[Edit this paragraph] Language folklore
language
The local language of Jingxian county is Jingxian dialect, which belongs to Xuanzhou dialect of Chinese Wu dialect. The pedigree relationship is Sino-Tibetan language family → Chinese language family → Wu language branch → Jingxian language. Because it is located at the junction of Wu dialect area, Hui dialect area and Jianghuai Mandarin, although the eastern and western areas are both called Jingxian dialect, there are great differences. County residents generally call the dialect used in the eastern part of Jingxian County "Dongxiang Dialect" and the dialect used in the western part of Jingxian County "Xixiang Dialect". Among them, there are many Hui morphemes and phonetics in Xixiang dialect, which makes the communication between East and West slightly difficult. In addition, there are many immigrants in this area in history. Besides Jingxian dialect, there are also people who speak Jianghuai Mandarin, Huizhou Mandarin and even Central Plains Mandarin and Southwest Mandarin. Therefore, Jianghuai Mandarin is generally used as the standard language, and Mandarin is also used in formal occasions.
Jingxian County, the hometown of famous tea with characteristics, is located at the northern foot of Huangshan Mountain and near Taiping Lake, with beautiful scenery and mild climate. Ancient literati such as Li Bai and Wang visited Jingxian many times, praising it as "three hundred miles of Jingchuan with beautiful scenery", leaving many places of interest. Jingxian county is rich in products, which is the world-famous hometown of rice paper. Many kinds of famous green tea are the best in natural green food. Jingxian county has a long history of tea production. According to the Records of Ningguo Mansion, there were 4,066,687 tea trees in Jingxian County in the Song Dynasty. As far back as the Tang Dynasty, there were precious teas such as Baiyun Tea and Tujian. According to legend, when Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty visited Ningguo Mansion in the south of the Yangtze River six times, the magistrate presented a tribute tip made in Jingxian County. After tasting it, Ganlong was very happy and full of praise, and ordered his entourage to take it with him. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Jingxian tea sold well in major cities along the Yangtze River and was sold to Southeast Asia in batches with overseas Chinese, so it was also called "foreign tip" at that time. Luo Yin, a monk who lived in Yongxi, Huangtian, Jingxian County in the late Ming Dynasty, created a unique "Yongqing Huo Qing", which is famous all over the country for its round waist and sweet taste. It was rated as one of the top ten famous teas in China by the Ministry of Commerce and China Tea Society 1982. In 1990s, Jingxian tea area launched a vigorous activity to create famous tea, and famous tea experts in the late Qing Dynasty, such as Chen Jue, Wang Zhenheng, Lin Helin, Yim Ho, Fang Zhihui and Mo, guided the research and development of famous tea. After many experiments, combined with the creativity of fresh leaves of local tea trees and the tea-making tradition of tea farmers, it was finally decided to improve the tenderness and shape-making process of fresh leaves on the basis of pointed tea technology, so as to create "Lan Xiang" series of famous green tea products. After years of improvement and cultivation, its collection and processing technology has been rapidly popularized in the county's tea areas, and it has won more than ten famous tea titles, such as the Bronze Award and Gold Award of the National Agricultural Expo, the Special Award and the First Prize of "China Teacup" in 2002, and the Gold Award of the 4th International Famous Tea Appraisal in Korea. Yongxi Huo Qing also carried out technical transformation and mechanical processing, which greatly improved its color and aroma, and was awarded as "recommended product of famous tea" at China International Famous Tea Exhibition in 1998. In recent years, Jingxian tea area has actively promoted pollution-free production technology and developed pollution-free, green and organic tea products. Now, the county 1.78 million mu tea garden has obtained the above pollution-free certification, and Tingxi Lan Xiang has become the only organic famous tea in Xuancheng that has passed the certification of organic tea production, processing and sales, and the production and sales of Jingxian famous tea have jumped to a new level. The mountainous area in the southeast of Jingxian County, which is rich in famous tea, is the Yufeng announcement zone of Huangshan Mountain range and has a virgin forest. Here, the heavy rocks are green, the streams are swirling, and the complex landforms constitute many relatively closed small-scale ecological environments, which provide excellent ecological resources for the harmless production of tea industry. It will be foggy in the morning and evening on sunny days, and it will rain on cloudy days all day. According to the measurement, the highest elevation in this area is 1 175 meters, the annual rainfall is 1800 mm, the annual average temperature is 15 degrees, the average relative humidity is 85%, the average sunshine percentage is 4 1%, the frost-free period is 260 days, the soil is fertile and the organic matter content is high. The superior ecological environment breeds fat and tender tea buds, and after careful softening, it becomes a famous tea with high aroma and mellow taste. Its fine products are as beautiful as green flowers, as fragrant as orchids, and as delicious as showers, almost given by the gods, which is rare. Brew a cup full of fragrance, with endless aftertaste. Because the buds and leaves are fat and tidy, the tea leaves are soaked in the cup and the branches are like orchids in bud, standing in a cup of jade. The water is still lined up like a soldier, and it moves like a singer Qi Yong, which is very interesting to watch. Therefore, people who have drunk Jingxian famous tea will often become permanent customers of Jingxian tea. One summer, Comrade Deng Xiaoping climbed Huangshan Mountain and passed Jingxian County. After tasting Jingxian famous tea, he praised: "This tea is very good. As good as Huangshan Mao Feng and West Lake Longjing. I will drink this kind of tea in the future. " There are more than 50,000 mu of tea gardens in Jingxian County, with an annual output of nearly 1,000 tons of dry tea and an output value of 45 million yuan. It is one of the main pillars of Jingxian economy and the main source of income for farmers in mountainous areas. Jingxian tea area can be simply divided into southeast mountain tea area and middle-northwest hilly tea area. The former is the traditional producing area of famous and excellent tea, and the tea garden area accounts for more than 70% of the county. At present, the county has a 1.535 mu tea garden, a 30 mu state-owned large-scale tea farm for cutting seedlings, more than 20 small rural tea farms, as well as caffeine extraction factories and instant tea factories, two tea deep-processing factories and nine private tea enterprises focusing on famous and excellent teas, which are still in their infancy. Tea production in Jingxian county, especially the development of pollution-free and famous tea technology, has made great progress. National technical invention patent of tea industry 1 item, and 4 standards of famous tea products (enterprises). It has successively won 1 provincial government science and technology progress and rural science and technology award, 1 provincial agriculture department technology progress award, 1 Xuancheng science and technology progress award and 8 county-level government science and technology agriculture promotion awards, and nearly 20 provincial and ministerial tea titles. There are 4 tea researchers 1 person, 4 senior agronomists and 5 agronomists in the county. Jingxian tea area also has a large number of tea planting experts and rural scientific and technological leaders, which has laid a solid foundation for the industrialization of Jingxian tea industry. In recent years, the Jingxian government and the vast number of tea people have paid more attention to the tea industry, and have successfully held two Jingxian famous tea fairs, which greatly improved the market visibility of Jingxian famous tea. In order to promote the development of tea industrialization, Jingxian Agriculture Committee took the lead in organizing tea farmers, tea merchants and technical managers in the county to set up Jingxian Tea Association, making full use of natural resources, optimizing and integrating the distribution of production and marketing, striving to tap the market potential, continuously improving comprehensive benefits and accelerating the income increase of tea farmers in Jingxian County. Increase the benefit of tea industry, develop the county economy in an all-round way, and let thousands of tons of famous tea in Jingxian county float to the whole country. China, the hometown of wooden combs, speaking of combs and fragrant mirrors ... Is the elegant picture of a beautiful woman holding a mahogany comb and smiling at a jade sandalwood mirror lingering in your mind for a long time? And that one will be the favorite comb of countless beautiful women, which originated in the Han Dynasty. Beauty combs her hair, puts all kinds of bun on the plate, and turns over stories, such as winding a bun, which is passed down from generation to generation. Throughout the ages, whether it is a noble celebrity or a civilian cloth made at sunrise, it is inseparable from the comb. The ancient poem "Mulan Poetry" contains poems such as "taking off your hat" and "getting a haircut at the window", which can best reflect the close relationship between working people and combs in ancient China. It can not only be used to comb hair, but also be an indispensable health care instrument for people. Regular use is very important for health care. Combing hair with a wooden comb can dredge meridians, promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis, and improve the nutrient absorption of scalp and skull. Yuan Chao, a medical scientist in Sui Dynasty, pointed out that "combing hair can dredge blood vessels and make hair not white", and Su Dongpo, a great writer, had a deep understanding of combing hair. He said, "comb your hair for more than a hundred times, and you will be familiar with it until dawn." Jingxian County is the largest comb processing and production base in China. At present, there are more than 60 enterprises producing wooden combs with more than a dozen brands, and there are more than 300 varieties in five series, such as health care wooden combs, craft wooden combs and bamboo combs. At present, the annual output of wooden combs is 60 million pieces, with an annual output value of 45 million yuan and more than 900 employees/kloc-0. Products are exported to Europe, America and Southeast Asia. The wood carding industry has made important contributions to local economic construction, solving rural surplus labor force and increasing farmers' income. Jingxian wooden comb is made of natural precious materials such as superior boxwood, sandalwood, peach wood, pear wood, Daphne family and jujube wood. It inherits the traditional manual carding technology, adopts unique technologies such as high temperature and high pressure, and combines modern unique manual technologies such as gear grinding and polishing. Its color is beautiful and natural, its comb teeth are smooth and smooth, its shape is unique and its feel is excellent. No hair pulling, no scalp injury and no static electricity. Long-term use can effectively stimulate acupuncture points on the head and promote blood circulation in the head. Has the effects of refreshing brain, nourishing hair and promoting sleep. It is a necessary natural green commodity for home travel. Peach comb: folklore is something to ward off evil spirits and strengthen the body. It has always been regarded as a mascot to ward off evil spirits. Wood is also hard. Boxwood comb: Boxwood: It has been the first choice for combing hair since ancient times. Compendium of Materia Medica (Volume 36 of Mubu) "Boxwood is important in the world because it has no fire", "Its wood is tight and greasy, and it is better to comb, plane and print" and "clear heat, promote diuresis and detoxify". Modern medicine has found that it contains buxine (CH 18H2 1N03), which can inhibit the growth of fungi, so the effect of relieving itching and removing dandruff after combing hair is better. Natural bamboo comb: traditional craft, hand-refined. Combs never deform; The unique natural hardness of bamboo makes bamboo comb more durable and more comfortable to comb; The unique natural surface of bamboo makes the surface of bamboo comb smoother, more beautiful, cooler and more comfortable. This property is unmatched by any material. Function: no static electricity, can promote blood circulation in the head, and has health care effect. Bronzing wood comb: refers to burning various patterns on practical wood combs, mostly figures, animals, flowers and birds, etc. To make them more unique and beautiful. Woodcarving comb: Jingxian county, Anhui province, has a strong cultural atmosphere of Huizhou style. Woodcarving comb with Huizhou style is a rare craft gift and collection. The biggest advantage of wooden comb products is that they are static-free, which can effectively stimulate acupoints, promote blood circulation in cerebral cortex, dredge meridians, refresh the mind, regulate blood gas, have obvious effects on enhancing memory, insomnia, dizziness and alopecia, and realize the perfect unity of practicality and health care. On June 8th, 2003 +065438+20041October 8th and June 30th, 2004, the opening ceremony of China Muka Festival was successfully held in Langqiao Town, Jingxian County. During this period, Muka Health Lecture and Muka Industry Development Forum were held successively, and commodity exhibition activities focusing on Muka, taking into account Jingxian famous and special products and tourism products were held, which achieved the purpose of combing. Legend of Qin Yu: There are many interesting legends about the origin of Qin Yu. According to legend, there was a hermit named Qin Gao in the Jin Dynasty, who cultivated immortality and made an alchemy here. He often pours Dan slag into the stream at the foot of the mountain. As soon as Dan slag enters the water, it becomes a small fish. One day, Qin Gao "cultivated to control carp growth". Later, in order to commemorate him, people called the stone platform under the mountain "Qin Gaotai"; Shuixi was named "Xiqin"; The small fish in the stream are called "harp fish". There are also many records about Qin Guanyu in the Ancient County Records of Jingxian County. Features: Qin dried fish is a rare dried fish, which is a famous specialty unique to Jingxian County. This kind of dried fish is generally not used for eating, but is mostly used for soaking in water rather than making tea, so it is called "Qin fish tea". Qin fish is no more than one inch long, bearded, with heavy lips and four cheeks, wide mouth and leading herons, which is extremely delicious. When drinking, put the dried fish into the cup, pour boiling water, and the dried fish swims up and down like a live fish jumping in the cup; The entrance is mellow and refreshing; After drinking the tea soup, eat the Qin fish in your mouth. Delicious, salty and sweet, with unique flavor. Efficacy: it has the function of detoxification and health preservation. Technology: Every year around Tomb-Sweeping Day, it is the peak season to catch Qin Yu. In Western Qin, local fishermen used bamboo baskets and baskets to fish. The captured soft-shelled turtle is put into salty boiled water, then spices such as fennel, tea and sugar are added for cooking, and then dried with charcoal fire to obtain the finished dried soft-shelled turtle. The appearance of Xuan paper, the hometown of Xuan paper, is closely related to papermaking, one of the "four great inventions" in ancient China. Xuan paper is developed from the plant fiber paper invented by Cai Lun, the founder of paper making. Cai Lun word Zhong Jing (? ~ A.D. 12 1), people in Guiyang (now Leiyang, Hunan Province) made "Cai Hou Paper" in the first year of Yuan Xing in the Eastern Han Dynasty (A.D. 105), which became the inventor of papermaking and opened a new era in the history of world civilization. Traditional papermaking methods include material selection, beating, washing and bleaching, drying and other processes, and Xuan paper is produced by inheriting the essence of these processes. Plant fiber papermaking originated in the north of China (centered on Luoyang, Henan), but gradually moved to the south due to traffic, infrastructure, raw materials and other reasons. In ancient papermaking, the paper curtain (equivalent to the copper mesh used for sizing in modern papermaking) must be used to complete the key process of papermaking-the conversion of pulp into paper. Under the social production conditions at that time, the most ideal material for making paper curtains was bamboo, and other materials were limited due to insufficient durability and adaptability. The lack of key process materials made papermaking hardly develop in the centuries after its invention. In the 4th century AD, Si Marui, the emperor of Jin Dynasty, made Nanjing its capital, and the shift of political and cultural center made the paper industry shift from north to south. In Jiangnan, papermaking has developed rapidly in the Yangtze River basin because of its abundant and convenient supply of raw materials. At that time, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Fujian and other places successively opened paper mills. Sufficient raw and auxiliary materials contributed to the rapid popularization of papermaking, so various materials of paper came into being. According to historical records, rattan paper appeared in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, paper was produced in large quantities in the Sui Dynasty, and Xuan paper appeared in the Tang Dynasty. "Natural selection, survival of the fittest"-the specific geographical conditions and suitable raw and auxiliary materials determine the inevitability of choosing Jingxian County in Xuancheng, Anhui Province for Xuan Paper. In the evolution of papermaking history, Xuan paper was finally made of Shatian straw and Dalbergia (Ulmaceae, deciduous trees) in Jingxian county and its surrounding areas, plus the juice of carambola (kiwifruit). The word "Xuan Paper" first appeared in the chapter "On Painting Style and Making a Bed" in Notes on Famous Paintings of Past Dynasties written by Zhang Yanyuan (8 15 ~ 875), a famous scholar in the Tang Dynasty. Naming Xuan paper is the most direct article. In fact, Xuan paper was used as a tribute before Zhang Yanyuan, but it was not clearly named. According to the Book of Old Tang Dynasty, in the second year of Tang Tianbao (AD 743), when Wei Jian, the satrap of Shaanxi Province, paid tribute to the imperial court, there were "papers, pens, coptis, etc. in Xuancheng County." . There is a record of "Xuanzhou tribute to paper and pen" in the geography of the New Tang Dynasty and the Six Classics of the Tang Dynasty. It can be seen that the paper and pens produced in this area were already national at that time, because Jingxian, Xuancheng, Ningguo, Jingde and Taiping in the Tang Dynasty were all under the jurisdiction of Xuanzhou, and according to the records of Xuanzhou Prefecture, Xuan paper was mainly concentrated in Jingxian area. From this, it can be inferred that the development of Xuan paper in the past dynasties after the birth of Jingxian County has experienced the process from less to more, from prosperity to decline, and from prosperity to decline due to the different times and social backgrounds. In the Song Dynasty, with the development of cultural media, the demand for Xuan paper increased greatly, and the supply of Xuan paper in Xuanzhou was in short supply. In the seventh year of Xining (A.D. 1074), in June, the court "issued a letter to Hangzhou on Xuan paper, and selected it 50,000 times at the age of 50"; However, due to natural conditions and other restrictions, it failed to develop continuously. A small amount of Jingxian Xuan paper is sought after by literati. For example, a poet in the Song Dynasty wrote in the poem "Farewell to Quanzi Man": "If you have money, don't buy gold, buy more Jiangdong paper, and Jiangdong paper is as white as a spring cloud." In the Song Dynasty, Jingxian County was already under the jurisdiction of Ningguo House on Jiangnan East Road. At the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, people surnamed Cao moved to Xiaoling, Xixiang, Jingxian County to make rice paper for a living. This historical fact can be found in the preface of Little Cao Lin's Genealogy, which was rebuilt during the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. "At the end of the Song Dynasty, when there was a struggle, there were many signs of chaos. Cao Xuemei, the eighth grandson of Cao Shizhong Palace, moved from Qiuchuan to Jingjing, came to Xiaoling, and moved thirteen more. Seeing this mountain ridge (Z is not at the foot of U), the fields are scarce and there is no cultivation. Because of Cai Lun's skill, I thought it was a livelihood. " Since then, the Cao Shi clan in Xiaoling County of Jingxian County has gradually developed into a leader in the rice paper industry. And once monopolized the production and management of rice paper. After the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, the North and South were unified and the economy and culture developed. In particular, Ni Yuanlin, Wang Meng, Zhenwu, Huang Ziwen and other landscape painting schools broke through the shackles of traditional court painting and advocated freehand brushwork and splash ink techniques. Xuan paper provides a broad space for this kind of painting, so it is paid attention to as a basic tool for painters, which greatly stimulates the development of Xuan paper industry.