Health care methods of diabetes in summer
1, diet health care
*** 1*** Let patients know the importance of diet control, so as to consciously abide by the dietary regulations.
***2*** Diet should be strictly regulated, especially for patients treated with insulin.
***3*** Check every meal. If there is any surplus, the actual food intake must be calculated for the doctor's reference during treatment.
***4*** Control total calories, and increase non-staple food such as vegetables and bean products when patients feel hungry.
***5*** Change food in a planned way, so as not to make patients feel that eating is boring.
2, the application of insulin care
* * *1* * storage of insulin: medium and long-acting insulin is more stable than ordinary insulin. Similarly, at 5℃, the former two are 3 years and the latter is 3 months, so it is appropriate to store them at room temperature below 20℃ during use.
* * * 2 * * Pay attention to the conversion of insulin when applying.
***3*** Dose must be accurate, and oscillation should be avoided during suction.
* * * 4 * * When two kinds of insulin are used together, pump the conventional insulin first, and then pump the protamine insulin.
* * * 5 * * Selection and arrangement of insulin injection site. Insulin is commonly used in subcutaneous injection, and the loose part of the panel should be selected and injected alternately in a planned way. Change the site every time to prevent the tissue at the injection site from hardening, and fat atrophy will affect the absorption of insulin. The injection site should be strictly disinfected to prevent infection.
***6*** Hypoglycemia reaction: manifested as fatigue, intense hunger and even death. Once hypoglycemia occurs, blood is drawn immediately to check blood sugar, and 50% glucose is injected orally or intravenously for 40m, and then the patient is allowed to eat after waking up to prevent coma again.
3. Prevention of infection
According to experts, due to the poor resistance of diabetic patients, the body is prone to infection, there are few public places, and when the weather changes; Pay attention to prevention, pay attention to oral hygiene and clean your mouth on time. Once fever and upper respiratory tract infection occur, it is necessary to treat them in time and explain to the doctor that he has a history of diabetes.
4, panel cleaning
For diabetic patients, diabetic patients are prone to furuncle, carbuncle and soft tissue infection, so it is very important to keep the panel clean. Wash your hair and bathe frequently, change your underwear frequently, and keep your bed clean and flat. If there are furuncle, carbuncle, etc. Handle in time. This is something that diabetes care should pay attention to.
5. Sports.
From physical activity, it can relax food intake, enhance patients' physical strength, enrich life content and eliminate the tension of cerebral cortex. Exercise can also improve the body's sensitivity to insulin. Encourage patients to jog. Walking at medium speed, climbing stairs, Tai Ji Chuan and other activities. Exercise should be chosen after meals, except those with contraindications.
Step 6 take hypoglycemic drugs
Take medicine on time. The side effects of drugs, such as drug eruption and gastrointestinal symptoms, should be explained to patients in advance so that patients can actively cooperate with the treatment.
Matters needing attention in diabetes care in summer
1, mosquito control
Diabetes will affect the metabolism of the whole body, and the panel is the largest organ of the human body. It is found that about13 of diabetic patients will have different types of face plate diseases. Once the skin is damaged, on the one hand, the recovery time will be prolonged, on the other hand, it may be accompanied by infection. Especially for sugar friends who are allergic to the panel, it is necessary to prevent mosquito bites. It is best to wear pants with thin breathable fabric and spray some toilet water on the exposed panel when going out.
2. Sweat prevention
The hot weather makes everyone sweat after a little activity, which is also a challenge for the group of diabetic patients. First of all, if you sweat for a long time, dry it as soon as possible to avoid salty sweat soaking the panel. Secondly, it is best to take a bath every day. But it should be noted that the water temperature should not be too high. Try not to use soap and shower gel, and be sure to dry it after taking a shower. Especially the toe seam of both feet, fungal infection is most likely to occur. Because diabetic patients have poor sensory sensitivity and slow damage to the panel, it is not recommended to wear sandals barefoot.
3, prevent exposure
Many sugar friends like exercise, which is good for controlling blood sugar, but they should pay attention to avoiding the sun. The diabetic group is not only afraid of wet, but also afraid of dry. Under the irradiation of sunlight, the water in the sweat evaporates and the salt remains on the panel, which will make it drier. Therefore, people who love sugar had better exercise indoors in summer.
4. Drink plenty of water to replenish lost body fluids.
The reason why diabetics are thirsty and drink more is because high blood sugar causes high blood colloid osmotic pressure, which affects the thirst center of the brain and produces a feeling of thirst, so patients will have symptoms of drinking more, which is a protective reaction of the human body. If drinking water is not properly controlled, it will not only be detrimental to the treatment of diabetes, but will aggravate the condition, and even serious situations such as dehydration, hypertonic blood and increased blood viscosity will occur. Therefore, in summer, we should pay attention to drink more water and replenish lost body fluids. In fact, drinking more water has many advantages, not only can replenish the loss of body fluids in time to prevent dehydration, but also is conducive to the discharge of metabolic waste in the body and prevent its storage; Drinking more water can dilute urine and effectively prevent urinary tract infection. You know, summer is also the high incidence season of urinary tract infection in elderly diabetic patients. Drinking more water can also prevent diabetic ketoacidosis.
5, beware of hypoglycemia
In summer, due to the hot climate, many people will have a "bitter summer" situation. Some diabetics will feel poor appetite, don't want to eat, sweat more, consume more, and are prone to hypoglycemia. In this case, if you don't pay attention to adjusting hypoglycemic agents and eating reasonably, it is easy to have hypoglycemia. When hypoglycemia occurs, if it is not treated in time, the consequences will be very serious and even life-threatening, so it is very important to prevent hypoglycemia in summer. Sometimes hypoglycemia happens quickly, and the symptoms are different, and there may be different degrees of consciousness disorder in a short time. Therefore, diabetic patients and their families should learn how to prevent and deal with hypoglycemia. Those who have seen it will see: