The word "gymnastics" comes from Greek, which means "shirtless exercise". It is said that the ancient Greeks were naked when practicing. As early as the 5th century BC, the Greeks referred to all physical exercise activities, such as walking, running, jumping, throwing, wrestling, dancing, horseback riding and military games, as gymnastics. This concept has been used until the end of 19 and the beginning of the 20th century. Due to the development of sports and the in-depth study and scientific division of the structure, function and value of various sports by physiologists, doctors and athletes, gymnastics, which was originally the general term of sports, has gradually evolved into an independent sport with the current concept.
Classification and content of gymnastics
(A) basic gymnastics
Basic gymnastics is rich in content and simple in form. Not limited by more conditions, wide quality. With strong pertinence, it is used to exercise some parts of the body and promote the all-round development of the body. It is the most basic content in gymnastics.
1 queue training: it is an important content and necessary form in sports and military training. Queue practice refers to the action of a single person coordinating the implementation of passwords in a certain formation of classes (teams). Formation practice refers to changing the figure and formation on the basis of queue practice. The two complement each other.
2 unarmed gymnastics: it is a kind of unarmed exercise, which is a single, single and complete set of movements composed of various parts of the body. Its form is simple, its movements are changeable, it is not limited by body, venue, equipment and climatic conditions, and the amount of exercise is easy to adjust, which is suitable for all ages. This is a sport that takes less time and is easy to carry out. Regular exercise can promote the normal development of the body, develop a good posture, enhance the functions of the central nervous system, bones, muscles, ligaments and internal organs, promote blood circulation, strengthen material metabolism, prevent diseases, cheer up, and develop physical qualities such as agility, strength and flexibility.
Light equipment gymnastics: based on unarmed gymnastics, gymnastics is carried out with light equipment such as gymnastics sticks, solid balls, dumbbells, skipping ropes and sandbags. According to the characteristics of different musical instruments, we can change the coordination between musical instruments and all aspects of the body and change the difficulty of practice; And make full use of the conditions of different instruments to form multimedia exercise forms such as restriction, support, suspension and load bearing. Thereby enhancing the flexibility and flexibility of each joint and the control ability of sexual muscles; Cultivate correct body posture and improve the coordination and interest of practice.
Special equipment gymnastics: refers to gymnastics stool, ribs,
Gymnastics exercises on climbing ropes (poles) and other equipment. It is characterized by making full use of different heights and exercises of musical instruments to change the influence of movements on the body; Increase the load and auxiliary conditions (auxiliary equipment and double players) to improve the practice intensity. Therefore, it has a good effect on strengthening muscle strength and speed, improving ligament flexibility and climbing ability, correcting body posture and cultivating brave and tenacious spirit.
Bodybuilding gymnastics: On the basis of unarmed gymnastics, light instrument gymnastics and special instrument gymnastics, it absorbs gymnastics and dance, especially the strong, cheerful movements and simple skill movements in modern dance. According to the characteristics of practitioners, in strict accordance with the requirements of the development of various parts of the body, organize exercises and practice with music accompaniment of different melodies in order to enhance people's physique, cultivate correct posture, shape beautiful figure and cultivate beautiful sentiment.
(2) Competitive gymnastics
Competitive gymnastics refers to a kind of gymnastics with the purpose of tapping the maximum physical ability of the human body and reaching the technical peak in the competition. It includes competitive gymnastics, acrobatic sports, rhythmic gymnastics and elastic net sports. Everyone has its own international organization, specific technical regulations, competition rules, scoring and scoring methods. Competitive gymnastics contains many difficult technical movements, which are highly coordinated, comprehensive, complex, accurate, thrilling and artistic. It puts forward higher requirements for people's physical fitness, technology and psychology, and is an advanced part of gymnastics.
1 competitive gymnastics: Generally speaking, gymnastics competition is competitive gymnastics competition. Men have floor exercises, pommel horse, rings, vault, parallel bars and horizontal bars. Women have four events: vault, uneven bars, balance beam and floor exercise. The Olympic gymnastics competition is conducted according to the following three kinds of competitions. The first kind of competition is the team competition, which includes compulsory and optional movements. The second game-individual all-around final. The third kind of competition-individual individual final. The latter two games are better than optional movements. In the world gymnastics championships, there are only the first, second or third minutes, or all three minutes. The required movements of the world gymnastics competition are formulated by the Technical Committee of the International Gymnastics Federation. The prescribed actions of other competitions at different levels shall be formulated by or by the corresponding competition organizations. Grassroots mass gymnastics competitions can increase or decrease the competition content, events or diving equipment height according to the situation. It plays a very good role in improving the quality of human body and the flexibility of central nervous system and cultivating people's courage, tenacity and decisiveness.
Skill movements: including tumbling, somersault, somersault and other tumbling movements, as well as various throwing and balancing movements. There are seven events stipulated by the International Skills Federation, including women's singles, men's singles, women's doubles, men's doubles, mixed doubles, women's threes and men's fours. World Skills Championships and World Skills Cup are held in the following three kinds of competitions. The first kind of competition-preliminaries, do two sets of movements. The second game-the all-around final, do a set of joint routines. The third kind of competition-single set final, is divided into the first set of actions and the second set of actions final. The optional action competition is graded according to five factors: difficulty, organization, completion, impression and time to complete the action. Simple skills and sports equipment, especially single-player sports and simple "arhat modeling", are deeply loved by children and easy to popularize. You can practice on the grass, on the beach, on the straw pile and on the soft soil. It is a good means to develop strength, dexterity, reaction speed and spatial positioning ability, and also a good means to exercise the analyzer.
Rhythmic Gymnastics: Also called Rhythmic Gymnastics. It is a unique competition for women that fully embodies the characteristics of women. It is a kind of gymnastics with light equipment (rope, ring, ball, stick, belt, etc.). ) by hand or hand, accompanied by music and combined with dance movements. On the basis of the basic movements of ballet, it absorbed some appropriate movements such as modern dances from various countries and representative folk dances, unarmed gymnastics and acrobatics, and gradually developed into a unique competitive gymnastics project. International rhythmic gymnastics championships, including individual events and team events. Individual competition is divided into team competition, individual all-around competition and individual final; Team competitions are divided into team all-around and single-set finals, and all competitions can only choose their own actions. It plays a very good role in developing women's physical qualities, especially flexibility, dexterity and coordination, cultivating a sense of rhythm, improving musical literacy and expressive force, and shaping beautiful bodies.
4. Bouncing net action: Bouncing net was originally named trampoline. Bouncing net action refers to the action of completing various tumbling actions on an elastic rectangular bed net.