If the stroke length of vertical machining center is x: x:1000 mm y: 500 mm z: 600 mm z: 600 mm, the stroke of each axis can be found in the parameter 1320, and the soft limit is usually reduced by1-2 mm.
A, absolute encoder:
The x-y axis is usually based on the center of the table.
Take the X-axis as an example: finding the center of the workbench in the X direction is consistent with the X-axis stroke in theory, but it is not practical and needs to be adjusted. Moving from this center to the origin of the X-axis is the zero point of the X-axis. At the current position, find the parameter 18 15 X APZ and change 1 to 0.
Second, the block type:
The x-y axis is usually based on the center of the table.
Take the X-axis as an example: finding the center of the workbench in the X direction is consistent with the X-axis stroke in theory, but it is not practical and needs to be adjusted. Moving from this center to the origin of the X-axis is the zero point of the X-axis. Don't move in the current position. = "Adjust the contacts of the origin stop and the origin induction switch, and observe the X signal of the induction switch at the same time. Once it becomes 1, stop the adjustment. Initially lock the diaphragm, move the X axis, and then return to the original point again. After returning to the origin, use the handwheel to move at the magnification of 10, and check the contact between the stop of the origin and the induction switch, and the error should be controlled within half a pitch.
The Z-axis reference is the distance from the spindle end face to the workbench, which usually depends on the initial setting parameters of the machine tool, generally around 150mm, and then the whole stroke is the Z-axis origin. The method can be adjusted according to XY. It must be noted that if there is a tool changing device, the change of Z-axis position may affect the accuracy of tool changing, remember.
Finally, in either way, the reference position of each axis should be checked after adjustment to prevent deviation from causing collision.
The following is the information of the net I chose, which is very detailed. If it is not a machine tool manufacturer, it is for reference only.
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Setting of reference points: The working principle, adjustment and setting methods of reference points of Fanuc, Mitsubishi and Siemens are introduced in detail, and the fault phenomena and solutions of reference points are illustrated with examples.
Keywords: relative position detection system of reference point absolute position detection system
When the NC machine tool replaces or dismantles the motor or encoder, the machine tool will have an alarm message: the absolute position data of the machine in the encoder is lost, or the machine tool finds that the reference point is different from that before replacement after returning to the reference point, which requires us to reset the reference point, so it is necessary for us to understand the working principle of the reference point.
The reference point refers to the point where the machine is located when the manual reference point regression or G28 instruction of the machining program is executed, which is also called the origin or zero point. Each machine tool has a reference point, and multiple reference points can be set as required for automatic tool change (ATC) and automatic pallet change (APC). The point where G28 instruction performs fast reset is called the first reference point (origin), and the point where G30 instruction performs fast reset is called the second, third or fourth reference point, which is also called the return floating reference point. The point determined by the grid signal or the zero mark signal sent by the encoder is called the electrical origin. The mechanical origin is the reference point of the basic mechanical coordinate system. Once the mechanical parts are assembled, the mechanical reference point is established. In order to make the electrical origin coincide with the mechanical origin, a parameter will be used for setting, and this coincidence point is the origin of the machine tool.
The position detection system equipped with machine tools generally includes relative position detection system and absolute position detection system. Because the position data of the relative position detection system will be lost after the machine tool is turned off, it needs to return to zero every time the machine tool is turned on before it can be put into processing operation. Generally, stop zero regression (now machining center) is adopted. The absolute position detection system can detect the movement of the machine tool even when the power supply is cut off, so it is not necessary to return to the original point every time the machine tool is turned on. Because the position data will not be lost after shutdown, and the absolute position detection function can check all kinds of data, such as mutual check of detector feedback, absolute position check of mechanical fixed points, etc., the reliability is high. When the absolute position detector is replaced or lost, the reference point should be set, and the absolute position detection system generally adopts non-stop zero regression.
1. Reference point regression method using relative position detection system;
1, Fanuc system:
1), working principle:
When returning to the reference point of the machine tool manually or automatically, firstly, the return shaft moves rapidly in the forward direction, and when the stopper touches the reference point proximity switch, it starts to decelerate. When the brake leaves the reference point and approaches the switch, it continues to move at FL speed. When it reaches the zero position relative to the encoder, the regression motor stops and uses this zero position as the reference point of the machine tool.
2) Relevant parameters:
Parameter content system 0i/16i/18i/21i0.
How all axes return to the reference point: 0. Stop, 1. No stop, 1002. 10076.
How each axis returns to the reference point: 0. Stop, 1. No stop, 1005. 1039 1.
The capacity of each axis reference counter is18210570 ~ 0575 7570 7571.
The grid offset of each axis is1850 0508 ~ 05110640 0642 7508 7509.
Whether to use absolute pulse encoder as position detector: 0. No, 1 Yes,1815.5001.7021.
Setting of origin position of absolute pulse encoder: 0. Not true, 1. Established 18 15. 40022 7022.
Type of position detection: 0. Built-in pulse encoder, 1. Independent encoder, linear scale1815.10037 7037.
Fast feed acceleration and deceleration time constant 1620 0522
Fast feed speed14200518 ~ 0521
FL speed 1425 0534
Manual fast feed speed 1424 0559 ~ 0562
Servo loop gain 1825 05 17
3), setting method:
First, set the parameters:
Mode of all axes returning to reference points = 0; retainer
The way of each axis returning to the reference point = 0; retainer
Setting the reference counter capacity of each axis according to the number of feedback pulses per revolution of the motor;
Whether to use absolute pulse encoder as position detector = 0; breakdown
Absolute pulse encoder origin position setting = 0;
Location detection usage type = 0; Built-in pulse encoder
The acceleration and deceleration time constant of fast feed 1620, fast feed speed 1420, FL speed 1425, manual fast feed speed 1424, and servo loop gain 1825 are set according to the actual situation.
B. Restart the machine tool and return to the reference point.
C, because the reference point of the machine tool is different from that before setting, readjust the grid offset of each axis.
4), fault examples:
When the 0i-B machine tool manually returns to the X-axis reference point, a 90 alarm appears (the position of the reference point is abnormal).
A, the machine tool returns to the reference point again, and observes the movement of the X axis. It is found that the X axis does not move fast at first, but the speed is very slow.
B, detection and diagnosis number #300, <128;
D, check the manual fast-forward parameter 1424 and set it correctly;
E. check the signals of speed switch ROV 1 and ROV2, and find that the speed switch is broken, and the machine tool is normal after replacement.
2. Mitsubishi system:
1) working principle:
After turning on the power supply, the machine tool returns to the reference point for the first time, and the machine tool moves quickly. When the test switch of the reference point stops near the reference point, the machine slows down and stops. Then, after stopping at the reference point, the machine slowly moves to the position of the first grid point, which is the reference point. Before returning to the reference point, if the reference point offset parameter is set, the machine will move forward after reaching the first grid point and move to the offset point, taking this point as the reference point.
2) Relevant parameters:
Parameter content system M60 M64
Fast feed speed 2025
Slow 2026
Reference point offset 2027
Number of grid coverage 2028
Grid spacing 2029
Reference point regression direction 2030
3), setting method:
First, set the parameters:
Reference point offset = 0
Grid coverage quantity = 0
Grid spacing = the fast feed speed, slow feed speed and reference point regression direction of the ball screw are set according to the actual situation.
B, restart the power supply and return to the reference point.
C, at | alarm/diagnosis |→| servo |→| servo monitoring (2)|, counting grid interval and grid number.
D, calculating the grid coverage:
When the gate spacing is /2
When the gate spacing is /2 >; Number of grids, number of grids covered = number of grids+grid interval /2.
E, setting the calculated values into the grid coverage parameters.
F, restart the power supply and return to the reference point again.
G, repeat the process of c and d, check whether the set value of grid cover is correct, or reset it.
H, according to the need, set the reference point offset.
4), fault examples:
When the Z axis returns to the reference point, there is an over-travel alarm in the drilling center of Mitsubishi M64.
A, check the reference point detection switch signal, which can change from "0" to "1"when moving to the reference point stop position;
B, check the grid coverage parameters (2028), which are normal;
Check the reference point offset parameter (2027), which is normal;
Check the regression direction parameters of the reference point (2030) and check with other machine tools of the same model, and find that it has changed from "1" in the opposite direction to "0" in the same direction. After calibration, restart the reference point, which is normal.
3, Siemens system:
1), working principle:
When the machine tool returns to the reference point, the regression axis quickly moves to the position of the reference point file block at Vc speed. When the reference point switch touches the stop point, it starts to slow down and stop, then moves in the opposite direction, exits the reference point stop position, and moves at Vm speed. When the first zero pulse is found, it moves the Rv reference point at Vp speed and stops, so this point is regarded as.
2) Relevant parameters:
Parameter content system 802D/8 10D/840D.
Return to the reference point direction MD340 10
Find the reference point switching speed (Vc)MD34020
Looking for Zero Pulse Velocity (Vm)MD34040
Looking for zero pulse direction MD34050
Positioning speed (Vp)MD34070
Reference point offset (Rv)MD34080
Reference point setting position (Rk)MD34 100
3. Setting method:
First, set the parameters:
According to the installation direction of the stop, set the direction parameters of returning to the reference point and finding the zero pulse.
When setting the switching speed (Vc) parameter for finding the reference point, it is required that the coordinate axis can stop at the stop point and not cross the stop point when it slows down to "0" after hitting the stop point at this speed;
Reference point offset (Rv) parameter = 0
B. Restart the machine tool and return to the reference point.
C, because the reference point of the machine tool is different from that before setting, readjust the reference point offset (Rv) parameter.
4. Fault examples:
For Siemens 8 10D system, the return position of machine tool reference point is inconsistent every time. Step by step check from the following items:
A, servo module control signal contact is poor;
B, motor and mechanical coupling is loose;
C, parameter point switch or stop is loose;
D, the parameter setting is incorrect;
е, the position encoder power supply voltage is not less than 4.8V；;
F, position encoder is faulty;
G, position encoder feedback line interference;
Finally, it is found that the reference point stops loosening. After tightening the screws, try the machine again and troubleshoot.
2. Absolute position detection system:
1.Fanuc system:
1), working principle: the reference point regression of the absolute position detection system is relatively simple. Just press any direction key in the reference point mode, and the control shaft runs in the initial setting direction of the reference point gap. After finding the first grid point, set this point as the reference point.
2) Relevant parameters:
Parameter content system 0i/16i/18i/21i0.
How all axes return to the reference point: 0. Stop, 1. No stop, 1002.438+00076.
How each axis returns to the reference point: 0. Stop, 1. Non-stop, 1005. 109 1.
The capacity of each axis reference counter is18210570 ~ 0575 7570 7571.
The grid offset of each axis is18500508 ~ 05110640 0642 7508 7509.
Whether to use absolute pulse encoder as position detector: 0. No, 1 Yes,1815.501.7021.
Setting of origin position of absolute pulse encoder: 0. Not true, 1. +08 15 has been established. 58686 . 88888886866
Type of position detection: 0. Built-in pulse encoder, 1. Independent encoder, linear scale1815.10037 7037.
Fast feed acceleration and deceleration time constant 16200522
Fast feed speed14200518 ~ 0521
FL speed 14250534
Manual fast feed speed 14240559 ~ 0562
Servo loop gain 182505 17
Return to the initial direction of reference point gap 0. Positive 1. Negative 10060003 7003 0066.
3), setting method:
First, set the parameters:
Mode of all axes returning to reference points = 0;
The way of each axis returning to the reference point = 0;
Setting the reference counter capacity of each axis according to the number of feedback pulses per revolution of the motor;
Whether to use absolute pulse encoder as position detector = 0;
Absolute pulse encoder origin position setting = 0;
Location detection usage type = 0;
Set the fast-forward acceleration and deceleration time constant, fast-forward speed, FL speed, manual fast-forward speed and servo loop gain according to the actual situation;
B, restart the machine tool and manually return to the vicinity of the reference point;
C, whether to use absolute pulse encoder as position detector =1;
Setting of the origin position of the absolute pulse encoder =1;
E, restart the machine tool;
F, because the reference point of the machine tool is different from that before setting, readjust the grid offset of each axis.
2. Mitsubishi system (taking M60 and M64 as examples):
1), mechanical bumps:
A. setting parameters: # 2049. = 1 No stopping in mechanical bump mode;
#2054 Current limiting;
B, select the "Absolute Position Setting" screen, and select handwheel or inching mode (automatic initialization mode can also be selected);
C. On the screen of Absolute Position Setting, select Touchable Pressure;
D, #0 absolute position setting = 1, #2 origin setting: set the coordinate values of the reference points according to the basic mechanical coordinates;
E, moving the control shaft, wherein when the control shaft touches the mechanical stop and reaches the limit current within a given time, the control shaft stops and moves in the opposite direction. If the handwheel or inching mode is selected in step b, the control shaft moves in the opposite direction to the first grid point, which is the electrical reference point; If the "automatic initialization" mode is selected in step b, the #2005 impact velocity parameter and the #2056 approach point value should be set in step a.. At this time, the control shaft moves reversely to the value of #2056 (approaching point) and then moves to the stop position of #2055 (impact speed) to reach the limit current within a given time.
G. restart the power supply.
2) No stop reference point mode adjustment:
A, setting parameters: # 2049 = 2 reference point non-stop adjustment mode;
# 2050 = 0 positive direction, = 1 negative direction;
B, select "Absolute Position Setting" screen, and select handwheel or inching mode;
C, in the "Absolute Position Setting" screen, select the "No Touch Pressure" mode;
D, #0 absolute position setting = 1, #2 origin setting: set the coordinate values of the reference points according to the basic mechanical coordinates;
E, move the control shaft near the reference point.
F, # 1 = 1, controls the axial movement in the setting direction of #2050, and stops when it reaches the first grid point, which is set as the electrical reference point.
G. restart the power supply.
3. Siemens system (taking 802D, 8 10D and 840D as examples):
1), debugging;
First, set the parameters:
MD34200=0。 Absolute encoder position setting;
MD342 10=0。 Initial state of absolute encoder;
B, select the "manual" mode and move the control shaft to the vicinity of the reference point;
C. Input parameter: MD34 100, coordinate position of machine tool;
D. activate the adjustment function of the absolute encoder: MD 342 10 = 1. Adjust the state of the absolute encoder;
E, press the machine tool reset key to make the machine tool parameters take effect;
F, returning the machine tool to the reference point;
G. If the machine tool does not move, the system automatically sets the parameter: 34090. Reference point offset; 342 10. The absolute encoder has been set, and the position displayed on the screen is the setting position of MD34 100.
2) Relevant parameters:
Parameter content system 802d.810d.840d.
Parameter point offset 34090
Machine tool coordinate position 34 100
Absolute encoder position setting 34200
The initial state of the absolute encoder; 0. Initial 1. Adjustment 2. Setup completed 342 10.
In the reference point regression of the relative position detection system, after the first reference point regression of the machine tool, when the manual reference point regression or the G28 instruction of the machining program is executed, the machine tool moves to the reference point stop position without slowing down, but continues to locate to the reference point stored in the memory at high speed. When downloading the PCL program, the position of the reference point will be lost. After PCL debugging is completed, the reference point regression setting of absolute encoder will be debugged.