radiation

international system of units (SI)

Proper name of international unit

special troops

expose

Coulomb kg-1 (c kg-1)

undetermined

roentgen

1 = 2.58× 10-4 coulombs kg-1(1r = 2.58×10-4ckg-1).

absorbed dose

Joule kg-1 (Joule kg-1)

Grey (gy)

1 gray = 1 joule kg-1 = 100 rad (1Gy = 1J kg-1 = 102 rad).

rad

1 rad = 10-2 joule kilograms-1 = 100 erg-1.

( 1 rad = 10-2j kg- 1 = 102 erg g- 1)

Equivalent dose

Joule kg-1 (Joule kg-1)

Sewart

1 seaver = 1 joule kg- 1 = 100 rem (1SV =1jkg-0/=102 rem).

Rem

1 rem = 10-2 joule kg-1 (1 rem = 10-2J kg-1).

radioactivity

Seconds-1

(s- 1)

becquere

1 Bekkerel = 1 sec-1

( 1bq= 1s- 1)

curie point

1 Curie = 3.7× 10 10 second-1.

( 1ci = 3.7× 10 10s- 1)

Radiation index of electrical appliances

The radiation index of electrical appliances is divided into five points. Anyone who is rated as five points is seriously exceeding the standard, so you should pay attention. Samsung and above also belong to the over-standard range, which should also attract your attention; One star is safe and can be used with confidence.

There are two levels of electromagnetic radiation, among which the unit of power frequency band is μT, and the radiation above 0.4μT belongs to strong radiation, which is harmful to human body and prone to leukemia after long-term contact. If the radiation is below 0.4μT, it is relatively safe. The unit of radio frequency electromagnetic wave is μW/㎝2.

1. TV

The traditional cathode ray tube TV cathode ray tube was tested first. First, we test it at close range. Within the first half of a meter, the radiation value generated during normal startup is 0. 12μT, 0.30μT during normal viewing, 0.27μT during channel changing, 0.1/μ t during standby, and the radiation value on the side is 0.0 during normal viewing.

Because most people watch TV at a distance of about 3 meters, we also made a test on the front 3 meters, and found that the radiation has a great degree of attenuation: the startup, normal viewing, channel changing and standby state are all 0. 12μT, and the test results show that the normal viewing of traditional CRT TV will not cause harm. But to our surprise, the radiation intensity behind it is relatively high, and the radiation value reaches 4.8μT within half a meter after starting the machine, and the radiation through glass and wooden boards has not decreased, even through the wall with a thickness of 10 cm, the radiation value is 0.9 μ t. Please be careful if the back of your TV is facing the bedside of your bedroom. But usually people have different time to rest and watch TV, so it is not a big problem.

Look at the plasma TV again, the front is half a meter, the starting, watching and channel changing are 0. 1 1μT, the standby is 0. 12μT, and the side is 0.11μ t; The front is 3 meters, and the TV is 0. 12μT when turned on, 0. 14μT when viewed normally, and 0. 1 1μT when turned on or on standby. According to the test results, the radiation intensity of plasma is less than that of traditional TV.

When the rear projection TV is viewed normally, it is 0. 12μT, 0. 19μT and 0. 14μ t near the front, side and back of the fuselage, respectively. First half meter 0.11μ t; 3 meters ahead is 0.1μ t.

The most reassuring thing in TV series is LCD TV. No matter whether the front is half a meter or three meters, the instantaneous test results at startup, normal viewing, channel changing and standby state are all 0. 1μT, while the side is only 0. 1 1μT, and basically the radiation intensity has not changed.

Test results: Comparing the three kinds of TVs, we can easily find that LCD TV and rear projection TV have the smallest radiation, plasma TV has a little stronger radiation, and CRT TV is bigger, but it is mainly behind TV. It is recommended that you keep a certain distance when watching, especially for children.

2.DVD player and home theater

The popular home theater in recent years, that is, DVD player plus sound system, is closely related to the test results, such as DVD 1.2μT, OK player 1.2μT, power amplifier 1.24μT, small speaker 1.5μT, and large speaker 0.49μ t.

Tip: I suggest you use home theater as little as possible. If you want to sing, you'd better go to KTV.

CRT monitor LCD monitor desktop computer host small speaker notebook computer

People always think that CRT monitors emit a lot of radiation. Is it what everyone thinks? We tested it first. The front of the display is close to 1.00μT, and the side of the display is close to 0.55μT, which is not small! Look at the center of the display screen, the distance is 0.03 meters, and the radiation is still 0.55 μ t. Is this CRT monitor really as big as we thought? To further confirm, we began to look for its safe distance. In this way, when the distance is 0.2 meters, the radiation in front of the display screen will be attenuated to 0.18 μ t, and it seems that the CRT display can be used safely as long as the distance is 0.2 meters. Some viewers asked if it was as big as CRT TV, and it was not big after the test. Some people like to use radiation screensavers, so is it effective? We also specially tested it, and the screensaver radiation only decreased by 10%. Screen saver doesn't seem to have much effect.

Radiation index of CRT display: ★★★☆☆

Now liquid crystal display is replacing the traditional display, and we have also tested it. The front of the display screen is 0. 1 1μT, the instant of startup is 0. 12μT, the time of shutdown is 0.1/μ t, and the side of the display screen is 0.12μ t. It seems that LCD is really reassuring.

Radiation index of LCD: ★ ☆ ☆ ☆.

Let's look at the mainframe of the desktop computer again. The front is 0. 17μT, but the central radiation of the console panel is slightly stronger, with distances of 0.03m and 0.26 μ t; The side of the main engine is 0.29μT, and the center of the left side of the chassis is 0.03 m and 0.23μT apart. The back is 0.46μT, but we are usually at a certain distance from the back of the host, so the impact is not great. Also, the startup moment and standby state are both 0.17 μ t, and one more thing to say is that if the power connection of the desktop computer is reconnected, the radiation is 0.47μT, so keep a distance when using the desktop computer again.

Radiation index of desktop computer host: ★★★☆☆

But the next test is not very optimistic, subwoofer speaker, the center of the operation panel, the distance is 0.03 meters, 0.63 μ t; The center of the right side of the speaker is 0.03m and 5.68μ t away; Radiation is not small, so what is its safe distance? After careful testing, it is found that when the distance is 0.4 meters, its radiation is reduced to 0. 17μT ... So the subwoofer speaker has serious radiation, and it should be kept at least half a meter away when using it.

Radiation index of subwoofer speaker: ★★★★★☆.

Finally, I want to talk about the notebook computer, which is 0. 1. 13μT in front of the display screen, 0.3 m in front of the display screen, 0. 13μT on the side of the display screen, 0. 19μT on the keyboard and 0.22μT on the power adapter. The test results show that the radiation of notebook keyboard is slightly stronger and the power adapter is the largest.

Notebook radiation index: ★ ☆ ☆ ☆.

Tip: the radiation of LCD screen is very small, and the CRT monitor is slightly larger, but they are all within the safe range; The radiation on the back and side of the host is large, so it is strongly recommended that you do not open the chassis for the convenience of heat dissipation. The subwoofer has serious radiation, so keep a distance of at least half a meter when using it. The radiation of the notebook is concentrated above the keyboard, so keep a distance from the power adapter when using the notebook.

Oh, yes, it is said that this computer and notebook don't radiate much, but the photoelectric mouse turns red and blue, which is very scary. Is there radiation? Are the radiation of wireless mouse and keyboard less than that of ordinary ones? And that WLAN transmitter! There are digital devices, digital cameras, MP3 and MP4.

To tell you the truth, this battery-powered DC appliance is the safest.

Ordinary mouse: 0. 1μT

Ordinary keyboard: 0. 1 1μT

Wireless mouse: 0.53μT (above the mouse)

Wireless keyboard: 0.96μT (above the keyboard)

Wireless gateway: 0. 15μT (above the gateway)

And the printer: 0.11μ t.

Digital camera power adapter: 0. 1 1μT

MP4 power adapter: 0. 16μT

Radiation index of power adapter for ordinary mouse, keyboard, wireless gateway, printer, digital camera and MP4: ★☆☆☆☆;

Radiation index of wireless mouse and keyboard: ★★★☆☆

Tip: Ordinary keyboard and mouse, as well as wireless gateway, printer, digital camera and MP4 power supply have little radiation, so you can use them safely. However, wireless keyboards and wireless mice radiate a lot.

3. Refrigeration and heating equipment, electric blanket

The air conditioner in the bedroom has the longest time and the largest power. Fortunately, its radiation is only 0. 1μT at the moment of switching on and off and in normal use, and the radiation value does not change much in various modes such as mute and sleep.

In winter, some families like to use small electric heaters, heaters and other heating appliances, but the radiation is not small. Let's look at the infrared electric heater first. Test results of distance 1. 8μT means that the radiation above is 1.8 μ t, and the side is 5.4μT, so the radiation intensity is very high. We tested at a distance of 1mm, and the radiation decreased to 0.65438. The test result of heater close contact is 9. 3μT, that is, 0.34μT on the front and 0.25μT on the back at half a meter. However, the most reassuring thing is the Youting electric heater, which is 0.19 μ t in the center when it is used in high grade; The center of the side is 0. 18μT when it is near, and 0. 18μT when it is half a meter.

When high-grade electric blanket is used, it is 0.7 1μT near the power supply, 1. 1.5μT at the left corner of the opposite side of the power supply, 0.7 1μT at the right corner of the opposite side of the power supply, and 0.55 μ t at the center of the electric blanket. At low gear, the left corner of the reverse side of the power supply is 0.70μT, and the right corner of the reverse side of the power supply is 0.49μT t. It seems that the radiation of the electric blanket is really not small.

Another big radiation source in the bedroom is the electric fan, with low-grade wind of 2.6μT and high-grade wind of 0.9 μ t. But over 2m, the radiation decays to 0.11μ t.

Tip: The air conditioner has little radiation, so you can use it safely. However, infrared tube electric heaters, heaters and electric fans radiate a lot, so it is recommended to keep a distance of at least one meter when using them. Electric blankets also radiate a lot, so it is recommended to use them less.

Humidifier, air purifier

In the test, we found that this fan humidifier has the largest radiation, and the test results close to it are 49μT, low-grade 15μT and high-grade 32μT, but when it exceeds 1m, it drops to 0.52 μ t. The test result of the ultrasonic spray humidifier is 9μT and 0.22μT outside 1 meter. The test result of the air purifier close to it is 0.35μT, which drops to 0. 12μT in the range of 0.5m m.

Tip: Humidifier and air purifier should not be too close to human body.

Humidifier radiation index: ★★★★★

Radiation index of air purifier: ★★★☆☆

Induction cooker electric hot pot microwave oven

People who like to eat hot pot with an induction cooker should pay attention. Its radiation is not small. Look at the test results 0. 1 m 2.80μT above the induction cooker, 0.3 m 1.40μT above the induction cooker, 8.70μT in front of the induction cooker, and 0.3 m 1.00μT in front of the induction cooker. Looking at the test of electric hot pot, the high-end startup is 0.53μT and the shutdown is 0.13 μ t.

The test results show that the electromagnetic oven has a large radiation, and the electric hot pot is better than the electromagnetic oven.

Then we first tested the microwave oven that everyone was most concerned about, and found that the radiation at the door of the microwave oven was the biggest, so we made a detailed test:

Mid-range fire time: 0.03 m17.32 μ w/2 before crack,

0.3m before the crack: 2.01μ w/㎝ 2

Before crack 1m:0.4 1μW/㎝2

Center of microwave oven door: 1m away from the door 150.7μW/㎝2.

The test results show that the microwave oven radiates the most when it is started (the value (0.05 m away from the door) is about 18 to 22μW/㎝2).

Tip: the electromagnetic oven has a large radiation, while the electric hot pot has a relatively small radiation. It is suggested that the use time of induction cooker and electric hot pot should not be too long, and a certain distance should be kept when using. The microwave oven radiates the most when it is started. It is recommended not to get too close when cooking in the microwave oven.

Radiation index: ★★★★★★★★★★

Refrigerator, range hood, ozone disinfection cabinet ozone machine, rice cooker, electric baking pan, electric kettle, juicer, soymilk machine.

Refrigerator: 0.13μ t outside the door; 0. 16μT inside the door (open the door).

Range hood: 0. 1m on the front is 0.38μT, and 0. 1m on the front is 0.1μ t at the moment of power failure.

Ozone disinfection cabinet: Open the door 0.14 μ t t.

Ozone machine: (open cover) 0.55μT

Rice cooker: (front) 0. 16μT

Electric baking pan: (near the top) 3.60μT t t.

Electric kettle: (close to)1.20μ t; (0. 1m) 0.30 μ t

Juicer: 10.00μT

Soymilk machine: (close to) 0.86 μ t; (0. 1m) 0.30 μ t

Tip: Refrigerators, ozone disinfection cabinet and rice cookers can be used with confidence, with less radiation; The radiation of electric baking pans and range hoods is slightly larger, which belongs to the early warning range. Be careful not to stick them too close when using. Ozone machine, soymilk machine and juicer all have relatively high radiation, so it is best not to let children use them.

Vacuum cleaner, electric iron, hair dryer, power wiring board

We have tested this big vacuum cleaner before, and the radiation under normal use is 15μT, but it is not small. This small hand-held vacuum cleaner is still very popular now. How much radiation does it have? We also did the test, and the distance at the handle was 0.03 m: 6.64 μ t; Left center: 4.22 μ t; But if you use it like this, its radiation will decay to a safe range, and the back is 0.2m: 0.15 μ t T. ..

Radiation index of large vacuum cleaner: ★★★★★

Radiation index of small vacuum cleaner: ★★★★★☆.

The radiation of the electric iron is also quite large. We made a detailed test and found that the radiation of the electric iron will increase when it is heated. In the heating state, the handle is1.22μ t; However, under the condition of constant temperature, the radiation decays to 0. 12 μ t, so if ironing clothes, it is best to heat them once and then continue heating them later. Never iron clothes while heating.

Radiation index of electric iron: ★★★★★☆.

Hair dryer is also a big radiation source we found. In the previous test, the low grade was 4.20μT and the high grade was10.00 μ t. After that, the different parts of the hair dryer were tested in detail under the condition of hot air, and the handle was 0.03 m,10.95 μ t; Air outlet, 7. 16μT, it seems that the hair dryer is really going to be used less.

Radiation index of hair dryer: ★★★★★

Another thing to remind everyone is that if the power terminal board is not connected to electrical equipment, the radiation is only 0. 1 1μT, which is not large; However, when connecting high-power electrical equipment, when the distance is 0.03m, its radiation can be 1.25μT ... which will attract your attention.

Radiation index of power terminal board (in use): ★★★★★☆.

Text: The radiation of vacuum cleaner and hair dryer is large, and the radiation of electric iron is not small. Keep away from children when using, and the radiation of power terminal board should also attract your attention, so don't put it on the bedside.

Electric footbath, treadmill, fat exercise machine

This is a popular electric footbath. Let's see how much radiation it has. 0.03m from the power line, 2.20μT t t. ..

Radiation index of electric footbath: ★★★☆☆

Others like exercising at home. How much radiation does this treadmill have? When the treadmill works, the panel is 0. 15μT, the front of the conveyor belt is 3.90μT, and the tail of the conveyor belt is 0.11μ t. ..

Treadmill radiation index: ★★☆☆.

Ladies love beauty and always like to lose weight. Let's see how much radiation the fat exercise machine has. Fat fitness machine, side, high gear, 0.03 m, 5.48 μ t.

Radiation index of fat exercise machine: ★★★★★

Tip: The electric footbath and fat exercise machine radiate greatly, and the front part of the conveyor belt of the treadmill radiates greatly.

What kind of spectrograph is not too radioactive?

In fact, as long as it is infrared, it is not within the scope of our test, and it is not electromagnetic radiation. So, you can use it with confidence.

4. lamps and lanterns

Let's start with the desk lamp. This is the desk lamp in the master bedroom, with a radiation value of 0.17 μ t, which is an energy-saving eye protection desk lamp for children, and the radiation value is also 0. 1 1μ t, and the old desk lamp is used in the study, with a radiation value of 0.1μ t.

The detection results of fluorescent lamps are: master bedroom 0. 12μT, living room 0. 18μT, study room 0. 1 1 μ t, and a cartoon wall lamp that children like, with radiation value of 0.11.

Tip: All kinds of lamps are qualified in radiation and can be used safely.

It can be avoided without spending a penny. One of the most effective ways is to keep a distance, and it must be a safe distance of more than 3 meters.

If you are at home, make reasonable arrangements, because experts suggest that it is best not to wear protective clothing. The human body itself is a big conductor, and wearing it can only introduce shielded radiation into the human body. Moreover, there is no clear material standard for protective clothing, and the price is uneven. Therefore, it is recommended that you do not trust the role of protective clothing.

[Edit this paragraph] Take care.

I. Facial protection

Although surfing the Internet is not the enemy,

However, for severe electromagnetic radiation, we still need to do foot and face work.

Screen radiation produces static electricity, which is the easiest to absorb dust. Face to face for a long time is more likely to lead to spots and wrinkles. Therefore, before surfing the Internet, you may wish to apply skin care lotion and add a layer of calomel to slightly increase skin resistance.

Thoroughly clean the skin

The first task after surfing the Internet is to clean the skin, thoroughly clean the face with warm water and cleanser, wash away all the dirt adsorbed by static electricity, and apply mild skin care products. Long-term use can reduce injuries, moisturize and beautify. This is really a little trick and a big role for women who surf the Internet.

Step 3 keep your eyes bright

If you don't want to see a person with red eyes, dark circles and gaunt face the next day, don't fight continuously for a long time, especially don't stay up late surfing the Internet. Prepare a bottle of eye drops at ordinary times in case of emergency. It is also good to apply cucumber slices, potato chips or frozen milk and herbal tea after surfing the Internet. Its method: slice cucumber or potato, apply it on double eyelids, and close your eyes for a few minutes; Or use gauze to soak frozen milk herbal tea and apply it to eyes, which can relieve eye fatigue and nourish skin around eyes.

Increase nutrition

It is very important to increase nutrition for people who often surf the Internet. Vitamin B group is very beneficial to mental workers. If you go to bed late, the quality of your sleep is not good. You should eat more animal livers and fresh fruits and vegetables, which are rich in vitamin B group. Meat, fish and dairy products increase memory; Chocolate, wheat doughnuts, seafood and dried fruits can enhance the coordination of the nervous system and are the best snacks when surfing the Internet. In addition, drinking Lycium barbarum juice and carrot juice from time to time also has obvious effects on eye protection and skin care. If you care about your appearance, quit those carbonated drinks and drink carrot juice or other fresh juice instead.

5. Do gymnastics regularly

After surfing the Internet for a long time, you may feel dizzy, stiff fingers, backache, and even edema and varicose veins of lower limbs. Therefore, we should do gymnastics at ordinary times to maintain vigorous energy, such as lying flat on the bed before going to bed, relaxing the whole body, and putting our head back below the edge of the bed after use to alleviate the lack of blood supply and oxygen supply to the brain; Raise your feet and lie flat on the bed or sofa to reduce foot edema, help blood return and prevent varicose veins of lower limbs; Stretch from time to time during surfing the internet, stretch your muscles or lean on a chair, push your hands back, and stretch your tense and tired waist muscles; Shaking your fingers is the easiest way to completely relax your fingers. Remember, this kind of gymnastics does not exercise much, but it is far more effective than sleeping late.

Two. Eye problems

Working on the computer for a long time not only makes my eyes sour, but also sometimes makes my eyes blurred and I can't see clearly. This is caused by my excessive use of my eyes. The skin problems of my eyes are dark circles, increased fine lines and bags under the eyes. These questions are really a headache So how can we prevent and solve these problems in my eyes?

Eye care, massage in the eye can improve blood circulation and help eliminate dark circles, but don't overdo it, otherwise it will make the eye muscles droop. Use eye gel containing chamomile, green tea and cucumber once a week.

Bags under the eyes do harm the appearance, and once they are formed, they are difficult to eliminate. Long-term computer work will make eyes overtired, blood vessels dilate and eye muscles swell. At this time, you can close your eyes and apply a cotton pad to your eyes with frozen aloe juice, and lie still for a few minutes to improve the swelling. Don't ignore this edema phenomenon, which eventually accumulates into serious bags under the eyes, so we have to solve it surgically.

Long-term use of eye fatigue, fine lines quickly climb to the eyes, you can tighten the water every day (eye-specific). Apply cotton to your eyes, or you can use eye mask. Sticking it once a day can quickly eliminate fine lines. If the fine lines become thick and deep wrinkles, it will be too difficult to maintain, so pay attention to the fine lines in the eyes and don't make them worse!

You can install a screensaver, or put more cream on your computer! This can reduce radiation!

If your monitor is relatively new, you should support a refresh rate of 85Hz, so that the displayed image will not flicker, shake or be unclear. This setting is usually enough. If the older one may only support 75Hz, it is also possible that the effect of 70Hz is slightly better than 75Hz, depending on the quality of your monitor.

The resolution usually uses the recommended values of 1024*768 and 17 inch monitors. If you do word work and your eyesight is not very good, you can adjust it to 800 * 600; If you want to make a Cad drawing, you'd better use 1024*768 to set the taskbar to hide automatically.

If you adjust the refresh frequency of the monitor to the above values respectively, you will see different display effects after careful observation, which may not be very different, which is related to your own eyes. Some people are sensitive to the flicker of light, while others feel nothing.

In addition: 1. It is suggested to drink more green tea, which can reduce the radiation hazard of monitors.