1. Lithotripsy: Indications Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy has been widely used in clinic and achieved satisfactory results, especially for a single stone with a diameter of about 65438±0.5cm. With the mature experience of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, it has been used for the treatment of staghorn stones and some special stones, such as renal calyx stones, horseshoe kidney calculi stones and multiple large stones.

2. Open surgical treatment: New non-open surgical lithotomy techniques such as ureterorenoscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy have been widely used in clinic and achieved good results. For those who are ineffective or contraindicated by the above non-open surgery, drug therapy and extracorporeal ultrasonic lithotripsy, and some complex stones, such as staghorn stones, some multiple stones or stones with renal pelvis and calyceal cavity stenosis and severe obstruction, open surgery is still appropriate.

3. Exercise therapy for upper renal pole stones, upper ureteral stones and bladder stones: 15 minutes later, jump with both feet for more than 5 minutes, jump with one foot on the affected side of middle ureteral stones, and jump with one foot on the healthy side of lower ureteral stones. Kidney calculi in the middle pole: It is advisable to lie on the side, and take the supine position of the affected side. Calculi in lower renal pole and lower renal calyx: The above methods cannot be applied, and patients should often adopt handstand or hip-knee position (prone on the bed, with hips raised and head lowered).