As the main component of China's agricultural structure, corn has a wide range of uses in real life, such as aquaculture, food and industrial raw materials. Especially with the rapid development of China's social economy, the demand for corn is increasing gradually. In order to improve corn yield, we should pay attention to field management, standardize management methods and promote the improvement of corn yield and quality.
1 characteristics of maize germination stage, three-leaf stage and jointing stage 1 growth characteristics of maize germination stage Select healthy maize varieties and bury them in the soil. When the local temperature is kept at 10 ~ 12℃, normal germination usually takes only 4 ~ 6 days. At the same time, the selection of seed size and its planting depth have great influence on the healthy growth of seedlings. The seed block is large, and the internal structure stores more nutrients, which gives stable kinetic energy to the growth of seedlings, so that seedlings can thrive.
The germination rate of seeds is determined immediately after deep planting, and the seedlings that break ground early are stronger than those that break ground later. It was found that the average delay time of seedling stage was 1 day when the sowing depth increased by 2.5cm, and the seedlings were relatively poor.
1.2 Growth characteristics of maize at the three-leaf stage: when the leaves of the third part of the seedling are exposed from the leaf center for 2 ~ 3 cm, it belongs to the weaning stage of maize, and the three-leaf stage belongs to the first major turning point of maize planting. The daily life of corn seedlings has changed from self-sufficiency to daily life of absorbing soil nutrients, and they are not afraid of drought. Mild waterlogging will affect the healthy growth of maize, moderate and severe waterlogging may lead to lodging of seedlings, while mild drought is beneficial to the growth and rooting of maize seedlings.
1.3 Growth characteristics of maize at jointing stage. There are generally 6-8 leaves at jointing stage, which belongs to the outward flexion and extension of plants. At this stage, the growth cone of maize seedlings is rapidly elongated, and when you touch the plant, you can feel obvious stem nodes near the road surface, and the total length of stem nodes is 2-3 cm. Because the roots of plants are underdeveloped and the nutrients absorbed and produced are limited, they are mainly used for the growth of roots and leaves and the division of stem nodes, so the whole seedling feels slow to grow, and the characteristics of jointing stage and trilobal stage are the same, and they are afraid of waterlogging and drought.
2. The growth and field management of maize plants at the big bell mouth stage and tasseling stage showed that most of the three leaves of the stick came out, but not all of them, and some plants had tassels. In the meantime, it is necessary to do a good job in site management. In order to increase the total number of particulate matter in the female ear, ensure the supply of corn nutrition and improve the probability of photosynthesis, it is necessary to ensure the supply of corn nutrition and maintain the growth of leaves.
Irrigation and fertilization are also important measures to ensure the quality and yield of corn. Timely supply of chemical fertilizer can improve the nutrient content in the soil, and then meet the requirements of different growth stages of corn, which is of great practical significance to improve the edible value and oil production rate of corn. The moisture content in the soil will directly affect the growth of seedlings. Therefore, when there is a flood disaster on the surface, it is necessary to ensure the dryness of the soil and effectively control the irrigation water consumption.
The irrigation of corn should be treated in time according to the soil conditions in different areas to ensure the requirements of corn growth. Base fertilizer is a very important stage of maize fertilization. It is also necessary to adjust the variety and planting relative density of corn according to the supply of nutrients. At the same time, the differential growth of corn should be handled well, and the fertilization cycle time and dosage should be controlled in time.
On the other hand, weeds also need to be treated in time. Weeds are also a common disease. In the process of controlling weeds, ecological balance should also be maintained. A sound ecosystem plays a particularly important role in improving climate standards and regulating humidity. In the process of supervision, special attention should be paid to prevent continuous high temperature and water shortage in summer; It is also necessary to maintain Nemesis to complete ecological control.
In view of the use of herbicides, it is necessary to control the total amount to prevent a large number of weeds from dying and affecting the stability of the ecological micro-system. When the situation is feasible, it is necessary to use artificial weeding to treat protected weeds. Weeding can achieve the purpose of turning over soil, which plays an important role in improving soil environment and increasing soil permeability, thus improving yield and quality.
3 Field management technology of maize flowering and grain stage Corn needs a lot of nutrient support in the late growth stage, and growers need to take timely fertilization measures to increase the composition of nutrients in the soil of corn planting area, so as to ensure that corn can absorb the nutrients needed for its own growth, so as to grow healthily physically and mentally and achieve the purpose of increasing production.
If the soil where corn is planted is deficient in nutrition, diamide can be used as the main fertilizer source for corn growth and sprayed on the leaves, and at the same time, the concentration of 0.2% zinc sulfate solution is increased to 375 ~ 450 kg/hm2 in the corn field. After the first spraying, it takes a week to spray corn for the second time. In general, it is enough to spray corn twice in the late growth stage. Secondly, invalid spikes should be removed in time.
Usually, every corn seedling will have an ear, but with the continuous improvement of agricultural planting technology, so far, a corn can grow 3 ~ 5 ears. But for various reasons, some ears are likely to have no fruit. If it is not removed in time, it will not only consume nutrition, but also pose a threat to the healthy growth of other normal ears. Therefore, they must be removed as soon as possible to ensure the centralized supply of nutrients needed for corn growth, improve the actual yield of ears, and finally achieve the goal of increasing corn production.
Peeling the vertical stalk is beneficial to promote ripening, and the peeling time should not be too early. Removing the ear bud leaves for 2 ~ 3 days at the wax ripening stage will lead to premature shrinkage and wrinkle, which will affect the yield and quality. Peeling and airing the stalks 15 ~ 20 days, the corn can rain 10% ~ 14%, mature for 5 ~ 7 days, and the yield is 5% higher. After corn is perfect, it is necessary to choose a suitable time and do it quickly by equipment or manpower to prevent the seeds from being harvested in time due to the influence of rain and temperature, which will promote the moisture absorption and germination of corn and affect the economic benefits of growers.
Conclusion To sum up, by analyzing the growth characteristics of maize, appropriate field management techniques are selected, and targeted field management measures are taken according to the growth situation of maize, so as to promote the sustainable development of maize planting in China.