Rest environment for the elderly
The factors of family rest environment are:
Maintaining an appropriate indoor temperature not only makes the elderly feel comfortable and stable, but also helps the body to carry out metabolism and prevent diseases. The indoor temperature should be 18 ~ 20℃, and it can be relatively high (22 ~ 24℃) in summer to reduce the indoor and outdoor temperature difference. If the room temperature is too low, the elderly are prone to catch a cold; If the room temperature is too high, it is easy to make people tired and depressed. It should be pointed out that for the elderly with chronic respiratory diseases, too high room temperature is likely to make the elderly feel stuffy, have poor breathing and aggravate dyspnea. Cool room temperature and circulating air will make it easy for the elderly to exchange gases, increase blood oxygen concentration and improve breathing.
Humidity generally refers to the content of water in the air. The air humidity is high, and the evaporation of human body is weak, which inhibits sweating and makes people feel humid and sultry, and the elderly with cardiac insufficiency will feel suffocated. Because the evaporation of skin and breathing water decreases, the amount of urination increases, which increases the burden on the kidneys. When the air is too dry, the human body will evaporate a lot of water, causing discomfort such as dry skin, dry mouth and sore throat. In the elderly with respiratory diseases, dry air makes respiratory mucosa dry, and sputum is not easy to cough up, which increases the chance of lung infection and aggravates the condition. The optimum indoor humidity should be 50% ~ 60%. Proper humidity will make people feel refreshed and relaxed. In recent years, it is a good way for air humidifiers to enter the home. It is also effective to increase humidity by soil methods, such as sprinkling water on the ground, putting a sink on the heater, or putting wet towels. I suggest you buy a thermometer, master the temperature and humidity scientifically, and let it serve your health.
Ventilation Patients with pulmonary heart disease and respiratory failure must put their beds in the center of a ventilated room to feel that breathing is labor-saving. Similarly, fresh air is particularly important for elderly patients. Opening the window in the morning for ventilation can discharge indoor exhaust gas and make fresh air supplement. Generally, it takes 20~3 0 minutes to open the window to update the indoor air. For the elderly who are weak, they can temporarily go to other rooms during ventilation to avoid the stimulation of cold air. This can keep the indoor air fresh and not catch a cold.
Noise research shows that when the noise is 50~60 decibels, the average person will feel noisy. Most of the noise at home is caused by loud noise and excessive volume. Generally, old people like to be quiet. For the elderly with heart disease, quietness is a kind of treatment, and creating a quiet and elegant environment in the family is conducive to the elderly to recuperate.
Daylighting is the best room for the elderly, and indoor sunshine is particularly important for the elderly. When the sun shines, infrared rays are absorbed by the skin, which warms the deep tissues, dilates blood vessels, accelerates blood flow, improves the nutritional status of skin tissues and makes people feel comfortable. If you open the glass window and let the sun shine directly into the room, the ultraviolet rays in the sun also have disinfection and sterilization effects.
Old people should choose a hard bed, and it is best to sleep on a bed without a mattress. The height of the bed should be below the knee and the length of the calf. Too high or too low will bring inconvenience to the elderly and increase the chance of falling.
Family morning and evening care
Morning and evening care can make the elderly feel comfortable, happy and relaxed, which is conducive to the rehabilitation of diseases.
Exercise in bed: wake up in the morning, don't get up in a hurry, lie still in bed for more than ten minutes, and do necessary exercise in bed; Stretch one's limbs; Rub each other with your hands and move your knuckles; Then do "dry face washing" 20~30 times. These actions can make the elderly adapt to the physiological changes from sleep to awakening, so that the body has a relatively transitional stage, so that it will not fall down because of sudden dizziness, and it can also gradually change the frequency of breathing and heartbeat to avoid the recurrence of heart disease.
Toilet exercise: brushing teeth, gargling, washing face and combing hair are also very beneficial exercises for the elderly. When brushing your teeth, your upper limbs are active, so you should do it carefully. Cough exercise should be carried out after gargling to cough up phlegm in the respiratory tract. Cough without phlegm itself (even a few dry coughs) is beneficial to the expansion of alveoli and reduces the chance of lung infection. When washing your face, you can conveniently massage your face and increase the blood circulation of your face. On the one hand, combing hair can increase the blood circulation of scalp, improve scalp nutrition and prevent hair loss; On the other hand, combing the hair also exercises the lifting action of the upper limbs. Comb your hair with a blunt wooden comb 100 times every morning and evening, and alternate your hands, which is very beneficial to the health of the elderly.
Outdoor sports: Appropriate outdoor sports, such as walking, jogging, doing exercises and practicing all kinds of boxing are the means for the elderly to enhance their own quality and improve their resistance. Morning exercise also laid the foundation for a day's life and work.
Bath at night: Besides repeating a set of activities in the bathroom in the morning, conditional elderly people can also take a bath before going to bed, which can dilate blood vessels in the whole body, relax muscles, reduce blood supply to the head and help them fall asleep. For most elderly people who are physically inconvenient or have no bathing conditions, soaking their feet with warm water is also very beneficial to promoting health and sleep. Old people's families should prepare a plastic bucket, fill it with warm water to their knees, and soak it for 15~20 minutes before going to bed. People who can move should rub their lower limbs with their hands, so that the blood vessels in the lower limbs will expand, the muscles will relax, and the blood circulation in the whole body will be accelerated, which can relieve fatigue. That warm and relaxed feeling can promote rest and sleep.
In the concept of traditional Chinese medicine, the waist, legs and stomach are the most vulnerable places to cold evil. In winter, special attention should be paid to these places, especially to middle-aged and elderly people.
Belly: There is no muscle, fat and other packages around the belly, which makes it easy to catch cold. At the same time, the stomach will cramp and contract due to cold, which will reduce blood circulation and cause stomach pain, nausea and other symptoms. Therefore, we should pay attention to the warmth of the abdomen in winter, wear thick clothes and don't eat cold food.
Waist: The waist is the vital gate of the kidney. If the waist catches cold, it will easily lead to backache. Pay attention to increasing clothes in winter to prevent your back from catching cold. Old people can choose waist protectors, vests, vests and so on.
Legs: Many middle-aged and elderly people are stiff and sore because of cold joints. Pay attention to keep warm in winter, wear thick socks and shoes, wear knee pads when necessary, soak your feet every night, and give more acupoint massage to your feet.