What dietary habits promote gallstones?
The common situation is that the dietary calories are too high, or the exercise is too little, resulting in high body fat content. Some people eat a lot of meat food for a long time and consume more saturated fat; Some people actually eat vegetarian food, but only put more cooking oil; Some people think that their diet is still light, but in fact they eat more sugary foods, sweet drinks or refined white starch staple foods.
The general situation of middle-aged and elderly people is that they don't eat much meat, but they are willing to put cooking oil. Many kinds of white rice steamed bread and even oily pasta are eaten. Excessive oil and starch, after entering the body, will also stimulate excessive cholesterol synthesis through some mechanism. Gallstones are stones formed by cholesterol substances. On the other hand, these patients often consume too little whole grains, beans and vegetables, and are seriously deficient in dietary fiber.
In addition, some young people are not overweight, but their eating patterns are disordered. Breakfast is often not eaten, and supper is very greasy; Sometimes two meals are not hungry, and sometimes two meals are eaten at one meal; Sometimes eat a little fat, sometimes eat a lot of greasy fat. Stay up late and sleep late, but don't get up in the morning. This state will make the secretion of digestive juice disorder, and also make the rhythm of bile production and secretion disorder, thus increasing the risk of gallstones.
How should patients with gallstones eat?
0 1
For obese people, people with excessive waist circumference and high body fat, it is necessary to limit the total dietary calories.
It is necessary for people who are overweight and have high body fat to lose weight. But you can only use moderate diet, not fast diet. Because fast weight loss will increase the risk of gallstones, the faster you lose weight, the greater the risk of stones. A diet high in fat and protein can't be used. It is recommended to use my recommended diet with high satiety, slow digestion and less hypoglycemia every day, which can reduce the daily calories by 200-250 kcal, that is, women with light physical activity 1600 kcal and men's 2000 kcal.
The amount of exercise needs to be increased, but not drastic. It is suggested that moderate exercise should be started from walking, and the walking speed and distance should be gradually accelerated. Patients with gallstones who have no exercise foundation suddenly do strenuous exercise, which may be dangerous.
02
Eat and live regularly.
For people who are not fat, we should pay attention to eating on time and in quantity, living a regular life, eating breakfast on time, not eating greasy midnight snacks, not staying up late to sleep, and reducing mental stress. If you need to add supper at night, you can only eat light food, such as porridge, lotus root starch, fruit and so on.
When you are hungry for a long time, cholestasis accumulates in the gallbladder and is excessively concentrated, which increases the risk of stone formation. However, if you eat greasy supper at night and skip breakfast in the morning, a lot of bile will be secreted in the gallbladder at night and released at noon the next day, which is more dangerous to form stones.
03
Limit the total amount of fat and cholesterol.
Stay away from greasy food.
Excessive fat and cholesterol stimulate gallbladder contraction, which increases the risk of gallbladder diseases and is not conducive to weight loss. Therefore, patients with gallbladder disease need to reduce fat intake in their daily diet than healthy people. You can't eat fried or fried food. Cooking is mainly scalding, steaming, cold salad and stewing, with a small amount of liquid vegetable oil. The daily fat intake is between 40 and 50 grams, too little will also affect the intake of essential fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins.
Don't eat fat, lard, butter, butter, sausage, bacon, etc. Snacks and cakes such as biscuits, cookies, cakes, cakes, fried dough sticks, fried dough sticks, Indian flying cakes and scallion cakes are all high in fat, so we should try our best to quit them. Try to eat less high-cholesterol foods such as egg yolk, duck egg yolk, shrimp and crab, roe, crab roe, liver and cheese. If you want to eat, you should eat in small quantities.
04
Avoid sweets and sweet drinks and drink more white water.
There is no sugar in the daily diet
Both sweets and sweet drinks promote the levels of triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein in the body, promote obesity, and are not conducive to the prevention of gallstones. Don't put sugar or honey in milk, soybean milk, miscellaneous grains, porridge, coffee and tremella soup for daily drinking. White water and light tea can be chosen as daily drinks, and drinking more water is also beneficial to prevent bile concentration.
05
Glutinous rice and potatoes are the staple food.
More than half of the staple food is whole grains.
Some people have heard that "sugar is good for the liver", in fact, it means that starchy food is good for the health of the liver, not that eating sugar directly. As long as there is starchy food. Because starchy food is less irritating to gallbladder, it also brings less workload to liver. Therefore, patients with gallbladder disease should adopt a diet with high carbohydrate ratio and low fat ratio. Simply put, there are more staple foods and less fat. However, a large number of refined white starch foods increase postprandial blood sugar and strengthen the synthesis of fat and cholesterol, which is easy to induce gallstones. Therefore, in starchy foods, special attention should be paid to increasing the proportion of whole grains and potatoes, at least half. On the premise that the digestive system can accept it, a little more is acceptable.
Supply 250-350g grain (raw weight) every day, and add whole-grain miscellaneous beans, such as brown rice oatmeal, mung bean oatmeal millet porridge, buckwheat millet porridge, red bean oatmeal black rice porridge, etc. Sweet potato, purple potato, yam, taro, potato, etc. It is also suitable for eating 50- 150g every day instead of some white rice. Other starchy ingredients such as lotus root, water chestnut, lily and lotus seed can also be added to the staple food. The dietary fiber content of these ingredients is much higher than that of white rice and white flour, which is conducive to reducing the utilization rate of cholesterol in the intestine and controlling blood lipid and weight.
06
High-quality protein food should be eaten in moderation.
Patients with gallstones still need an adequate supply of protein. Fish, eggs, milk and bean products can all be eaten, but be careful not to overdo it. Protein and fat can stimulate cholecystokinin. Eating too much high-protein food at one time is not good for patients with gallbladder disease, but protein deficiency is not good for the repair of liver and gallbladder tissue damage. Fish, lean meat, low-fat milk and soy products cooked with less oil can be eaten several times, and protein's intake does not need to be reduced. The supply of protein can be appropriately increased in the recovery period after illness, but attention should be paid to avoid taking too much fat at the same time.
Studies have shown that the high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in dietary fat, especially the increase of omega-3 fatty acids, is conducive to reducing the risk of gallstones. Therefore, the intake of protein should give priority to fish and poultry and reduce red meat. Sterol can reduce the absorption rate of cholesterol in the body, and the intake of lecithin can also reduce the risk of stones, so you can eat soy products in moderation and replace some fish foods.
07
Eat enough vegetables, especially green leafy vegetables.
Patients with gallbladder disease often eat less vegetables every day because of their bad eating habits. Dietary fiber in food can reduce the utilization rate of body fat and cholesterol, promote intestinal movement and bile acid excretion, and reduce the risk of gallstones. At the same time, it is also beneficial for obese patients with gallbladder disease to reduce the risk of other chronic diseases.
Soluble dietary fiber is especially beneficial to reduce the utilization rate of cholesterol. Mushrooms, tremella, kelp, Undaria pinnatifida, various mushrooms, konjac and other vegetables are rich in soluble dietary fiber. They can block the hepatic-intestinal circulation of cholesterol substances and help bile to be excreted from the large intestine.
Dark green leafy vegetables not only have the highest nutritional value, but also are rich in vitamin K, which is beneficial to relieve the pain caused by gallbladder diseases. Adequate supply of dietary vitamin C is beneficial to the timely conversion of cholesterol into bile acids. Carotene can be converted into vitamin A, which is also helpful for the repair of epithelial tissues such as gallbladder endothelium. These nutrients can be obtained from vegetables. You can take vitamin supplements when necessary.
Fruit can be eaten normally, but it is not recommended to eat in large quantities at one time. Excessive consumption of some fruits may make the intestine move too fast, or make the intestine produce a lot of gas, causing gallbladder contraction, thus inducing an acute attack of gallbladder disease.
08
Light seasoning, avoid too much excitement.
Avoid excessive intake of alcohol, coffee and other irritating foods.