The laws of the combination of perceptual materials that constitute formal beauty, that is, the laws of formal beauty mainly include uniformity and unevenness, symmetry and balance, proportion and scale, golden section law, master and slave and emphasis, transition and care, stability and lightness, rhythm and rhythm, penetration and hierarchy, texture and texture, harmony and contrast, diversity and unity, etc. These laws are summed up by human beings who are constantly familiar with and master the characteristics of various perceptual material factors and the relationship between abstract and generalized formal factors in the process of creating beauty.
1. Everything in a harmonious universe exists according to certain laws, although its forms are ever-changing, from the movement of the sun and the moon to the movement of planets to the composition and movement of atomic structures. Einstein pointed out that the universe itself is harmonious. The broad interpretation of harmony is that when judging the relationship between two or more elements or parts, the feelings and consciousness of each part are a whole and coordinated relationship. The narrow interpretation of harmony is that there is no monotony and disorder between unity and contrast. A single color, a single line doesn't matter harmony. Only when several elements have basic * * * commonness and integration can they be called harmony. For example, a set of coordinated color blocks, some orderly approximate graphics and so on. The harmonious combination also maintains some differences, but when the differences are strong and significant, the harmonious mode changes into the comparative mode.
2. Contrast, also known as contrast, refers to the phenomenon that two contrasting visual elements are successfully juxtaposed together. Although it gives people a distinct sense of hierarchy and strong feelings, there is still a sense of unity, which can make the theme more vivid and the visual effect more active. The contrast relationship is mainly through the lightness and coldness of visual image tones, the saturation and unsaturation of colors, different tones, the size, thickness, length, straightness, height, concavity and convexity, width, vertical direction, horizontal direction and inclination, quantity, arrangement density, up and down, left and right, height and distance of position, virtual shape, black and white and light. It embodies the contradictory and unified world view in philosophy. Contrast rule is widely used in modern design and has great practical effect.
3. Symmetrical forms can be seen everywhere in nature, such as the wings of birds and the leaves of flowers and trees. Therefore, the symmetrical form has a natural, stable, unified, coordinated, neat, elegant, solemn and perfect simple aesthetic feeling visually, which conforms to people's visual habits. Symmetry in plane composition can be divided into point symmetry and axial symmetry. Suppose a straight line is set in the center of a graph and the graph is divided into two equal parts. If the shapes of the two parts are completely equal, the figure is axisymmetric, and this straight line is called the axis of symmetry. Suppose there is a central point in a graph, and the same graph is obtained by rotating around this point. This is called point symmetry. Point symmetry includes centripetal symmetry, centrifugal emission symmetry, rotational symmetry, inverse combination symmetry and concentric circle symmetry extending from the center of the circle layer by layer. The application of symmetry principle in plane composition should avoid monotony and dullness caused by excessive absolute symmetry. Sometimes, adding some asymmetric factors into the overall symmetrical pattern can increase the vividness and beauty of the composition layout and avoid monotony and dullness.
4. The weight borne by both ends of the balance is supported by a fulcrum. When both sides achieve a mechanical balance, it is called balance. The balance of graphic composition design is not the equivalent relationship between actual weight and moment, but the balance of visual judgment according to the size, weight, color and other visual elements of the image. In composition, the visual center (the midpoint of the place with the strongest visual impact) is usually the fulcrum, and each component maintains the visual balance with this fulcrum. In real life, balance is a dynamic feature, such as human movement, the flight of birds, the galloping of wild animals, the trouble of wind and grass, and the surging of running water, all of which are forms of balance, so the composition of balance is dynamic.
5. Proportion is the quantitative relationship between parts or parts and the whole. This is an accurate and detailed ratio concept. In the long-term production practice and life activities, people have been using the proportional relationship, based on the human body's own scale, and according to the convenience of their own activities, summed up various scale standards, which are reflected in the manufacture of utensils and tools for food, clothing, housing and transportation. For example, as early as ancient Greece, it has been found that the universally recognized golden ratio 1∶ 1.6 18 is the ratio of the height and width of human eyes. Proper proportion has a harmonious aesthetic feeling and becomes an important content of the law of formal beauty. The proportion of beauty is an important factor in the size of all visual units and the arrangement and combination between units in the plane composition.
Golden section, also called golden section ratio and Chinese-foreign ratio, divides a line segment into two sections, A and B, with different lengths, so that the ratio of long section (A+B) is equal to the ratio of short section B and long section A. The formula is A: (A+B) = B: A, and the ratio is 06 180339 .. This ratio is more pleasing to the eye in modeling, therefore.
The golden section rectangle itself consists of a square and a golden section rectangle, and these two basic shapes can be divided infinitely. Because its own proportion can stimulate people's vision moderately, and its length proportion just conforms to people's visual habits, it makes people feel pleasing to the eye.
The simplest method applied in aesthetics is to arrange the order 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 2 1, ... according to the golden ratio 06 18, we can get 2: 3, 3: 5, 5: 8, 8:18.
6. In physics, the center of gravity refers to the point where the resultant force of gravity acts on all parts of an object. The common methods for finding the center of gravity of general objects are: hanging objects with lines. When balancing, the center of gravity must be on the messenger wire or the extension line of the messenger wire; Then hold the other point of the messenger wire. After balancing, the center of gravity must also be on the new suspension line or the extension line of the new suspension line. The intersection of the front and rear lines is the center of gravity of the object. In visual composition, the center of gravity of any shape is closely related to the stability of vision. The relationship between human visual stability and formal beauty of modeling is complicated. When a person's eyes touch a picture, they often move quickly from the upper left corner to the lower left corner, then pass through the central part to the upper right corner and the lower right corner, and then return to the central circle of the most eye-catching picture. This center point is the center of vision. However, the change of picture outline, the gathering and scattering of graphics, and the distribution of color or light and shade can all affect the visual center of gravity. Therefore, the treatment of the center of gravity of the picture is an important aspect of discussing the composition of the plane. In visual advertising design, the theme or important content information to be expressed by an advertisement cannot deviate too far from the visual center of gravity. 7. Rhythm and prosodic rhythm originally refers to the change and repetition of the priorities of sound beats in music. Rhythm, a term with a sense of time, refers to the sense of movement when the same visual element is repeated continuously.
Rhythm originally refers to the rhythm and rhythm of music (poetry). The combination of high and low tones, light and heavy tones and long and short tones in poetry, symmetrical pause or pause, repetition of the same tone in a certain position, and the use of homophones at the end of sentences and lines to enhance the musicality and rhythm of poetry are all the use of rhythm. In visual design, simple unit combination is easy to be monotonous. Regularly changing images or color groups are arranged in numerical proportion and equal proportion to make them have a sense of melody of music and poetry, which is called rhythm. Rhythmic composition has positive vitality and energy, which can enhance charm.
8. Association and artistic conception images generally produce association through visual communication to achieve a certain artistic conception. Association is an extension of thinking, extending from one thing to another. For example, the color of graphics: red makes people feel warm, enthusiastic and festive; Green reminds people of nature, life and spring, thus giving people a feeling of calmness, vitality and spring. Various visual images and their elements will have different associations and artistic conception, and the symbolic meaning of the graphics generated from them, as an expression of visual semantics, is widely used in graphic visual design.