Kaup index = weight (kg)/height (cm) 2× 104
Basic laws of children's growth and development
First, development is continuous and there is a phased process.
The baby is the first growth peak; Adolescence has a second growth peak.
Second, the growth and development of organs in various systems are unbalanced.
The development sequence of human organs and systems follows certain laws. The nervous system develops earlier, and the brain develops faster two years after birth-the nervous system is fast first and then slow; Lymphatic system grows rapidly in childhood, reaches its peak before puberty, and then gradually declines (slow-fast-slow); The reproductive system develops late-first slowly and then quickly. The development of heart, liver, kidney, muscle and other systems is basically balanced with the growth and development of the body.
Third, the general law of growth and development.
Growth and development follow certain laws, for example, sports development is from top to bottom, from near to far, from coarse to fine, from low to high, from simple to complex. The law of exercise development after birth is: first look up (2 months), then lift your chest, then sit down (6 months), turn over in July and climb in August; Standing in September, 123 years old walks and jumps. Sit up in February, sit in June, turn over in July and climb in August. In September, you will stand on the right foot and walk 123. )
Fourth, individual differences in growth and development.
Under the influence of a certain range of heredity and environment, individual differences are considerable, and everyone's growth "trajectory" will not be exactly the same.
2 Three aspects of children's physical development evaluation
(1) development level: cross-sectional measurement and evaluation of weight, height, head circumference, chest circumference and upper arm circumference. It is to compare the measured value of a certain physical growth and development index of children at a certain stage with the value of normal reference population. This ratio is the child's development level (generally can be divided into five levels: upper, upper, middle, lower and lower). If the child's index is greater than or less than the highest or lowest standard of the reference value of the normal population, parents should take the child to the hospital in time to find out the reason with the doctor so as to make reasonable intervention and treatment.
(2) Growth speed: After measuring the child's weight or length every time, it is necessary to make a dynamic longitudinal observation (such as growth monitoring) to see whether its monthly growth and development are normal. This continuous longitudinal measurement and observation can follow the child's own growth trajectory, find the growth deviation (too fast, too slow or not) in time, and take early intervention measures.
(3) Symmetry: evaluate the relationship between children's weight, body length and other indicators. For example, doctors can evaluate whether the child's lower limbs are developing normally by evaluating the child's sitting height/height ratio, so as to evaluate whether the child's physical development is symmetrical. Use KAUP index of children's weight (kg)/ height (Cm2) to evaluate whether children are too fat or too thin.
3 children's growth and development standards
1. Body weight is the most important and sensitive indicator reflecting children's growth and development. Because weight reflects the nutritional status of children, especially the recent nutritional status. Weight will be affected by many factors, such as nutrition, complementary food, disease and so on. Weight gain is the fastest in the first three months of life, generally increasing by 600 ~ 1000 grams per month, preferably not less than 600 grams. Followed by 3 ~ 6 months, the average monthly increase of 600 ~ 800 grams. June ~1February, with an average increase of 300g per month. After 1 year, the growth rate of children slowed down obviously, and the average weight of children aged ~ 3 years increased 150g per month. /kloc-the weight of children after 0/year can be calculated by the following formula: weight (kg) = age (year)? +7 (or 8)
Second, body length is also an important indicator of children's growth and development, but it reflects the long-term nutritional status and the factors that affect growth and development in the short term (nutrition, diseases, etc. ) has no obvious effect on body length. Mainly influenced by heredity, race and environment. The growth of body length, like weight, is the fastest in the first year after birth, with an average annual growth of 25 cm. The average growth in the second year was 10 cm, and the average growth in the third year was 4 ~ 7.5 cm. Children's early body shape has changed from chubby to slender in infancy. During this period, the trunk is slightly longer and the lower limbs are slightly shorter. After childhood, the limbs grow faster than the trunk. The formula of average body length after one year old is: body length (cm)= age (years old)? +80 cm. The child's length and weight can be evaluated by the standards of the International Health Organization.
One-month baby's physical development
Physical development
Weight At this time, the baby's body grows very fast, which is 700- 1000 grams heavier than at birth. The weight in the first month is about 4 kg (4,000 g), and it increases to 5 kg (5,000 g) at the end of two months.
The body length is 2-3 cm longer than the birth time, with an average of 56.95 cm for boys and 56 cm for girls.
The head circumference of boys is 38.2 cm and that of girls is 37.47 cm.
The bust is 38 cm for boys and 37.32 cm for girls.
Neurospiritual development
The motor function can lift the chin for a while while lying prone, and the head will lean to one side; When you wake up, you are very active. You will slowly turn your head, stretch your arms, kick your legs, stretch your body and twist your body.
A sighted baby can look at objects 20-30 cm away from him and his mother's face in an instant.
When something touches his palm, he will catch it (called grasping reflex).
You will calm down when you hear your mother's heartbeat. 10- 15 cm will alert the child and turn his head to the sound source. Can distinguish people's verbal sounds from nonverbal sounds, as well as different sounds. When the mother talks to the baby, he can look at the mother's face for a while, and there will be a reflective smile, which will make "e-e-e-e" and "e-e-e-e" sounds.