1, energy transfer: dry ice particles impact the surface to be cleaned at high speed, and the impact kinetic energy is dissipated, so that the dry ice particles and the surface to be cleaned have extremely fast heat transfer, and carbon dioxide instantly sublimates.

2. Low temperature cracking: dry ice particles impact the surface of the object to be cleaned, causing the dirt to freeze and crack, which affects the mechanical properties of the attached dirt.

3. Micro-explosion: After the dry ice particles drill into the dirt gap, they quickly vaporize within a few thousandths of a second, and the volume instantly expands by 800 times, stripping the dirt from the surface of the object.

Dry ice is solid carbon dioxide, which is made by liquefying carbon dioxide into colorless liquid under the pressure of 6250.5498 kPa, and then rapidly solidifying under low pressure. Now dry ice has been widely used in many fields.

The history of dry ice can be traced back to 1823 Faraday and Derby in England. They liquefied carbon dioxide for the first time, and then Chirolet of Germany successfully produced solid carbon dioxide at 1834. But it was only used for research at that time and was not widely used.