(2) Measures: Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan and the establishment of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (2 points)
(3) Impact: the formation of bipolar pattern (2 points)
Test analysis: (1) According to "1945 ...", it can be seen that this refers to World War II; "... the war is over, but the war has just begun" means that World War II has ended, but the post-war "Cold War" between the United States and the Soviet Union has just begun.
(2) The latter war was the Cold War. According to the knowledge learned, the measures taken by the United States during the Cold War included Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan and the establishment of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
(3) 1949 The establishment of NATO marked the initial formation of the global expansion strategy of the United States to dominate the world. 1955 The establishment of the Warsaw Pact between the Soviet Union and seven countries in Eastern Europe marked the formation of the confrontation between the two major political and military blocs and the formal formation of the bipolar pattern.
Comments: The hegemony between the United States and the Soviet Union has a great influence on the world: it has plunged the world into turmoil and had a negative effect on the economic and political development of developing countries, and eventually the world situation has developed towards multipolarization.