the first paragraph

Mencius met Liang. The king said, "You have come a long way, but will it benefit our country?"

Mencius said to him, "Why should you talk about profit? And benevolence and righteousness. Wang said,' Why is it good for our country'? The doctor said,' Why is it good for my family'? Shu Ren said,' Why is this good for me? It is dangerous for the state to pay taxes from top to bottom. If the country of a thousand riders kills its monarch, it will be the home of a thousand riders; A thousand times the country kills its king, then a hundred times the home. It's not too much to walk a thousand roads and a hundred roads. Righteousness before righteousness, profit first, and embarrassment if you don't take it. Those who leave their relatives without benevolence and righteousness, and those who leave their husbands without benevolence and righteousness. Wang also said that this is benevolence and righteousness. Why did he say profit? "

Mencius visited Liang. Liang said, "old man, you really come from afar." You must have some good ideas for my country. "

Mencius replied, "Your Majesty! Why talk about profits? Only talk about benevolence and righteousness. The king said, "How does my country benefit?" The doctor said, "How can I benefit my fief?" Ordinary people and ordinary people say,' how can I benefit myself?' As a result, the country is at stake! In a country with 10 thousand personnel carriers, the person who killed its monarch must be a doctor with 1000 personnel carriers; In a country with/kloc-0.000 chariots, the person who killed its monarch must be a doctor with/kloc-0.000 chariots. There are 1,000 of these doctors in countries with 10,000 vehicles and 100 in countries with 1,000 vehicles. They don't have much. However, if righteousness is put behind and benefit is put in front, they will never be satisfied until they win the status of monarch. On the other hand, people who never talk about "benevolence" abandon their parents, and people who never give lectures ignore Wang. Therefore, the king only said benevolence and righteousness, why did he say profit? "

the second part

Mencius saw Liang grazing elk in the swamp, and said, "Do saints enjoy it?"

Mencius said to him, "A saint is happy when he has it, and a saint is happy when he has it. The poem says:' After the beginning of Lingtai, Shu Ren attacked the Jingtai camp, which lasted for several days. Don't be anxious from the beginning, the common people will come. Wang Zailing, Rufen Fuyou, Rufen Zhuozhuo, Bai Niao Crane. Wang is in Lingnuma. He jumps into the fish. "King Wen takes the people as the platform and the swamp as the land. When people are happy, they call it platform Lingtai, swamp spirit powder, elk, fish and turtle, and they are happy. The ancients enjoyed themselves with the people, so they could enjoy themselves. Tang Shi swears, "Time is killing you? Give it to the woman and die together. "People want to die with them. Although there are birds and beasts in the pool, how can they enjoy themselves?"

Mencius visited Liang. Liang Huiwang stood by the pond, looking around Hongyan Elk, waiting for the birds and animals, and said, "Does the sage enjoy this?"

Mencius replied: "It is precisely because talented people can be inferior. Even with these things, people without virtue cannot be happy." The Book of Songs says:' Start planning to build a funeral platform, and carefully make ingenious arrangements. People from all over the world are coming to work, and it will be built soon in a few days. There was no rush to build the platform, but people came by themselves. The king visited the spiritual garden, and the doe curled up in the deep grass. The doe's fur is plump and moist, and Bai Niao's feathers are clean. The king visited Lingema and the fish in the pond jumped happily. "Although Zhou Wenwang built high platforms and deep pools with the labor of ordinary people, ordinary people are very happy. They called that platform' Lingtai' and that pool' Lingfen', and they were very happy that there were rare birds and animals such as elk, fish and turtles in it. Ancient kings and people were very happy together, so they were really happy. On the contrary, Tang Shi said,' When will your grandson die? I'd rather be destroyed with you! People can't wait to die with you Even if you have a pool too high and too deep, can you enjoy happiness alone? "

the third part

King Hui of Liang said, "I am a country, and I devote myself to it. If Hanoi is fierce, it will move its people to Hedong and its millet to Hanoi. Hedong is also fierce. People who observe the politics of neighboring countries have no intention like me. There are not many people in neighboring countries, and there are not many people in my country. Why? "

Mencius said to him, "The king is belligerent. Please use the metaphor of war. Replenish drums, weapons company, abandon armor. Or stop after a hundred steps, or stop after fifty steps. What if the pot is too black? "

He said, "No, it's not a hundred steps straight, it's also a walk."

He said: "If Wang knows this, there is no hope that there will be more people in neighboring countries. If you don't go against the farming season, the valley can't take food; If you don't count, neither fish nor turtle can be eaten. Axe gold gets into the mountain in time, and mywood can't be used. Valley and fish turtles can't fight for food, and wood and wood can't fight for it, which makes people lose their lives and have no regrets. Keeping in good health and dying without regret is the beginning of kingly way.

Five acres of houses, trees for mulberry, fifty people can wear clothes; Chickens, dolphins and dogs are all domestic animals, so there is no time to waste. Seventy people can eat meat; A hundred acres of land, if you don't hurry, a family of several can be hungry; I sincerely hope that the godson of the cult will be filial, and the winners will not be on the road. Seventy people eat meat, clothes and silk, and the Lebanese are neither hungry nor cold, but they are not kings and have nothing.

Dogs don't know when they eat food or when they are hungry. When people die, they say,' If it weren't for me, I would be old.' Why is it different from stabbing and killing people? It said,' Not me, but a soldier. The king is innocent, and the people in the world are heavy. "

Liang said: "I am very dedicated to governing the country!" " When there is a famine in the south of the Yellow River, the victims there will be moved to the east of the Yellow River, and the grain from the east will be transported to Henan. I did the same thing when there was a famine in Hedong. Look at the monarchs of neighboring countries presiding over political affairs. No one tries as hard as I do. But the number of people in neighboring countries has not decreased, and my number has not increased. What is the reason? "

Mencius replied, "Your Majesty, you like fighting. I use fighting as an analogy. The drums were ringing and the fighting was fierce. The defeated soldiers threw down their helmets and fled with their weapons. Some ran hundreds of steps before stopping, while others stopped after running fifty steps. Do you think it's okay for people who run 50 steps to laugh at people who run 100 steps? "

Liang said, "No way. He just didn't escape a hundred paces away, but he also fled! "

Mencius said: "Your Majesty, since you know this truth, you don't have to expect the people in your country to increase compared with those in neighboring countries. As long as it doesn't go against the farming season, the food won't be finished; If the dense fishing nets don't enter the pond, fish and turtles can't finish eating aquatic products; When trees are cut down regularly, wood will be inexhaustible. Food and fish are inexhaustible, and wood is inexhaustible, so that ordinary people can support their families and bury the dead without regret. It is the beginning of king to die for the people without regret. "

"Next to the five-acre residential field, mulberry trees are planted, and fifty-year-old people can wear silk; Chickens, ducks, pigs and dogs are kept in season, and people over 70 can often eat meat. One hundred mu of land planted by one family will not be cultivated in the farming season, and there will be no famine in a family of several. Pay attention to the education of rural schools, emphasize the principle of filial piety to the elders, and let the gray-haired old people no longer appear on the road with their heads on their shoulders. People over 70 can wear silk to eat fish, and ordinary people are not short of clothes and food. No one will ever do this without becoming the king of the world. "

"Now, pigs and dogs eat people's food and don't know how to stop it. People who starve to death appear on the road and don't know how to help the hungry. When people die, they say,' It doesn't matter to me, it's because the years are bad'. What's the difference between killing people and saying,' It's nothing to do with me, it's a weapon'? Your majesty, if you can't blame the famine year, then people all over the world will flock to you. "

Section iv

King Hui of Liang said, "I would like to teach in peace."

Mencius said to him, "Isn't it unusual to kill people with hammers and blades?" Yue: "There is no difference." "Is it unusual to use the blade and politics?" Yue: "There is no difference."

He said, "There is fat in the barn, fat horses in the stable, hungry people and hungry people in the wild. This led to wild animals and cannibalism. Animals eat each other and people hate them. For the sake of people's parents, the administrative department has to lead wild animals to eat people. Evil is being the parents of the people? Zhong Ni said: "The initiator will not have any consequences!" It's also used to make it look like a person. How did it make people starve to death? "

Liang said to him, "I'm happy to listen to your advice."

Mencius replied, "Is there a difference between killing with a stick and killing with a knife?"

Liang said to him, "There is no difference."

Mencius asked again, "Is there a difference between killing with a knife and killing with politics?"

Liang replied, "There is no difference."

Mencius went on to say, "There is fat in the kitchen and strong horses in the stable, but the people are starving, and those lying in the wild are starving." This is equivalent to the superior person leading the beast to eat people! Beasts kill each other, but people still hate them; As the parents of ordinary people, if they engage in politics, it will inevitably lead to beasts eating people. How can they be the parents of ordinary people? Confucius said,' Whoever buries clay figurines first will have no children!' This is only because the puppet is too much like a living person to be buried with him. How can people starve to death alive? "

Section 5

King Hui of Liang said, "Jin State, Mo Qiang knows everything in the world. And my body, the East was defeated by Qi, and my eldest son died; West, lost seven hundred miles in Qin; The south is a disgrace to Chu. I'm ashamed of it, and I'm more willing to pour it than the dead. If so, what can I do? "

Mencius said to him, "The earth is a hundred miles away, so you can be king. The king is kind to the people, saves punishment, collects taxes thinly, and cultivates the fields easily. Strong men can cultivate their filial piety and loyalty in their spare time, serve their fathers and brothers, and serve their superiors, so that they can make a fuss about the strong men in Qin and Chu. When he took his people away, he couldn't farm to support his parents, who were hungry with cold, and their brothers and wives were separated. He drowned his people, but Solo collected them. Who are the enemies of the king? Therefore, as the saying goes,' the benevolent is invincible'. Wang, please don't doubt it! "

King Hui said, "You know, old man, Wei was once a great power in the world. But by this time, the East was defeated by Qi, and even my eldest son died. The west lost 700 miles of land to Qin; The south was insulted by Chu. I am very ashamed of these things and hope to avenge all the victims. What can I do? "

Mencius replied, "As long as Fiona Fang has a hundred miles of land, it can conquer the whole world. If the king is kind to the people, he will reduce the punishment, collect less taxes, plough deeply and weed in time; Let able-bodied people take time to cultivate the virtues of filial piety, loyalty and trustworthiness, serve their parents and brothers at home and respect their elders and superiors when they go out. So they can make wooden sticks and attack Qin Chujun with strong armor and sharp knives and guns.

"Because the rulers of Qin Chu deprived the people of production time, they could not support their parents through intensive cultivation. Parents are hungry and cold, and brothers, wives and concubines are scattered here and there. They threw the people into the abyss and the king attacked them. Who will resist you? Therefore, it is said:' People who practice benevolent policies are invincible in the world.' Your majesty, please don't doubt it! "

Section 6

Mencius sees King Liang Xiang. Coming out, the speaker said, "I don't look like a gentleman, so I don't understand what I'm afraid of." Suddenly he asked, "Is this world evil?" I said to him,' I booked one. Who can be one of them? Right:' You can kill anyone who doesn't like to kill.' Who can match it? Yes:' There is nothing in the world but peace. Is it Miao? If there is drought in July and August, the seedlings will die. When the sky looks like a cloud and it rains repeatedly, the seedlings will thrive. If so, who can resist? There are no people who are not addicted to murderers now. If there are people who are not addicted to murderers, people all over the world will look forward to it. If so, the people will pay back and the water will come down. Who can resist? " "

When Mencius met King Liang Xiang, he came out and said to people, "From a distance, it doesn't look like a monarch, nor does it look dignified at a close distance. Suddenly asked me:' How can the world be stable?'

"I replied,' Only unity can be stable.'

"He asked again:' Who can unify the world?'

"I replied,' A monarch who doesn't like killing people can unify the world.'

"He asked,' Who wants to follow a monarch who doesn't like killing people?'

"I replied:' There is no one in the world who is unwilling to follow him. Does your Majesty know He Miao? During the drought in July and August, all the seedlings dried up. Once the sky is overcast and the rain is heavy, the seedlings will thrive. Who can stop this situation? Now there is no monarch in all countries who doesn't like killing people. If there is a monarch who doesn't like to kill people, people all over the world will cran their necks and look forward to his rescue. It really is. People surrendered to him, like a downpour. Who can stop it? "

Section 7

Qi Xuanwang asked, "Have you ever heard of Qi Huan and Jin Wen?"

Mencius said to him, "The followers of Zhong Ni who have nothing to do with Taoism and literature will never be handed down in the future. I haven't heard of it. If there is no way, what is the king? "

He said, "What kind of virtue can make you king?" He said: "Protecting the people is king, and you can't defend yourself." He said, "If I am a person, how can I protect the people?" Say, "Yes." Yue: "How do you know I can do it?" He said: "I heard from Hu Weiqi that the king of Qi was sitting in the hall. When he saw him passing under the hall with a cow, he said,' What is a cow?' Yes: "This will be a clock." The king said,' Give it up! I can't bear to be swaddled. If I am innocent, I will die. "Yes:' But why use a clock? Yue:' What can be abolished? Trade sheep for them! Know nothing? Say, "Yes." . "He said," the heart is king. The people love the king, and I know the king can't stand it. " The king said, "Of course. There are sincere people. Although Qi is young, why do I love a cow? Just can't bear to be swaddled. If I am innocent, I will die, so I want to change sheep. " He said, "The king's love for him is no different from the people's love for him. Small is easy to be big, and evil is known? If the king hides his innocence and dies, what can the cattle and sheep do? " Wang smiled and said, "Why are you sincere? I must love its wealth. It is easy to use sheep, and it is appropriate for people to call me love. "say:"

There is no harm, but this is benevolence, and you can't see sheep when you see cows. A gentleman is to an animal, seeing its life, and can't bear to see its death; I can't bear to eat its meat when I hear its voice. Cooking far away is a gentleman. "

Qi Xuanwang asked, "Can you tell me something about the hegemony between Qi Huangong and Jin Wengong in the Spring and Autumn Period?"

Mencius replied, "Confucius' students didn't talk about the hegemony of Qi Huangong and Jin Wengong, so they didn't pass it on to future generations, and I haven't heard of it. Your majesty, if I have to say it, why don't I talk about unifying the kings of the world with morality? "

King Xuan asked, "How can morality unify the world?"

Mencius said: "Everything is for the people to live and work in peace and contentment. Unifying the world in this way, no one can stop it. "

King Xuan said, "Can people like me make the people live and work in peace and contentment?"

Mencius said, "Yes." King Xuan said, "Why do you know I can?"

Mencius said, "I once heard Hu tell me that one day, your majesty, someone was sitting in the hall and passing by with a cow." When you saw it, you asked,' Where are you taking the cow?' The man who led the cow replied,' I'm going to kill the blood-collecting sacrificial bell'. You said,' Let it go! I can't bear to watch it tremble with fear, just like being executed everywhere without guilt. "The petunia asked,' So there is no bell sacrifice? You said,' How can you not sacrifice the bell? Replace cattle with sheep! -I wonder if there is such a thing? "

King Xuan said, "There is such a thing."

Mencius said, "Your Majesty is kind and can rule the world. When others hear about this, they think you are stingy, but I know you are not stingy, but because you can't bear it. "

Xuan Wang said, "Yes, some people do think so. However, although we are small, how can I be too stingy to part with a cow? I really can't bear to watch it tremble with fear, just like being sentenced to death without guilt, so I replaced it with a sheep. "

Mencius said, "Your Majesty, don't blame the people for thinking that you are stingy. They only see you use a little sheep, not a big cow. How can they know the meaning? What's more, the king pities it without sin. What's the difference between a cow and a sheep? "

Wang Xuan smiled and said, "Yes, even I don't know what kind of psychology this is. It is true that I don't spare money to replace cattle with sheep, but people do have their reasons for thinking so. "

Mencius said, "Never mind. Your majesty doesn't want to be kind, just because you saw the cow with your own eyes and didn't see the sheep. A gentleman can't bear to see the dead zone when he sees birds and beasts; I can't bear to eat their meat when I hear their whining. Therefore, gentlemen always stay away from the kitchen. "

Section 8

The king said, "Poetry says,' If others have a heart, they can worry about it.' Master is also called. I did what I had to do, but I asked for it, not really. What the master said is of great concern to me. Why is this heart suitable for the king? "Yue:" The King Fu said,' I am strong enough to raise a hundred monarchs', not enough to raise a feather; Ming is enough to see the end of autumn', no salary, Wang Xu? "Said," no ""this kind of grace is enough to become a beast, but not a man. What is this? However, if you don't lift a feather, you won't exert yourself; If you can't see your salary, you don't need to be clear. If the people can't see it, you don't need kindness. Therefore, if the king is not king, he will not be king. " What's the difference between what you don't do and what you won't do? "Yue said," Crossing the North Sea with Mount Tai is sincere, and people say,' I can't'. Folding branches for the elderly, people say' I can't', not for it, definitely not. Therefore, the king is not the king, not relying on Mount Tai to surpass the North Sea and so on; The king is not a king, but a broken branch or something. I am old, and people are old; Young people, young people, young people. The world is in your hands. As the poem says, "punishment is imposed on widows, but for brothers, it is at home." . I just added words to my heart. Therefore, kindness is enough to protect the whole world, but not kindness can't protect your wife. Ancient people were bigger than others because they were good at pushing themselves and others. Today's kindness is enough for animals, but not enough for people. What's the only thing? Yes, and then know the weight; Degree, then know the length. Everything is natural, and the heart is what it is. Wang, please measure it! Suppress Wang Xing's soldiers and dangerous officials, blame the governors, and then get along with them? The king said, "No, how can I be fast?" I will look for what I want. "

He said, "Can you smell the king's great desire?" Wang smiled and said nothing. Yue: "Because the fat is not enough for the mouth and mouth? Light is not warm enough for body and body? Suppressing color selection is not enough by eyes and? Not enough sound? Isn't it enough to place an order before? All the ministers of the king are competent, but is the king right? " Said, "No, I won't do it." Said, "but do you know what the king wants?" If you want to expand your territory, you should go to Qin Chu, China and caress Siyi. If you want what you want, you can also get fish from wood. " He said, "What if it is?" Holmium: "It's almost nothing. You can't fish, but there is no disaster. Do what you want to do, do what you want to do, and do it wholeheartedly. There will be disasters afterwards. " He said, "Can you hear me?" He said, "Who does your majesty think will win the battle between Zou and Chu?" Said: "Chu people win." He said: "However, a small entity cannot be the enemy of a large entity, a small entity cannot be the enemy of many entities, and a weak entity cannot be the enemy of a strong entity. A place in the sea, thousands of miles away, there is one in the collection. Why is it different from Zou's enemy Chu Tsai? The cover is also the opposite. Today, the king is in power and benevolent, so that all the officials in the world want to stand in the king's dynasty, all the cultivators want to plow in the king's fields, all the businessmen want to hide in the king's city, all the itineraries want to be drawn by the king, and all the people who want to get sick with their king want to stay in the king. If so, how to resist? "

The king said, "Sorry, I can't go in. May the master help me with my ambition and teach me to understand. Although I am not sensitive, please try. " He said: "Only a scholar can become a persevering person without ceasing to produce. If people, there is no constant production, because there is no perseverance. If you don't persevere, let yourself go and do evil, everything you do is for yourself. It is a waste of people to be caught committing a crime and then punished. Why should people be abolished when benevolent people are in power? Therefore, if a wise monarch controls the people's property, he can support his parents and wife, he can be satisfied with life in happy years, and he can avoid death in fierce years. Then drive away the good ones, and the people will be lenient. Today, people's property is also under control. It is not enough to serve their parents or adopt a wife. Happy years will be bitter for a lifetime, and unhappy years will inevitably lead to death. This is just to save lives, but I'm afraid I won't be able to support it. If the king wants to do it, he must be afraid. Five acres of houses, trees for mulberry, fifty people can wear clothes; Chickens, dolphins and dogs are all domestic animals, so there is no time to waste. Seventy people can eat meat; One hundred acres of land, if you don't hurry, a family of eight can be hungry; I sincerely hope that the godson of the cult will be filial, and the winners will not be on the road. The old man eats meat, and the people are not hungry or cold, but they are not kings. "

Qi Xuanwang said happily, "The Book of Songs says,' I can guess what others are thinking.' That is to say, sir, please. I made it myself. On the other hand, I thought about why I did it, but I couldn't say why. Your family said it, and my heart suddenly opened up. But how do you understand that my mentality is consistent with the king of unifying the world with morality? "

Mencius said, "If someone comes to report to you,' I can lift three thousand pounds instead of one feather; "You can clearly see both ends of autumn hair with your eyesight, but you can't see a car of firewood in front." Your Majesty, will you believe him? "

Xuanwang said, "Of course not."

Mencius went on to say, "Now, Your Majesty, your kindness can be given to animals, but not to ordinary people. Why? " I can't afford a feather, because I don't want to use my strength to get it; I can't see a load of firewood because I don't want to see it with my eyes; The common people can't live and work in peace and contentment because the king is unwilling to show mercy. Therefore, your majesty, you have failed to unify the world with morality, but you are unwilling to do it, not impossible. "

King Xuan said, "What's the difference between unwilling and unable to do it?"

Mencius said, "When a person threatens Mount Tai and jumps into the North Sea, he says,' I can't do it.' This is really impossible. Let a man break a branch for the old man. The man told people,' I can't do it. This is unwilling to do, not impossible. Your majesty, you have not unified the world with morality. You don't belong to the category of leaping over the North Sea with Mount Tai, but to the category of cutting branches for the elderly.

"Respect your own old people, and by extension, respect others' old people; Take care of your children, and by extension, take care of other people's children. If you do this, the whole world will be as easy to govern as running in the palm of your hand. The Book of Songs says:' Set an example for your wife first, then pass it on to your brothers, then to your family and to your country.' I'm talking about spreading my heart to others. Therefore, Ender's ascension is enough to stabilize the world. If you don't promote Ender, you can't even protect your wife and children. The reason why ancient sages were far superior to others was that they were good at popularizing their good behavior. Now, your majesty, your kindness can be given to animals, but not to ordinary people. Why?

"You don't know the weight until you weigh it, and you don't know the length until you measure it. Everything is like this, especially the heart. Your majesty, please think about it! Do you really want to mobilize the national army, or do soldiers risk their lives to be enemies of other countries, so that you will be happy? " King Xuan said, "No, why should I be happy when I do this?" ? I just want to realize my greatest wish. "

Mencius said, "What is the king's greatest wish? Can you tell me? " Qi Xuanwang smiled, but said nothing.

Mencius said, "Is it because there is not enough fat to eat? Is it because there are not enough light and warm clothes to wear? Still not bright enough? Is it because there is not enough wonderful music? Still not enough for the people around you? Your ministers can provide you with these as much as possible. Is this really for you? "

King Xuan said, "No, that's not why I did it."

Mencius said, "Then, your greatest wish can be known. You want to expand your territory, let great countries like Qin and Chu pay tribute to you, and come to China to appease backward ethnic groups in all directions. However, to realize your current wish with your current practice is like climbing a tree to catch fish. "

Xuanwang asked, "Is it so serious?"

Mencius said, "I'm afraid it's more serious than this." Climb the tree to catch fish, although you can't catch fish, there is no future trouble. If you do what you want to do now and work hard, there will be disaster later. "

King Xuan said, "Can you tell me the truth?"

Mencius said, "Suppose Zou goes to war with Chu, which Congress does your majesty think will win?"

Xuan Wang said, "Chu Guo Sheng, of course."

Mencius said: "Obviously, a small country cannot be an enemy of a big country, a country with a small population cannot be an enemy of a country with a large population, and a weak country cannot be an enemy of a strong country. China's land, * * * has nine pieces, and Qi just occupies one of them. Want to use this piece to conquer the other eight pieces, what is the difference between Zou and Chu? Why doesn't the king come back and think about it and start from the roots? "

"Now, if the king can implement a benevolent policy, people who are high officials in the world will want to be high officials in your court, farmers in the world will want to farm in your country, people who do business in the world will want to do business in your country, people who travel in the world will want to travel in your country, and people who hate their own monarch will want to complain to you. If you do this, who else can be your enemy?

The above is the first part of Mencius and Liang, and the following parts are all written down, so many words can't be put in.