pillows at the back of his waist and neck, soft pillows at both sides of his head, then fixed his head with cloth strips, and then ran to the nearest place.
Method of Chinese chives for treating metal foreign bodies by mistake.
Take a handful of leek, don't cut it, cook it in boiling water, and mix it with sesame oil, so that foreign objects such as metals swallowed by mistake can be wrapped and discharged smoothly.
X. First aid methods for hemoptysis
① Let the patient rest in bed, take a semi-recumbent position, keep quiet, and don't talk loudly or cough hard.
(2) Wrap the chest with a cold towel to prevent catching cold.
③ Take antitussive and expectorant drugs, but avoid aminophylline.
④ Take some hemostatic drugs, such as No.8 hemostatic powder, Radix Notoginseng, Rhizoma Bletillae powder, vitamin K, etc. ..
⑤ Send to hospital for treatment as soon as possible.
Eleven, cat bite first aid methods
After being bitten by a cat, the upper end of the wound should be tied tightly with a tourniquet, washed with normal saline or cold boiled water, and then corroded locally with 5% carbolic acid.
Twelve, gas poisoning first aid methods
When you realize your gas poisoning, you should open the doors and windows as soon as possible and leave the scene quickly. If you are weak, you should lie on the ground, climb to the door or window, and open the door and window to call for help. If gas poisoning is found in others, you should immediately open the doors and windows and carry the patient away from the scene. If the poisoned person's breathing and heartbeat are irregular or stop, he should immediately carry out external heart massage and mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration, and be sent to the hospital for rescue.
Thirteen, drowning first aid methods
(1) The rescuer squatted down, so that the rescued drowning person lay face down on the rescuer's leg, and quickly pressed his back to make him spit out the water in the abdominal cavity, remove the foreign bodies in his mouth and nose, and untie his clothes, trousers and bra. Then do mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, and do mouth-to-mouth resuscitation for the drowning person who gritted his teeth. Pay attention to artificial respiration and persevere. Don't stop for a few minutes. This is a common mistake.
(2) Patients with cardiac arrest should be given external cardiac massage immediately.
3, pinch people, use acupuncture for ten announcements.
4, active rescue at the same time should be sent to the hospital as soon as possible.
14, first aid methods of pesticide poisoning
After taking pesticide 10 ~ 30 minutes by mistake, symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, vomiting, salivation, sweating, unstable standing, pale face, incontinence and so on will generally appear. Before being sent to the hospital for emergency treatment, you can stimulate his throat with chopsticks, feathers or fingers to make him spit out pesticides. After vomiting, they can take egg white, milk or concentrated milk powder to protect the gastric mucosa, reduce the stimulation of pesticides on the gastric wall and delay the absorption of poisons.
15, the first aid method of arsenic poisoning
① Gastric lavage in time: Let the patient drink water with warm water or 1% sodium bicarbonate solution, each time with 1 cup, about 200ml, and then stimulate the throat with fingers to induce vomiting, repeatedly.
② Timely rescue: after gastric lavage, send to hospital for rescue.
③ When the hospital is far away, dimercaprol or sodium dimercaptopropionate can be given first.
4. When the conditions around you are poor, grind mung beans into powder and add water to the patients.
Sixteen, artificial respiration method
For patients whose breathing stops suddenly and their heartbeat still exists, artificial respiration can be performed. Quickly move the patient to a well-ventilated place, pay attention to keep warm, untie the collar button, belt and bra of the patient's clothes, raise the back or waist, lean back slightly, remove dentures, mud and other things that hinder breathing in the mouth, and put a towel between the upper and lower teeth to make the mouth slightly open. The surgeon holds the patient's chin with one hand and the patient's nose with the other. After inhaling deeply, he blew hard into the patient's mouth and then relaxed the patient's nose. This is repeated 16 ~ 20 times per minute until breathing is restored.
Seventeen, the snake into the human body first aid method.
If a small poisonous snake burrows into the human body through the nose, mouth and anus, the following methods can be used for first aid:
(1) Cut off the sow's tail, let the tail blood drip into the hole, and the snake quits.
(2) Fill the small eyes of the snake tail with pepper powder, and the snake can also quit.
It can also be effective to stab the snake's tail with hard grass.
Eighteen, snake bite first aid methods
Let the patient lie down, lower the bitten part, tie it with a rope or handkerchief 2 ~ 10 cm above the wound, relax every 15 minutes, disinfect the small blade with matches, cut a cross-shaped incision on each snake tooth print, suck out the venom from the wound with your mouth, and send it to the hospital as soon as possible.
Nineteen, food poisoning first aid methods
Food poisoning can be rescued in the following ways.
① Detoxification: Take 1 tablespoon of salt and take it with soup, stimulate the throat with chopsticks and induce vomiting repeatedly.
2 adsorption detoxification: when diarrhea is poisoned, you can eat a proper amount of burnt steamed bread.
③ Neutralization and detoxification: oral administration of egg white and milk. For alkaline poisons, vinegar and orange juice can be taken orally. For metal or plant alkalosis, you can take strong tea immediately.
④ Special detoxification: olive detoxifies alcohol, olive juice detoxifies puffer fish, raw eggplant detoxifies bacterial food poisoning, and pepper detoxifies poisoning caused by fish, crabs and mushrooms.
Twenty, the first aid method of acid-base eye injury
If acid and alkali accidentally spill into eyes, handle it as soon as possible:
(1) Wash eyes repeatedly with clean water within 2 minutes, and wash eyes with 2% sodium bicarbonate solution conditionally to prevent acid injury; Eye damage caused by alkali should be washed with 1% acetic acid or 4% boric acid solution.
② Cold compress should be applied on the day of eye injury, and hot compress can be applied on the third day.
③ In case of severe pain, you can drop 0.5% tetracaine hydrochloride eye drops.
④ Oral antibiotics to prevent infection.
⑤ Take a lot of vitamins A, B, C and D orally to promote the recovery of affected eyes.
Twenty-one, head trauma first aid methods
Head trauma, no wound but subcutaneous hematoma, can be bandaged to stop bleeding and dizziness, and the head is partially sunken, which indicates that there is skull fracture, so we can only cover it lightly with gauze, and never bandage it with pressure to prevent brain tissue damage.
Twenty-two, dislocation first aid methods
① Dislocation of elbow joint: The elbow joint can be bent at a right angle, and the forearm and elbow can be held up with a triangular towel and hung on the neck.
② Dislocation of shoulder joint: You can use a triangle towel to lift the forearm and hang it around your neck, then wrap a broadband arm around your chest and tie a knot on the opposite chest to fix the upper part of the dislocated joint.
③ Hip dislocation: Take the patient to the hospital on a stretcher.
Twenty-three, the first aid method of heart attack
① Try to reduce the mental burden and anxiety of patients.
② Put nitroglycerin or isosorbide dinitrate under the patient's tongue immediately.
③ Let the patient sit in a semi-seated position and take orally 1 ~ 2 Shexiang Baoxin Pills.
(4) When the patient feels that his heartbeat is gradually slowing down or even stopping, he should cough continuously, coughing every 3 seconds 1 time, and his heartbeat can be restored.
⑤ In case of cardiac arrest, the following methods can be used for first aid: (1) Tapping the precordial area: the performer covers the precordial area with the palm of his left hand, clenches his fist with his right hand, and slams the back of his left hand continuously. Cardiac arrest is effective within 1.5 minutes. (2) Extrathoracic heart massage: The patient lies on his back with his head slightly lower and his feet slightly higher. The performer puts the left palm on the lower third of the patient's sternum, above the xiphoid process, and presses the right palm on the back of the left hand. His arm is perpendicular to the patient's sternum, and he presses hard to make the sternum sink 2-3 cm. Then he relaxed and continued to operate, 60-70 times per minute. If breathing stops, artificial respiration and tapping outside the heart should be performed alternately until the patient is sent to the hospital.
Twenty-four, the first aid method of sudden death
In case of sudden death during sexual intercourse, the other party should adopt the following methods for first aid: let the patient lie on his back with his head down and his feet high, blow hot air from mouth to mouth, press the person's median acupoint with acupuncture or thumb, so that the patient can slowly recover his breathing, and then take Ginseng Radix Aconiti Lateralis Decoction, or decoct with Radix Astragali 120g, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 60g and Radix Aconiti Lateralis 15g.
Twenty-five, chest trauma first aid methods
With an open wound in the chest, air will flow in and out of the chest with breathing, and blood may flow out. The patient should not move to prevent the broken ribs from puncturing the lungs and blood vessels. At this time, the wound must be covered with gauze or clothes, and the pressure must be bandaged.
Twenty-six, hypertension self-help methods
Hypertensive patients with sudden increase in blood pressure should remain calm, take antihypertensive drugs immediately, and move to the shade to sit down so that the upper body and head can be lifted; If possible, you can wash your feet with 40 ~ 45℃ water and soak them in 2/3 of your knees. Wet the towel with cold water and apply it to your head. Patients with nausea, vomiting and headache should seek medical attention immediately.
Twenty-seven, foreign body inhalation first aid methods
When a foreign body enters the trachea or esophagus by mistake, let the patient face down and pat his back to make him cough up, so as to avoid choking caused by foreign body blocking the trachea. You can also put your finger into the back root of your tongue to make it disgusting and then spit it out. If it is ineffective, it should be sent to the hospital as soon as possible.
Twenty-eight, infant asphyxia first aid methods
When a baby suffocates while feeding or taking medicine, he should immediately hang the child upside down, pat his hips and discharge the blockage in the trachea. Infants and young children suffocate because they are sleeping or wrapped too tightly in swaddling clothes, and their faces turn blue or even stop breathing. They should be given mouth-to-mouth resuscitation immediately and sent to the hospital for emergency treatment. Don't forget to pinch someone
Twenty-nine, syncope first aid methods
① Let the patient lie flat with his head down and his feet high.
② Untie the patient's collar, belt and bra.
③ Keep warm and keep quiet.
4 feed sugar water or hot tea.
⑤ Inhale with low concentration ammonia solution near the nose.
⑥ Pinch the patient's Hegu point (the tiger's mouth of the hand) with thumb and forefinger; You can also pinch or acupuncture Renzhong point with your thumb.
⑦ Give the patient a small amount of wine.
⑧ In case of cardiac arrest, you should immediately punch in the left chest, and perform artificial respiration and heart massage.
Pet-name ruby after preliminary treatment to the hospital for treatment.
Thirty, burn first aid methods
(1) Stay away from the burn source quickly to avoid burns.
(2) Cut or tear off the clothes, shoes and socks at the burn site as soon as possible.
③ Wash the wound with cold water to cool it down.
④ For minor burns in a small area, Bishu ointment and Yushu oil can be applied.
⑤ Protect the wound with clean towels or sheets and send it to hospital for treatment as soon as possible.
Thirty-one, little knowledge
1. Normal people are clear-headed, fluent in language and free to act. If someone "doesn't understand", breathing and heartbeat exist, and pressing or needling "Renzhong" point has no response, it may be a coma. The longer the coma, the more serious the condition; 2. The body temperature of normal adults is 36-37℃; 3. The pulse of normal adults is 60- 100 beats/min, which is even and powerful; 4. Normal adults breathe 16-20 times/minute, and the breathing time is equal; 5. Normal adult blood pressure ranges from140/90mmhg (18.6/12kpa) to 90/60 mmHg (12/8 kPa).
6. The total blood of normal adults accounts for about 7-8% of body weight. 7. The pupil diameter of normal adults is 2-4mm, which is equal to a perfect circle;
32. Hand-held cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) Hand-held CPR is a rescue technique. It is not a patent for medical personnel, but a first-aid technology that the general public should be familiar with and master. Hands-on CPR does not require any medical equipment. Hand-held cardiopulmonary resuscitation is mainly used for patients with sudden death. First, determine whether the patient died suddenly, including sudden loss of consciousness, disappearance of carotid pulse, spontaneous breathing stop, dilated pupils on both sides and so on. Position: The patient lies on his back on the ground or on a wooden board, with no pillows and other items on his head. This is the correct posture for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. If the patient is prone, he should be turned to the supine position, with gentle manipulation, paying special attention to the head and neck, and must not use too much force. If the patient lies on a soft bed, his back should be padded with boards.
Conscious judgment: no response to the call, no response to the pinch of the middle and Hegu points, and dilated pupils on both sides, it can be concluded that the patient is unconscious.
Pat the injured person on the shoulder (or face) and shout in his ear: "Hello! What's wrong with you? " To test its response.
33. What is sudden death?
A normal "healthy" person, or a person whose condition is basically stable, suddenly has a heartbeat and respiratory arrest, which is called sudden death. The World Health Organization defines a case of death within 6 hours from onset to respiratory and cardiac arrest as sudden death. The cause of sudden death is mostly acute attack of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (referred to as coronary heart disease). 70% of sudden death caused by coronary heart disease occurred outside the hospital. Sudden death patients lost consciousness, carotid artery fluctuation disappeared, spontaneous breathing stopped, and bilateral pupils dilated. Patients with sudden death can be rescued and resurrected. Patients with sudden death should be given hands-free cardiopulmonary resuscitation immediately. Effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed within 4-6 minutes, and the rescue success rate was 50%. Open the airway: raise your head and chin. First, clean up foreign bodies (vomit, blood clots, etc.). ) In your mouth, take out your false teeth, put your forefinger and middle finger on your chin with one hand, lift your chin and tilt your head back. After holding the neck with one hand, the degree of head back should be perpendicular to the ground with the line between chin and earlobe. Don't lean back too much.
Judging breathing: seeing, listening and feeling.
Look: whether there are ups and downs in the chest or abdomen. Listen: Is there breathing sound in the nose and mouth? Feeling: whether there is air escaping from the nose and mouth. Calling for help loudly The injured person didn't respond to the slapping and calling for help, indicating that he had lost consciousness. He immediately called for help in the same place: "Somebody! Help! " If there are others, call the emergency number first and then participate in the on-site rescue. The scene should try to organize the rescue work of the wounded and sick, and the ambulance personnel should work together. Mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration: put your thumb and forefinger on your forehead to hold your nostrils, wrap your mouth around the patient's mouth, take a deep breath first, then blow twice, and don't use too much force when blowing. After blowing, the patient's chest fluctuates, indicating that artificial respiration is effective. If the carotid pulse disappears, it can be considered that the heartbeat stops (the carotid artery is located 2-3 cm next to the Adam's apple). Extracardiac compression: compression position: in the middle of the chest, under the sternum 1/2. Go back to the first chapter again and review the organ position pressing frequency: 60- 100 times per minute. Pressing depth: 3-5cm. Pressing technique: place one hand under the sternum12, with the palm parallel to the sternum and the other hand overlapping on the back of the hand. Lift the two fingers crosswise, leave the chest wall, straighten the shoulders, and press down with shoulder arm strength. Note: 1. Extracardiac compressions should continue. 2, vertical downward force, don't swing from side to side. 3. Press down and relax. 4. Don't leave the chest wall when relaxing. If breathing and heartbeat stop, artificial respiration and cardiac compression should be performed at the same time. When blowing, stop pressing. Don't blow when pressing the heart, the two can be done alternately. Do it alone: according to the ratio of 15: 2, that is, blow twice first, and then press 15 times on your chest. It goes on and on until someone takes over. Two people do it: according to the ratio of 5: 1, that is, one person blows one breath and one person presses the heart five times. Stop pressing when blowing. Don't blow when pressing the heart, the two can be done alternately. Until the professional emergency personnel arrive. Call 120 at the same time of self-help and mutual rescue.
Thirty-four, first aid principle
In real life, most real cardiac emergencies and other critical emergencies occur outside the hospital, and on-site first aid is a race against time. Before the arrival of medical staff, the "first witness" shoulders a particularly important responsibility. The purpose and principle of on-site first aid: 1, saving lives and reducing mortality. 2. Prevent the disease from getting worse. 3. Relieve pain, reduce accidental injuries and reduce disability rate. 1, calm and bold, careful and responsible, prioritize and decisively implement the treatment method. 2, first deal with critically ill patients, and then deal with lighter patients; For the same patient, the life should be treated first, and then the local part should be treated. 3. Observe the site environment to ensure the safety of yourself and the injured. 4. Make full use of existing manpower and material resources to assist in first aid. How to dial the emergency number (120)? The call for help should be simple and clear, and the language must be concise and accurate. Don't say anything important or irrelevant, so as not to delay precious time. The main contents are as follows: 1, patient's name, gender and age. 2. The most critical condition of the patient at present. Such as fainting to the ground, severe pain in precordial area, dyspnea, massive bleeding, etc. , onset time, process, medication, past history and factors related to this onset. 3. The detailed address and telephone number of the patient's home or site, and the exact address of waiting for the ambulance. It is best to choose a place with obvious eye-catching signs. 4. When accidents, accidents, emergencies, etc. occur. Causing a large number of casualties, it is necessary to explain the nature of the injury, such as poisoning, car accident, drowning, electric shock, etc. At the same time, the number of injured people, the waiting place, and the name and identity of the caller should be stated.
35. Main symptoms of patients with angina pectoris: cerebrovascular accident (stroke) Cerebrovascular accidents include: cerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, cerebral thrombosis and cerebral embolism. Symptoms: Sudden attack, including dizziness, headache, vomiting, aphasia, salivation, angular deviation and hemiplegia, and severe coma and incontinence. Self-help measures: lie on your side, don't move, and lift it smoothly if necessary; Take off the denture, clean up the foreign body in the mouth and keep the respiratory tract unobstructed. Apply an ice pack or cold towel on the forehead of the patient to reduce intracranial pressure and keep warm; Monitor vital indicators such as pupil, respiration, pulse and blood pressure, and take oxygen if possible; Emergency call 120. Thirty-six, to prevent sudden death of the elderly.
Sudden death refers to unexpected sudden death without any warning in advance. Some actual cases of sudden death mostly occur in the following situations: strenuous exercise: In daily life, we will encounter cases of sudden death in sports such as running and swimming. Syncope and fall: Some people get up at night to urinate and fall to bed and die. This is due to the increase of parasympathetic nerve excitability during sleep at night, and the sudden drop of abdominal pressure after urine is discharged at night, which slows down the speed of blood night's return to the heart from the inferior vena cava, reduces the blood in the heart and brain, and causes ischemia and fainting.
Furious people: patients with hypertension, hemangioma, etc. You shouldn't be furious, otherwise accidents will easily happen. This is because of intense stimulation, sympathetic nerve is highly excited, adrenal gland secretion increases, heartbeat accelerates rapidly, blood vessels spasm and pressure changes, which rupture the original hemangioma and hypertensive blood vessels.
Excessive fatigue: the elderly, especially those with a history of coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction, make myocardial ischemia and hypoxia more serious and lasting without rest, thus promoting sudden death. Full bath: It is dangerous to take a bath after meals. This is because after meals, the blood in the body will be adjusted accordingly to meet the needs of digestion and absorption of food in the stomach. In addition, the small blood vessels in the whole body dilate after bathing, resulting in ischemia of heart and brain tissue and insufficient oxygen supply. Constipation: the elderly eat less, exercise less, gastrointestinal peristalsis weakened, and constipation and sudden death are prone to occur when holding their breath and defecating is difficult. This is due to the sudden increase of chest and abdomen pressure, blocked blood circulation, coronary artery spasm and severe myocardial ischemia when holding your breath hard. Emotional depression: elderly patients with tracheitis and pneumonia have too much sputum in the respiratory tract, weakened lung function, and are unable to expectorate, which makes sputum block the airway and suffocate. There are also sudden deaths due to acute pancreatic diseases or esophageal varices bleeding. In view of the above situation, in order to prevent or reduce the occurrence of sudden death, the following measures should be taken: (1) Since most sudden deaths occur on the basis of original diseases, we should actively prevent and treat existing chronic diseases, such as hypertension and coronary heart disease. According to relevant data, about 50% of sudden death is caused by coronary heart disease. (2) Avoid mental stress, mood swings and other factors that induce sudden death. Pay attention to physical and mental cultivation, arrange your own life, be good at eliminating troubles and controlling anger. (3) Take medicine due to illness and avoid toxic reaction according to the doctor's advice. When you have insomnia at night, take some sedatives and sleeping pills, and don't overdo it. (4) to participate in various activities, we should do what we can and never force it. When chest pain, palpitation, dizziness and dyspnea suddenly occur during running and other sports, you should stop exercising immediately. (5) It is very important to learn some knowledge of health first aid and find and rescue in time. (6) Furniture items such as daily activities places, guest rooms and bedrooms for the elderly should be properly arranged and placed, and attention should be paid to preventing tripping or slipping. Thirty-seven, carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning (harmful gas poisoning) Causes of carbon monoxide poisoning: insufficient fuel combustion, colorless and odorless carbon monoxide, closed doors and windows; In the process of industrial production, excessive co is produced; Improper use of fuel water heater; Long-term use of air conditioning, air circulation; After the fire broke out, toxic gas was produced at the scene; Heat with fuel for a long time, rinse, roast and burn food. Symptoms: 1, mild: dizziness, headache, fatigue, general malaise, nausea and vomiting; 2. Moderate: In addition to the above symptoms, facial flushing has red lips, irritability, rapid pulse and sweating; 3, severe: coma, convulsions, respiratory heartbeat stop. On-site first aid: open doors and windows or leave the site to breathe fresh air; Unbutton clothes to make the respiratory tract unobstructed, take oxygen conditionally and keep warm;
The coma patient's head leans to one side, and there are convulsions and acupuncture at Renhe point; Breathing and heartbeat stopped, hands-free cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was performed immediately and 120 was dialed. Send the patient to the hyperbaric oxygen chamber to promote the dissociation of carboxyhemoglobin and the excretion of carbon monoxide. Nine taboos of family first aid 1. Avoid taking painkillers for acute abdominal pain: to avoid covering up the condition and delaying diagnosis, you should go to the hospital as soon as possible. Second, avoid abdominal injury and immediate reset after visceral prolapse: visceral organ prolapse must be completely disinfected by a doctor before resetting. Prevent infection from causing serious consequences. 3. Avoid ligating with tourniquet for too long: loosen tourniquet 1 minute every 1 hour, and make records to prevent ischemic necrosis of distal limbs caused by excessive ligation of limbs. Fourth, coma patients should avoid lying on their backs: they should lie on their sides to prevent oral secretions and vomit from inhaling into the respiratory tract and causing suffocation. You can't feed or feed comatose patients. 5. Patients with cardiogenic asthma should not lie down: because lying down will aggravate the blood stasis in the lungs and the burden on the heart, aggravate asthma and endanger life. You should take a semi-recumbent position to make your lower limbs droop. Sixth, patients with cerebral hemorrhage should not be active at will: if there is a paralyzed person who suddenly falls into a coma or has cerebral hemorrhage during the activity, it is likely to be cerebral hemorrhage. Moving at will make the bleeding worse. You should lie flat, raise your head and take it to the hospital at once. Seven, small and deep wounds should not be wrapped casually: if stabbed by sharp weapons, it will make the wound lack oxygen, leading to the growth of anaerobic bacteria such as tetanus Bacillus. Debridement and disinfection should be done before dressing, and tetanus antitoxin should be injected. Eight, diarrhea patients should not take antidiarrheal drugs indiscriminately: taking antidiarrheal drugs before anti-inflammatory will make it difficult to discharge toxins and aggravate intestinal inflammation. Anti-inflammatory drugs such as furazolidone, berberine and norfloxacin should be used before antidiarrheal drugs such as Yimengting. Nine, the electric shock should not be rescued with bare hands: when someone is found to get an electric shock, the power supply should be cut off immediately, and the wires should be opened immediately with dry wooden sticks, bamboo poles and other insulators.
39. Emergency rescue of heatstroke In midsummer, heatstroke is an emergency that seriously endangers human health and life. Heatstroke generally manifests as sweating, thirst, dizziness, fatigue, tinnitus, chest tightness, palpitation, pale face, nausea and vomiting, decreased blood pressure and increased body temperature. Any delirium, restlessness, coma, convulsion, involuntary muscle shaking and dry skin without sweat are called moderate heatstroke. 4 1. First aid measures for chilblain chilblain is a common and frequently-occurring disease in northern winter, ranging from redness, itching to amputation. To this end, everyone should master some common sense of first aid for frostbite. Protect the frostbitten area: after frostbite, protect the frostbitten area with a quilt and quickly escort the patient to a room with a room temperature of 20℃-30℃. Avoid rubbing against snow and baking with fire. After frostbite, avoid rubbing with snow, soaking in ice water or baking directly with fire, which will aggravate the condition.
Forty-two, earthquake first aid
Don't panic during the earthquake, find the first aid triangle. As shown in the figure.
43. Tsunami rescue.
1. In the event of a tsunami, ships sailing at sea should not return to ports or docks, but should immediately sail to deep-sea areas, which is safer than the coast.
2. Because the gap and turbulence caused by the tsunami in the harbor are very dangerous, the ship owner should sail the ship out to sea before the tsunami comes. If there is no time to sail out of the harbor, everyone should evacuate the ships moored in the harbor.
3. When the tsunami lands, the seawater often rises or falls obviously. If you see the sea surface retreating at an unusually fast speed, you should immediately evacuate to a higher place inland.
Forty-four, self-help when the mudslide.
1. Immediately climb the hillside perpendicular to both sides of the debris flow. The faster you run, the higher you climb. Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: 1. Run to the heights on both sides of the river bed at once. 2. Climb to the heights on both sides of the hillside perpendicular to the debris flow. 3. Hold the trees on the river bank when you have no time to run. Never: 1. Escape to the downstream direction of debris flow. 2. Run along the direction of the debris flow.
Forty-five, how to save yourself when landslide?
If possible, prepare the necessary living materials in advance at the disaster avoidance place. Essentials of self-help and mutual rescue: 1. Temporary residence should be built in advance in the disaster avoidance place. 2. Transfer some daily necessities to the disaster avoidance point in advance. 3. According to the actual situation, prepare transportation, communication equipment, standing medicines and rain gear. 4. Prepare enough food and drinking water.
These are not available when there is a sudden landslide. Be sure to find a three-dimensional cover angle. Prevent from being bruised. At the same time prevent suffocation and death. Forty-five, flood self-help
Under the threat of flood, if there is enough time, it should be transferred to hillside, highland and other places in an organized way according to the predetermined route; In the case of being caught off guard and surrounded by floods, we should use boats, rafts, door panels, wooden beds, etc. Let the water transfer as much as possible.
2. When the flood comes too fast to move, you should immediately climb the roof, tall buildings, big trees and high walls, take temporary shelter and wait for rescue. Don't swim alone.
In mountainous areas, if it rains continuously, it is easy to flash floods. In this case, we should pay attention to avoid crossing the river and being washed away by mountain torrents, and also pay attention to preventing landslides, rolling stones and mudslides.
4. It is found that the high-voltage tower is toppled, and the wires are drooping or broken; Stay away from danger, don't touch or get close to it to prevent electric shock.
5. After the flood, you should take medicine to prevent epidemic, do a good job in health and epidemic prevention, and avoid infectious diseases.