Chapter 1 China recorded the title (1905- 192 1).

Soon after the film was invented, it spread to China. 1895, 1895 On February 28th, 1995, a Frenchman, Louis Lumiere, showed films such as "Factory Gate" and "The Train Arrived" at the Indian Salon, a big coffee shop at Kapesin Road 14, which was recognized as the birthday of the film. Since 1896, Lumiere has sent nearly 100 photographers to shoot films all over the world. By the end of 1897, these photographers had set foot on all continents except Antarctica and shot more than 750 films, including those shot in China. It was during this period that films were introduced to China.

According to records,1August 1996 1 1 was the earliest film screening day in China. On this day, many foreign short films were shown in the teahouse of "Another Village" in Xu Yuan. 1902 65438+ 10, there is another film screening in Beijing. An American film projectionist shows a film in Fushoutang, Qianmen polishing factory. 1904, film screening activities entered the court from the people. On the occasion of Empress Dowager Cixi's 70th birthday, the British envoy in Beijing presented a projector and several films to the court to celebrate her birthday. During the screening, Cixi thought it was unlucky because the motorcycle suddenly had a flat tire. From then on, movies were not allowed in the Qing Palace. However, this incident did not stop the film from spreading in China.

Foreigners first showed films in China, and foreigners first made films in China. From the introduction of films into China to the Revolution of 1911, foreigners filmed more than 50 documentaries in China. During 1900, Eight-Nation Alliance occupied Beijing, and many foreign photographers came to Beijing to shoot documentaries. 1904, during the Russo-Japanese War in Lushunkou, Manchuria, China, foreign photographers also took pictures. At first, Alec Lauro, an Italian, was engaged in filming activities in China for a long time. 1907 came to China to hold a film screening, and then engaged in film shooting activities, shooting short films such as The First Tramway in Shanghai, The Funeral of Emperor Guangxu after the Western Empress, Forced Editing, and Shanghai Scenery.

Although no conclusive evidence has been found so far, most experts and scholars believe that China people started filming in 1905. That autumn (or at the turn of spring and summer), Fengtai Photo Studio, which opened in Beijing Liulichang Land Temple, filmed a short film recording Tan Xinpei's performance of Dingjun Mountain, also called Dingjun Mountain. Later, Tan Xinpei's performance clips such as Long Banpo were also made into movies. It is said that until the fire broke out in 1909, the shooting activities of Fengtai Studio were uninterrupted, and in order to adapt to the characteristics of silent films, these films all chose martial arts dance movements or scenes with rich expressions.

The earlier newsreels produced by China people included the Wuhan War (19 1 1) and the Shanghai War (19 13). The former recorded several major battles of Wuchang Uprising during the Revolution of 1911, and soon reappeared on the screen, which was very popular. The latter recorded some scenes of the "second revolution" of Yuan Shikai, a traitor from all walks of life in Shanghai. On September 29th, 19 13 was released on the new stage at the same time as the feature film My Wife (China's first feature film), which was called "an unprecedented action movie" for several days. These two films were shot by China people with the help of foreign film companies. The development of China's electric documentary still needs the development of China's national capital.

During the First World War, China's national capital developed to a certain extent. As one of the important representatives of the new bourgeois culture, the Commercial Press began to pay attention to movies, and established the film department in 19 18. The films produced are divided into five categories: landscape films, current affairs films, educational films, ancient dramas and new dramas, among which the first four categories can be classified as news documentaries. Shanghai Longhua, Zhejiang Chao, Putuo scenery, Beijing scenery and other scenic films introduce the scenic spots of the motherland, news films such as the European War Victory Parade, the Sixth University Games in the East, and the Fifth Far East Games report news events, and educational films such as women's sports concept and blind children's education are healthy and serious, with ancient costume dramas. 1926, the film department of the Commercial Press was reorganized into Guoguang Film Company, and the filming activities continued until 1927.

19 19 years, several national capitalists raised funds to set up China Film Manufacturing Co., Ltd., a company specializing in making films. In addition to the comedy "Nothing", the company shoots documentaries, including operas, news films and landscape films. The Opera Film Company's "Four Streets Village" is the first film produced by the company, which was not only shown in China, but also shipped to the United States. After that, he also filmed news films, the funeral of Zhou Fu's Ninth National Congress, the elegant demeanor of Mr. Zhang Jizhi, the St. John's football match in Nanyang, Nanjing police affairs, landscape films, the dwarf's tomb (Nantong Monument), Nanjing scenery and so on. These films were all made by 192 1, which did not attract much attention as a whole. However, the news film "National Diplomatic Parade" filmed by 1923 was very popular, and the company announced its closure after the filming.

Film is closely related to capital. Without capital, there is no film, and the state of capital determines the state of the film. At the beginning of the 20th century, the main producers of China films were national capitalists. At that time, due to the weak state capital and limited film production in China, it was far from developed capitalist countries. China only produced more than 30 news documentaries from 1905 to 192 1. The word "documentary" is a general term for films other than feature films in later generations. In China at that time, both feature films and documentaries were called "shadow play". It was not until the mid-1920s that the word "newsreel" appeared, and it was not until the early 1930s that the word "documentary" appeared (earlier in the Practical English-Chinese Dictionary edited by Liang Shiqiu published by 193 1). Movies have been treated as "novelty" for a long time after their birth, and their humble status has not attracted the attention of orthodox people and rulers.

*

Chapter II Development of News Documentary (1921-1931)

In the 1920s, with the national capital invested in the film industry, China films made great progress. Although this development was chaotic, difficult and even abnormal, it laid the foundation for the prosperity of national films in the 1930s. A large number of film companies established during this period promoted the development of news documentaries, mainly in the following aspects: the number of news documentaries has increased compared with the past, and even large documentaries have appeared. The filming of Soviet documentary filmmakers in China changed the pattern of western powers ruling China news documentaries. The introduction and discussion of the development of foreign news documentaries prompted China filmmakers to pay attention to news documentaries, and anthropological documentaries began to appear.

Since 192 1, state-funded film companies have mushroomed, and these companies often started with news documentaries. In the 1920s, about 20 companies produced 100 news documentaries. Compared with the past, not only the number of films has increased, but also many films have not only scanned the scenery of travel or novels, but also focused on major social events, which made news documentaries get rid of their humble status and gain the attention of the upper class. The film companies that produced the most news documentaries in this period were Minxin Film Company, Star Film Company and Great Wall Film Company, among which Minxin Film Company made the most outstanding contribution to China news documentaries in the 1920s.

Li Minwei, the founder of Minxin Film Company, is the first important figure in the history of China documentary. 19 13 years, when he founded and presided over our mirror drama club in Hong Kong, he filmed the feature film "Zhuangzi tries his wife". Because it is the first film in Hong Kong, he is known as "the father of Hong Kong films". Unlike most movie merchants who used movies as entertainment or money-making tools at that time, Li Minwei believed that movies could not only entertain people, but also change customs, assist education and improve society. He clearly put forward the slogan of "saving the country through movies", and shot a large number of news documentaries showing Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary activities when China's film industry was far away from the China Revolution.

1921May 5, Sun Yat-sen took office as a very big president in Guangzhou, and Li Minwei filmed the news film Sun Yat-sen as a big president. 1924 1, during the first National Congress of the Chinese Nationalist Party held in Guangzhou, he personally worked as a photographer to shoot related news films. Since then, he has filmed Sun Yat-sen's opening ceremony for Yunnan Military Cadre School, Sun Yat-sen's going north, Marshal Sun's inspection of Guangdong Armed Police and Industrial and Commercial Group, and Marshal Sun's inspection of Beijiang River in Guangdong Province. After Sun Yat-sen's death, he filmed the news documentaries "Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Funeral and Mourning Ceremony" (1925) and "The Foundation of Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum" (1926). Later, he organized his previous films into a large-scale documentary "Battle of the National Revolutionary Army by Sea, Land and Air" (1927), and re-edited the audio version of this film at 194 1 and named it "The Achievements of a Thousand Years". Other news documentaries filmed by Li Minwei in the 1920s include: World Women's Day (1924), Mourning Doctor Wu and China's Funeral (1924) and Guangdong Provincial Games (1925).

Due to the important influence of Sun Yat-sen and the Northern Expedition led by him at that time, some film companies filmed relevant news documentaries, such as The Foundation of Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum by Great Wall Film Company (1926), The Northern Expedition Completed by Greater China Lily Film Company (1927), and Safety by Premier (1927). Minsheng Film Company's History of the Northern Expedition (1927), Novelty Film Company's History of the Revolutionary Army's Northern Expedition (1927), Sanmin Film Company's History of the Revolutionary Army (1927), Shanghai Film Company's Recovering Shanghai (65438

Compared with the past, the news documentaries in the 1920s were much richer in content. In addition to the Northern Expedition, there are news films reflecting the anti-imperialist patriotic movement on May 30, 1925, the Shanghai citizens' meeting on May 30, the red current affairs exhibition all over the sky, and news documentaries reflecting other major social events at that time, such as the recovery of Shanghai (1928). Some films record the activities of famous people, such as Sun, Lv Xiangting, Wu and Wu. 1922, the star company filmed a number of news documentaries in the year of its establishment, such as the Shanghai-Taiwan long-distance bus parade, the patriotic East Asian Games, the Xu funeral, the Scout Federation of Jiangsu Province, and the World Business Group exercise.

Almost all foreigners who came to China to film in the early days came from capitalist countries. In the mid-1920s, the arrival of two Soviet filmmakers changed this situation. They came to China to shoot two news documentaries: The Great Flight and Civil War in China (1925, directed by B·A· Sneijilov), which reflected the first flight of the Soviet self-made aircraft expedition from Moscow to China, Shanghai Chronicle (6544).

In the 1920s, anthropological documentaries appeared in China. It is said that Sven Hedin, a Swedish explorer, was the first foreigner to make an anthropological documentary in China. From 1927, he led a joint investigation team including students from Peking University to investigate the northwest of China for 8 years, and took a lot of touching images. Swedish archaeologist J·G· An Tesheng also came to China in the 1920s, and recorded what he saw and heard in the north and northwest of China with movies, reflecting the local customs, cultural relics, archaeology, folk houses, costumes and so on.

*

Chapter III Prosperity of Anti-Japanese Documentary (1931-1945)

After more than 20 years of practice, China news documentary has made initial development. At the end of the 20th century and the beginning of 1930s, the appearance of audio movies made the means of expression of news documentaries tend to be perfect. The Kuomintang government paid more and more attention to the role of news documentaries, not only strengthened the use and control of private film companies, but also established government-run film companies. In 1930s, China * * * production party realized the great influence of news documentary, set up its own film organization under difficult conditions, and began to shoot news documentary. In order to cooperate with the war of aggression against China, Japanese imperialism developed from sending people to China to shoot news documentaries to establishing film companies in China, and even attempted to control the film industry in China. During this period, film institutions from other countries also sent people to China to shoot films, which reported the anti-Japanese war activities of China people to the world.

From 193 1 to 1937, the main shooting subject of anti-Japanese news documentaries is private film companies. After the September 18th Incident and the December 28th Incident, many film companies in Shanghai realized the significance of filming news documentaries about the Anti-Japanese War, and sent film crews to the battlefield one after another to shoot films, such as "Star Bloody War Against Japan", "The 19th Route Army Bloody War Against Japan", "Battle of Songhu", "The History of the Anti-Japanese War of Lianhua 19th Route Army", "The Story of Sudden Japanese Disasters in Shanghai" and "The Memorial Service for Anti-Japanese Soldiers in Shanghai". Small and medium-sized companies have also made anti-Japanese news documentaries, such as The Glorious History of the 19th Route Army (Huimin Film Company), The History of Shanghai's Bloody War Against the Enemy (Asian Film Company), The Blood of Songhu (Jinan Film Company), The History of Shanghai's Bloody War Against Japan (Hui Chong Film Company) and The History of China's Bloody War (Xifan Film Company). These films were all shot in 1932, among which The Battle of Shanghai by the star and The History of the 19th Route Army's Anti-Japanese War by Lotus are two rich films.

1932 After the Battle of Songhu in May, some film companies and individuals went to the northern battlefield to continue filming anti-Japanese news documentaries. Reflecting the northeast battlefield are the History of the Northeast Volunteers' War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression by Nine Planetary Film Companies (1932), the History of the Northeast Volunteers' War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression by Jinan Film Company (1932) and the Diary of the Northeast Volunteers' War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression by Liaoji Black Support Association (1933). Reflect the battlefield of Jehol: Ji 'nan Film Company (1934), Hui Chong Film Company (1934), Zhang Hanchen (1934), Guan Yu and the Great Wall (65438) reflect Suiyuan battlefield: Suimeng front (/).

1937 After the outbreak of the All-round Anti-Japanese War, the main institutions for the Kuomintang to shoot anti-Japanese news documentaries were the Central Film Studio (hereinafter referred to as "CLP") and the China Film Studio (hereinafter referred to as "China Film"), and a semi-official film company, namely Northwest Film Company, the local governor of the Kuomintang (1938).

From the establishment of 1934 to the July 7th Incident, CLP produced 53 issues of China News and several military education films. These films mainly reported the official activities of the Kuomintang government, and many of them were propaganda films against * * * *, such as "The War between Youth and the Red Army" and "The Central Propaganda Brigade Against Bandits". After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, due to the cooperation between the two parties in the Anti-Japanese War, CLP temporarily changed its strategy of filming anti-Japanese films. At the same time of filming China News, I began to shoot a magazine film A Record of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. The former mainly reported the development in the rear and the activities of Kuomintang politicians, while the latter mainly recorded the situation of Kuomintang troops fighting in the front line in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. After the August 13th Incident, CLP moved from Nanjing to Wuhu, and moved to Chongqing at the beginning of 1938. It mainly filmed news films, such as Eastern Battlefield, Recovering Taierzhuang, Anti-Japanese War in September, and Active Western Front, which showed our army's resistance to Japanese invaders in the frontal battlefield. 1939 CLP filmed Prelude to Victory and two films recording the bombing in Chongqing.

Ciic was founded in Wuhan, 1938. Its predecessor was the film unit under Nanchang Hangying Political Training Institute, and it was the military organization of the Kuomintang in Jiangxi, 1935. Mainly shooting anti-* * news documentaries and editing them in movie news. Before the Anti-Japanese War, more than 30 films were made. After the film unit moved to Wuhan, it was renamed as "Hankou Film Studio", and after reorganization and expansion, it was renamed as China Film Studio. Under the influence of China's anti-Japanese national United front policy, the "home-made" system in Wuhan period became an important base for making anti-Japanese news documentaries, and the films were edited into "Special Anti-Japanese War". 1938 Before the fall of Wuhan in September, the "China System" was moved from Wuhan to Chongqing. Starting from 1939, the news and film department was added, and Zheng was in charge. When he was in charge of the news film department, he made a large-scale documentary "Long Live the Nation", reporting the deeds of people of all ethnic groups in the northwest and southwest supporting War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and their customs and religious activities. Among them, compatriots of Mongolian, Tibetan, Hui and other ethnic groups donated food for the soldiers ahead, and the scene of Miao compatriots cutting mountains and building roads in the mountains was very touching. After 1939, due to Chiang Kai-shek's repeated anti-Japanese climax and his passive anti-Japanese and active anti-Japanese policies, the production of anti-Japanese war news documentaries was blocked in various ways, and the progressive forces of "Chinese power" were persecuted. On the eve of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Cyndi Luo brought the news documentary material made in China to the United States, and co-edited the documentary The Battle of China (one of the seven documentaries of Why We Fight directed by capra).

After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Hong Kong film industry began to produce news documentaries about War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. Among the nearly 100 anti-Japanese war films shot in Hong Kong, there are as many as 15 news documentaries, and five films are over 8,000 feet long. The first large-scale anti-Japanese war news documentary filmed in Hong Kong was "Guangzhou Anti-Japanese War" (1937) filmed by Daguan Film Company, which told the mobilization of people from all walks of life in Guangzhou. Later, Defending South China by Greater China Film Company, A Bloody Battle in Northwest China by Aiqun Film Company, South China Lighthouse by China News Agency, A Bloody Battle in Xiamen by Jianhua Film Company, A Commemorative History of the August 13th Anti-Japanese War by North China News Agency, A Record of the Anti-Japanese War edited and published by international film companies, the Eighth Route Army's attack on Pingxingguan and the Hong Kong Youth Photography Group appeared.

From 193 1 to 1945, shooting anti-Japanese news documentaries is the knowledge of most Japanese filmmakers and has become the mainstream of news documentaries. Many institutions or individuals have made films on this subject. Another phenomenon that can't be ignored is that news documentaries showing other contents have also developed by leaps and bounds during this period, such as scenery films (Wan Li Great Wall,1931; Mysterious Tibet, 1935), sports movies (Chinese and foreign football matches,1931; The 6th National Games (1935), Documentary of Chinese Opera (Shiro visits his mother (1933); The Sutra Cutting Hall, 1937), social news film (Yang Hucheng military parade,1934; The news of Ruan's death,1935; Lu Xun's death, 1936), corporate documentary (China silk,1932; Zhushao Section Project of Guangdong-Han Railway,1935; Passenger and freight transport equipment and scenery on Ji Jiao Road, 1935), family documentary (The man with the camera, 1934, directed by Liu Naou). The above list is only a part of the films made in the 1930s, and the number of these films is more after the 40s.

Educational films used to be one of the five major films in the film and television department of the Commercial Press, which gained great development in the 1930s and 1940s. In 1930s, China Educational Film Association, Nanjing Jinling University and Shanghai Educational Film Promotion Office were keen on making educational films. Most of the films were shot by Professor Sun from the School of Science of Nanjing Jinling University. 1937 In the spring and summer, he arrived in Beiping from Nanjing via Jiangsu, Shandong and Hebei, and went to Shanxi, Chahar and Suiyuan with the northwest investigation team, shooting dozens of films along the way. It is particularly worth mentioning that his film "Spring of Farmers" participated in the 1937 Brussels World Expo and won the third prize in the International Rural Film Competition. This is the first time that a China documentary has participated in an international film competition and won an award.

*

Chapter IV The Rise of People's Documentary (1938-1949)

In the contemporary history of China, the concept of people has different connotations in different periods. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, those who advocated anti-Japanese belonged to the people's category; During the War of Liberation, all those who advocated opposing imperialism, the bureaucratic bourgeoisie, the landlord class and representing the Kuomintang reactionaries belonged to the people. The people's film industry was established and grew up under the leadership of China's * * * Production Party in the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, in close coordination with the central task of the Party. People's films began with news documentaries, and most of the films made by War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the Liberation War were news documentaries.

People's Documentary was born in the bonfire of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. 1937 After the outbreak of the all-round War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Yan 'an, where the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is located, became a world-famous place, and a large number of literary and art workers with enthusiasm for resisting Japan and saving the nation came here. China * * * Production Party has always attached great importance to the propaganda and education function of movies, but during the Second Revolutionary Civil War and the Long March of the Red Army, due to the lack of necessary conditions, it failed to establish its own film organization, and Yan 'an Film Group was not established until 1938. At first, Yuan presided over the creative activities of the film troupe. He started shooting a large-scale documentary Yan 'an and the Eighth Route Army under the condition of insufficient manpower and poor equipment. Although the film was not finished, we can see from the shooting situation at that time and the overall thinking of the director that it was a magnificent film.

While working in Wu Yinxian, Yan 'an Film Art Troupe filmed the Spiritual Mobilization Meeting of the Third Division of the Jinchaji Military Region, Commander Nie inspected the Self-Defense Forces, Jinchaji Military Region bid farewell to joining the army, New Great Wall Newspaper, Weaving Factory Behind Enemy Lines, Tangxian Youth Cooperative, Doctor Bethune and other news materials. 1942, Yan' an film group filmed another documentary "Combination of Production and War" (namely "Nanniwan") reflecting the reclamation and production of the 359th Brigade of the Eighth Route Army120th Division in Nanniwan. Since then, under extremely difficult conditions, the Film Art Troupe has filmed news materials such as Comrade Mao Zedong at the Yan 'an Forum on Literature and Art (1942) and the Seventh National Congress of the China * * * Production Party (1945). Although these newsreels and materials are few in number, they have played a role in promoting and encouraging newsreels.

Before and after the filming activities of Yan 'an Film Art Troupe, many foreign journalists came to northern Shaanxi and filmed news documentaries and materials showing Yan 'an life. For example, when American journalist edgar snow visited Yan 'an in 1936, American photographer Harry Dunham filmed the documentary China Will Fight Back (1938), and Soviet photographer roman kalman filmed the documentaries China in Battle and In China. During the filming of "Forty Million People" (1938) in China, the Dutch director joris ivens presented a camera and several thousands of feet films to Yan 'an Film Troupe through the Wuhan office of the Eighth Route Army.

During the period of 1945, news documentaries were also filmed in the New Fourth Army and the anti-Japanese base areas in Central China. The New Fourth Army filmed the news film "Memorial Service for Teachers Peng Xuefeng" and the documentary "The Cavalry Corps of the New Fourth Army" and "Army Life of the New Fourth Army". In addition to filming activities, the New Fourth Army also carried out film screening activities to serve the soldiers and the masses. The film activities of the New Fourth Army once again show the importance and care of the producers in China. Under the extremely difficult conditions at that time, the scale of these activities was still very small, but the results achieved were precious.

People's documentaries grew up in the baptism of the war of liberation. After the war of liberation began, the people's documentary industry developed to a new stage, marked by Yan 'an Film Studio and Northeast Film Studio established by 1946. As all the staff of Yan 'an Film Troupe went to the northeast to receive puppet film institutions, all the staff of Yan 'an Film Studio were re-equipped. After trying to make the feature film "Labor Heroes in the Border Region" (unfinished), they quickly turned to the production of news documentaries and filmed the news material "Defending Yan 'an and Defending the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region". 1947 10 the northwest film engineering team established after Yan' an film studio has continuously brought new blood to the people's film industry.

When the Northeast Film Studio was founded, there were less than 200 people. By May of 1949, it had grown to 983 people. Before and after the founding of the People's Republic of China, due to the establishment of film studios all over the country, cadres were transferred from Dongying, so Dongying was called "the cradle of new China films". At the beginning of its establishment, Dongying decided to focus on making news documentaries. From the beginning of 1947 to July of 1949, Dongying sent 32 photography teams to all parts of Northeast China, and filmed more than 300,000 feet of news documentary film materials about the Northeast Liberation War, which were compiled into 17 magazine film "Democratic Northeast" (of which 13 series were news documentaries). During the whole war of liberation and the battle to recover territory in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Dongying and Beiying sent more than 70 photographic teams to the whole country (another way of saying it is 10 1), which recorded the great battle of the People's Liberation Army to liberate all of China. Some photographers gave their young lives for this, such as excellent photographers Zhang Shaoke, Yang and Wang Jing 'an, who died heroically in the battle of Yixian in the periphery of Jinzhou in September/948, and in the battle of Liputun in the west of Shenyang in October 165438/Kloc-0.

1in the spring of 949, Qian led more than 40 people from Dongying News Film Group to enter the customs in early April and participated in the establishment of Beiping Film Studio. Since then, the news documentary production of Dongying and North China film teams has been transferred to Beiying. North China Film Team is the abbreviation of the film team of the Political Department of the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Military Region established by 1946. Known as the "Cart Film Studio" galloping in the Central Hebei Plain, he filmed the No.1 1 issue of North China News. 1947165438+10 After the liberation of Shijiazhuang in October, the North China Film Team had a fixed venue in Shijiazhuang, set up the Shijiazhuang Film Studio and filmed No.3 of North China News. With the establishment of Beiying, Shijiazhuang Film Studio completed its historical mission, and most of its staff participated in the construction of Beiying.

According to the instructions of the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee about "making news documentaries first, then making feature films", Beiying quickly set off a craze for making news documentaries. From April 20th, 1949 to June 30th, 1949, 10, five short documentaries were produced (commander-in-chief, Chairman Mao, and Commander Zhu Liping parade, and the preparatory meeting of the new CPPCC was established). Among them, the long documentary "Millions of Heroes Down Jiangnan" includes crossing the river, liberating Nanjing, Shanghai, Hangzhou, the Kuomintang naval uprising, and the People's Liberation Army's continued southward movement, which was greatly welcomed by the audience and highly praised by public opinion. 1August, 949, with the convening of the "news film work summary meeting", the people's news documentary is about to enter a new era.