Saffron:
Saffron, the name of traditional Chinese medicine, is also called saffron and saffron. It was introduced as a cultivated species. Now it is cultivated in Beijing, Shandong, Zhejiang and Sichuan. Has the effects of promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, cooling blood, removing toxic substances, relieving depression and tranquilizing mind. Can be used for amenorrhea, postpartum blood stasis, warm toxin, macula, depression, palpitation and madness.
Growing habits:
Crocus is a bulb flower planted in autumn. Crocus is native to southern Europe. Like cold, humid, semi-cloudy environment, cold-resistant, suitable for sandy loam with good drainage and rich humus. The pH value is 5.5-6.5. Bulbs are dormant in summer and take root and sprout in autumn. 65438+ 10 blooms in late October and bloom in the evening.
Cultivation techniques:
Planting: Sowing, ploughing, intensive cultivation and sufficient base fertilizer should be applied to the soil. The seed ball must be big and full, without mildew spots. Plant spacing 10 cm× 15 cm, and planting depth is about 5 cm. Planting bulbs in autumn, covering the soil with 5-8 cm, weeding in time during the growth period, paying attention to drainage after rain, loosening soil and watering in autumn drought to keep the soil moist and facilitate rooting.
Irrigation: Crocus growing season is in winter and spring, and there is little rain, so special attention should be paid to irrigation. Emerge about 20 days after sowing, and water once before emergence to facilitate emergence. Pour antifreeze water once before winter to increase the ground temperature. Water should be watered once in mid-April to reduce the harm of dry and hot wind.
Fertilization: Soaked organic fertilizers should be applied before planting, such as cake fertilizer, manure, burnt soil, plant ash, chicken and duck manure, etc. , but also some calcium superphosphate; After rooting and leaf extraction, dilute liquid fertilizer with balanced nitrogen and phosphorus can be applied every 10 day, such as adding appropriate amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to the soaked cake fertilizer solution until the flower buds are removed and colored.
Management: in order to ensure that the plant can blossom and flourish, when it is found that there are too many lateral buds on the plant, some small buds can be broken off to ensure that the main buds can bloom more; During the growth and development of crocus sativus, the accumulated water must be discharged in time, especially in rainy season, otherwise it is easy to form accumulated water on the seedbed, causing bulb rot and undue economic losses; In case of autumn drought, the seedbed should also be watered and loosened to keep the soil moist.
Harvest: From late April to early May, some branches and leaves on the ground of saffron gradually turn yellow, which can be carefully dug from one end of the border with an iron rake. After digging, remove the branches and leaves, dry them in the ground for two days, and then store them indoors.
Processing: The indoor and field flowering period of crocus sativus is from mid-June to early October1kloc-0/65438+ 10, and it blooms at 9-10 every day, with bright colors. Indoor weather is not affected, and flowers can be picked all day; Outdoor flowers are picked at 1 day 8- 1 1, and the stigma is easy to be stained with stamen pollen at late harvest, which will affect the quality. Peel off the petals after harvest, and take out the pistil style and stigma, preferably three times. Spread it on white paper and dry it in the shade in a ventilated place. In many cases, it can be dried in an oven and stored in a closed place away from light for sale.
Processing: take the original medicinal materials and remove impurities. Characters of decoction pieces: saffron is loose and filiform, with three branches, about 30 mm long and dark red. The upper width is slightly flat, the apex edge is irregularly toothed, there is a short crack inside, and sometimes a small yellow column remains at the lower end. Light, soft, moist and shiny, or dull and greasy. The smell is unique, slightly irritating and slightly bitter. Store in a dry container, sealed, and in a cool and dry place, away from light.