1, after the Yellow Emperor. According to the genealogy table of prime ministers in the book of the New Tang Dynasty, "The son of the Yellow Emperor, Qingyang Wuzi, wielded a bow and arrow, and later generations gave him the surname Zhang." According to Yuan He's compilation, "Qingyang, the fifth son of the Yellow Emperor, was born and lingering, making bows and arrows because of his surname Zhang, and worshiping arc stars." As can be seen from the records of the above two historical materials, it was once the inventor of an important weapon bow, and was later named Zhang.
Zhang's totem, a branch of Zhang's surname handed down directly from the Yellow Emperor, was named after living in Qingyang, which is located in the south of Qinghe (now east of Qinghe County, Hebei Province). Later, aristocratic families also came from this area. It belongs to the Zhang family in Hebei.
2, from the descendants of the Yellow Emperor Ji surname. According to Genealogy, in the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a doctor in the State of Jin named Zhang, whose grandson was also named Zhang. In addition, Zhang was an official in the Jin Dynasty. After Korea, Zhao and Wei carved up the State of Jin in 403 BC, most of them moved away with the capitals of the three countries except some. Among them, Zhang, who moved to South Korea, had a great influence, and he entered the DPRK as an official in past dynasties. South Korea started in Pingyang (now southwest of Linfen, Shanxi), then moved south to Yiyang (now Hancheng, Yiyang County, Henan Province), then moved to Yangzhai (now Yuzhou, Henan Province), and finally moved to Zheng (now Xinzheng, Henan Province). Zhao Chu established Jinyang (now southwest of Taiyuan, Shanxi), then moved to Zhongmou (now west of Hebi, Henan), and finally moved to Handan (now Hebei). Wei started from Anyi (now northwest of Xia County, Shanxi Province) and later moved to Daliang (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province). It's for the Zhang family in Shanxi, Hebei and Henan.
3, from the given surname or his surname, his family changed his surname. According to Records of the Historian, Zhuge Liang of Shu gave Zhang the surname when Long, the leader of the Nan people, was taken by the Three Kingdoms, and later generations took Zhang as their surname. Zhang Liao, the general of Wei, whose real name was Nie, was later changed to Zhang, who lived in Mayi, Yanmen (now Shuoxian County, Shanxi Province) and later became the most popular surname. In addition, people with Han and Ji surnames and some branches of ethnic minorities such as Wuhuan, Jurchen, Jiejie, Xianbei, Xiongnu and Qidan all changed their surnames to Zhang.
According to the statistics of the Ministry of Public Security, the most populous surname is Zhang Pai, with 87.502 million people, accounting for 6.83% of the total population in China. [Edit this paragraph] Ancestor's surname
Zhang's ancestor is Zhang Hui.
Zhang Hui. Zhang was born a long time ago, with a history of about five thousand years. In the era of Huangdi, the ancestor of humanity, Huangdi had a son named Qingyang, and his son Yao was very clever and used his head since he was a child. Once, he looked at the night sky and was inspired by the combination of stars. After research, he invented the bow. At that time, people basically made a living by hunting, and the invention of the bow was a great event, so the Yellow Emperor named it "Gong Zheng", also known as "Gong Chang", and combined the official names into one and gave it the surname "Zhang". Zhang Hui became Zhang's ancestor. It is said that Zhang's ancestor was called "Hua". He is the grandson of the Yellow Emperor (the son of the Yellow Emperor) and a great inventor. He invented the bow and arrow and the net. Bows and arrows and nets, as new production tools at that time, enabled people to hunt more birds and animals, catch more fish and shrimp, and reduce the harm of wild animals to themselves. The clan and tribe to which Bo belongs have produced bows and arrows and fishing nets for generations, so his descendants take "Zhang" as their surname.
The Yellow Emperor is Zhang's recognized blood ancestor and the leader of the Chinese tribal alliance in the ancient legend era. He ruled the world with virtue, benevolence, faith, selecting talents and appointing talents, and severely punishing stubborn killers, creating a prosperous time of singing and dancing.
Zhang Hui is the ancestor of Zhang's surname, but there are two different views on the relationship between Zhang Hui and the Yellow Emperor. One view is that Zhang Hui is the son of the Yellow Emperor, and the other view is that he is the son of Qingyang, Shao Hao, the son of the Yellow Emperor, that is, Zhang Hui is the grandson of the Yellow Emperor. Although the historical records of surnames such as Yuan He Shi Bian, Ancient and Modern Surnames Shu Bian, Surnames in a hurry, New Tang Shu and Prime Minister Shu Biao are different, they all claim that Zhang is the grandson of the Yellow Emperor, saying that Zhang is from Ji, the fifth son of Qingyang, the son of the Yellow Emperor, and wields bows and arrows, which is really a plan to take animals to worship arc stars. Later generations of Zhang compiled Zhang's Genealogy and Zhang's Genealogy, which many people use.
Long Jiayin rebuilt the Tang version of Zhang's Genealogy, Volume III, Textual Research on the Origin of Surnames: "Zhang is from Xuanyuan, Huangdi, Jintian, also known as Qingyang. Wuzi waved an arrow and went to Gong Zheng to worship the arc star. He was appointed viceroy and given the surname Zhang. "
Zhang Hui, the son of the Yellow Emperor, was called "Guang Yun" and "Yi Shi" by Ma Su, and many genealogies of Zhang's descendants agreed with this statement.
China people's surnames have their origins and follow certain principles. The principles of naming surnames can be summarized as: country, city, township, pavilion, and names, characters, birth order, official position, official name, rank, rank, country name, technology, affairs, posthumous title, posthumous title, clan, clan and so on.
Zhang's ancestral surname is also based on the above principles. Although ancient literature records hold different opinions on whether Zhang Hui is the son of the Yellow Emperor or the grandson of the Yellow Emperor, there is no big difference in Zhang Hui's own situation, and they all admit the basic facts that he made bows and arrows, made official bows and worshipped arc stars. However, careful readers will also find from our previous literature that remembering Zhang's lingering surname is slightly different from "watching bows and arrows, giving the surname Zhang", "making bows and arrows at the beginning, making official bows and arrows, worshiping arc stars, giving the surname Zhang" and "making long bows and arrows, being good at Zhang Gang, being hereditary and giving the surname Zhang". On this basis, we can say that the lingering surname is Zhang, that skill is a profession, that official is a surname, or that official is a surname.
Gong Hui Concert Hall
Gong Hui Guild Hall is located in Qinghe County, Hebei Province, which is the birthplace of the Zhang family. Every year, the World Zhang Family Friendship Association is held here. In 2009, Zhang's descendants from more than 30 countries at home and abroad attended the 4th World Zhang Clan Congress. Zhang Park in Qinghe County has one hall and two parks.
"One Hall", that is, China Zhang Ancestral Hall (also known as China Zhang Ancestral Hall), based on the original image of "Mingtang", deduces the "product" style of ancient ancestral worship architecture. The planned construction area is 60,000 square meters, about 90 mu, and the surrounding areas, squares, corridors, etc. are * * * 300 mu.
"Two Gardens", namely Zhang's Cultural Ecological Park and the World Zhang's Industrial Park.
Zhang Cultural Ecological Park surrounds the museum, based on the existing 1000 mu forest park, with the "bow" lake and "ecological" forest as the overall framework, radiating nearly 5,000 mu around, creating a high-grade cultural ecological park integrating ecology, tourism, culture and leisure.
Tianxiazhang Industrial Park, including the cashmere park in the provincial development zone and the Zhang Ecological Park, has a conceptual plan of about 30 square kilometers. It is planned to attract investment as a whole and develop in sections, and eventually it will become a well-known international and domestic park relying on characteristic industries, led by high-tech industries, and gathering talents to start businesses. [Edit this paragraph] Migration distribution
Zhang is an pictograph. He looks like a man who wants to shoot an arrow with a bow.
"Zhang" is the "Zhang" in traditional Chinese, which is composed of a bow and a long left and right. People surnamed Zhang often say "bow" when introducing their surnames to others, which shows that they attach great importance to the "bow" in surnames. From the perspective of philology, "bow" is also the core of the word "Zhang".
Zhang Zi was not found in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, but there are many inscriptions on bronzes and stone tools, and their writing styles are also different. Although these words are written in different ways, they have a basic feature, that is, they cannot be separated from bows, arrows and lengths, especially bows. It can be said that without a bow, there is no Zhang. Judging from the evolution of glyphs, Zhang was originally a combination of bows and arrows. Bow and arrow are naturally combined into one. Where there is a bow, there must be a target, which need not be emphasized. So the arrow gradually withdrew and gave way to the longbow, and finally stabilized into a longbow complex. A long bow means that this bow is more powerful than an ordinary bow.
Zhang Zi has many meanings. The New Chinese Dictionary has 2 1 meaning, and the general dictionary has more than ten meanings such as exaggeration, openness, strength, fullness, posting, reading, hope, expansion and arrangement. But most of them come from later generations, and the earliest dictionaries have few meanings. "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" said: "Zhang, bow string is also. From the bow, long sound. " Guangya Shi San: "Zhang," There is another meaning, which can be seen: "Luo takes birds and animals and says Zhang." He also said, "Zhang, set it up and set it as a machine trap to serve birds and animals."
Zhang also has a surname based on the name of his ancestors. During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a man named Zhang Hou in the State of Jin, named Zhang Jie. Later, he took the word grandfather as his surname. Since then, the state of Jin has a surname of Zhang. In 403 BC, after Zhao, Han and Wei carved up the State of Jin, Zhang's population was also scattered in three vassal states.
Both of these statements explain the origin, reproduction and even the reason why it has become the third largest surname today. First, Zhang has a long history and is one of the earliest surnames in China, which is highly valued. In primitive clan society, hunting is an extremely important means for people to make a living, and the status and role of bows and arrows can be imagined. Moreover, at that time, a few tribes in Dongyi flourished all over the vast area between Shandong Peninsula, northern Jiangsu and Jianghuai. According to legend, Shang tribe is its direct descendant.
Second, the surname Zhang is widely distributed, and Jin has this surname. As the three clans divided into Jin, they spread all over Zhao, Han and Wei, that is, the vast areas of North China and Central Plains today.
There are still many people who have been given the surname Zhang; For example, in the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Liang gave Longyou a title; Zhang Liao, the general of Cao Wei, was originally named Nie and later changed his surname to Zhang. Many non-Han people changed their surnames to Zhang. The Tejia family in Jin Dynasty took Zhang as their surname because they lived in Zhanghuangbao for generations. In the Yuan Dynasty, many Mongolians and Semu people changed their surnames to Han, and they often changed their surnames to Han, which also expanded Zhang's population.
According to records, during the Jin Dynasty, Zhang moved from the Central Plains to Fujian. During his tenure as a general, he was ordered to enter Fujian, accompanied by Zhang of the Central Plains Military Academy. After Wang Chao and Wang entered Fujian, people from Gushi, Henan Province accompanied them to live in Meixi, Gutian, and were later named Liang Guogong. Zhang Fujian was roughly divided into Jianhu, Jin Po, Bangor and other schools according to its place of residence, and later moved to Guangdong. It is said that its ancestors came from Gushi, Gwangju, Henan. Since the early Qing Dynasty, Zhang people from Fujian and Guangdong have moved to Taiwan Province Province, and many people have gone abroad to make a living.
Zhang is mostly from the north, mainly from the Han nationality, but many people have merged into ethnic minorities in many great ethnic integrations. Zhang, who has emigrated overseas, is now mainly distributed in Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines, the United States, Britain, France, Australia, Panama and other countries and Hong Kong.
The Yellow Emperor is Zhang's recognized blood ancestor and the leader of the Chinese tribal alliance in the ancient legend era. He ruled the world with virtue, benevolence, faith, selecting talents and appointing talents, and severely punishing stubborn killers, creating a prosperous time of singing and dancing. [Edit this paragraph] County Hall Number
Wang Jun 1
After Wei and Jin Dynasties, people with the same surname in different regions were called "Wang Jun".
Qinghe County: The Han Dynasty was located in Qingyang (now southeast of Qinghe County, Hebei Province). This Zhang family lives in Wucheng, and its ancestor is Hou's grandson Zhang Xin.
Fanyang County: In the Wei Dynasty of the Three Kingdoms, in the seventh year (AD 226), it was changed to a county, with jurisdiction (now Hebei). The ancestor of this Zhang family is Zhang Yu, the son of Sikong in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Taiyuan County: During the Warring States Period, it was located in Jinyang (now southwest of Taiyuan City). This branch of Zhang's family originated from General Pingdong of the Northern Wei Dynasty and Zhang Wei, the secretariat of Yingzhou.
Jingzhao County: The Han Dynasty was located in Chang 'an (now northwest of Xi City, Shaanxi Province). The ancestor of this branch of the Zhang family is Zhang Tang, an ancient physician in the Western Han Dynasty.
Dunhuang County: Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty separated from Jiuquan County and ruled Dunhuang County (now west of Dunhuang County, Gansu Province). Jurisdiction over the western end of Hexi Corridor.
Anding County: the county was established in the Western Han Dynasty, and the governing office was Gaoping (now Guyuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region). The Eastern Jin Dynasty moved its capital to settle down (now Jingchuan North, Gansu Province). This Zhang family is after Zhang Er, the king of Zhao in the Western Han Dynasty.
Xiangyang County: Xiangyang County was established in the Han Dynasty, and Xiangyang County was established in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Governance in Xiangyang (now Xiangfan City, Hubei Province). Later, Xiangyang was ruled by counties, prefectures, roads and governments. The ancestor of this Zhang family is Zhang Anzhi.
Luoyang county: Qin always set the county, and Eastern Wei set the county. Han and Wei are located on the north bank of Dongluo Water in Baima Temple, Luoyang. Sui and Tang Dynasties moved the capital to the west of Seoul.
Hedong County: Qin County is under the jurisdiction of Anyi (now the northwest of Xia County, Shanxi Province). To the east of the Yellow River, it is now Xiaxian County, Shanxi Province.
Shixing County: The Three Kingdoms Wu was separated from Guiyang County and was under the jurisdiction of Qujiang (now the south of Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province). Governance is equivalent to Lianjiang, Qujiang and Shaoguan in Guangdong Province today.
Fengyi County: Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set Zuo Fengyi, and the Three Kingdoms changed from Wei to Fengyi County. Governance is in Linjin (now Dali, Shaanxi).
Wuxian: In the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Huiji County was established. Governance is located in Wuxian (now Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province). It governs the area south of the Yangtze River in today's Jiangsu Province.
Pingyuan County: Established in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, where it is governed (southwest of Pingyuan County). Governance is equivalent to Pingyuan County in the northwest of Shandong Province today.
Hejian County: It was originally the land of Zhao in the Warring States Period. Emperor Henkel set up a county. Governance is located in Lecheng (now southeast of xian county, Hebei Province). Governance is located in Hejian County, central Hebei Province.
Zhongshan County: During the Warring States Period, it was the country of Zhongshan, and the county was set up by Emperor Gao Han. Governance is located in Lunu (now Dingzhou, Hebei Province). Governance is equivalent to the northern part of Hebei Province today.
Weixian County: the first place of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. It is equivalent to the area between Weixian County, Hebei Province, Xunxian County, Henan Province and guanxian, Shandong Province. Governance is located in Ye County (now southwest of Linzhang County, Hebei Province).
Shu County: It was located in Qin during the Warring States Period and ruled in Chengdu (now Sichuan Province). Jurisdiction over the surrounding areas of Chengdu, Sichuan Province.
Wuwei County: Western Han Dynasty. It is equivalent to the area west of the Yellow River in Gansu and east of Wuwei. Governance in Wuwei (now northeast of Minqin County, Gansu Province).
Qianwei County: Established in the 6th year of Western Han Dynasty. Yizhou is located in the southwest of Yibin County, Sichuan Province. Governance is located in our county (now Zunyi City, Guizhou Province).
Pei Jun County: Emperor Wudi changed surabaya county to Pei Jun County and Guo Pei in the Eastern Han Dynasty. It is located in Xiangxiang County (now northwest of Suixi County, Anhui Province).
Liang Jun: It was founded by Emperor Gaozu and renamed in the Southern Song Dynasty. It is equivalent to the area from Shangqiu, Henan to Dangshan, Anhui. Governance is in Suiyang (now south of Shangqiu, Henan).
Jixian County: The Western Jin Dynasty was established for two years, and it was soon abolished. Governance is located in Jixian County (now southwest of Jixian County, Henan Province).
Hanoi county: Chuhan. It is equivalent to the area of Wuzhi County on the north bank of the Yellow River in Henan Province. Governance is located in Huai County (now southwest of Wuzhi County, Henan Province).
Gaoping County: In the first year of Taishi in the Western Jin Dynasty, the original Shanyang County was changed to Gaoping County, located in Juye County, Shandong Province. Governance is located in Changyi (now south of Juye County, Shandong Province).
Shanggu County: Yan State was established during the Warring States Period, which was ruled by the Qin Dynasty (now southeast of Huailai, Hebei Province).
2. Hall number
Qinghetang: Zhang surname, ancestor Zhang Hui, name Yu Jue, name Tianlu. He is the son or grandson of the Yellow Emperor, and he was given the surname Zhang. Or when he first made bows and arrows, he was given the surname Zhang, the official was a bow and arrow, and he was in charge of the world and was given the surname Zhang. Or he was born with a long bow and arrow. He is good at Zhang, and he inherited his position because he was given the surname Zhang. Living in the county south of Qinghe, Han belongs to Qinghe County and Qinghe County. Later generations, Zhang's genealogy thought that the county was the hope, but most of them took Qinghe as the county hope, and the words "Qinghe Hall" were often marked on the genealogy to show the place where ancestors lived forever. Qinghe is a very old river, which was the dividing line between Qi and Zhao during the Warring States Period. According to the Water Classic Note, it originated in northern Henan, below Wei County in Hebei Province, and has been called Qinghe. The northeast flows through the ancient city north of Qinghe County, south of Jingxian County, to Dongguang West, and slightly flows into the sea along Weihe River and Haihe River. After the Sui Dynasty, Yongji Canal (a part of Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal), which led below Dongguang, was gradually abandoned above the Northeast. There is no Qinghe in Qinghe County today.
Bai Rentang: When Tang Gaozong Taishan was closed to the outside world (665), he visited Zhang Gongyi (the grandson of the 26th generation Sean, born in 577-676, at the age of 88) when he passed through Puyang as Shouzhang (now Taiqian County, Puyang City). The former Li Shimin lost his front foot in front of Gongyi, and Gongyi was rescued to his hometown for healing, but the people did not tell the truth. In the ninth year of Zhenguan (635), the people wrote the gold tablet of Boxer Tang Guang and distributed it to the people. )。 According to Zi Jian, "Zhang Gongyi IX belonged to Shou Zhang, and lived together. Qi, Sui and Tang all showed their doors and lived in Shou Zhang. Fortunately, the Ministry can still live in it, and the word' forbearance' is used in public art books. (The content is: Father and son can't bear to lose filial piety, brothers can't bear to be bullied by outsiders, sisters-in-law can't bear to be separated, and mother-in-law can't bear to lose filial piety ...) Give them a kind gift. " Tang Gaozong's calligraphy "Hundred Endurances and Righteousness" has four characters. Feng Gongyi is a drunk hometown Hou, and his eldest son Hida is the master of ceremonies (Shouzhang County Records). Therefore, Zhang Xu wrote a poem saying, "Zhang Gong wrote forbearance, while Tang Dynasty wrote famous festivals. The son of heaven asked, and the watch hung in the door. Hongdu is an old county town, and the Qinghe veins last forever. Children and grandchildren must remember, and the poems of the family are based on this. " Later, people took "forbearance" as their symbol.
In addition, Zhang's main hall names are: Jinjiantang, Xiaoyao Hall, Qinmutang, guanyin temple, Yanyitang, Dunmutang, Zongyuetang, Jingyitang and Yuanlutang. [Edit this paragraph] Zhang's family teacher Zhang Gongyi Bai Renge
Among the hundreds of surnames in zhongshan town (now Zhongshan City), family precepts attach great importance to interpersonal relationship and family relationship, which is the key to the harmony of hundreds of surnames. The Song of Deficiency in Qing Dynasty and the Song of No Anger in History are well known to the world, but the Song of Endurance, which is circulated in Zhongshan Town, is rarely known. Put together, these three songs are actually the three realms of a person's self-cultivation. Members of the Zhang family in the martial arts school took the "Song of a Hundred People with a Bow" as their ancestral motto and passed it down from generation to generation. In the middle of each hall, a plaque of "White Liu Ren Square" is hung and painted with gold, which is very spectacular. Although it is Zhang's family motto, other surnames are actually being read, which has become a harmonious way for hundreds of surnames in a small geographical environment. Song of Endurance is easy to understand, and it is about the past and the present. Although it is not perfect, it has played a certain regulatory role in dealing with issues such as good neighborliness, interpersonal relationship and family. Song of Endurance is also a criterion of personal cultivation, which embodies a realm of life and encourages family members to become excellent members. It can also be seen that "Hundred Endurance Songs" is a reflection of the formation of Hakka character and an important page in family training culture. The forbearance mentioned in "Hundred Endurance Songs" belongs to the method of adjusting mentality in mental health, that is, when encountering bad emotions, we should advocate "reason", pay attention to "nurturing", master ourselves and control our emotions. If you don't control your emotions and let them indulge, not only the people around you can't stand it, but also it is extremely harmful to your body. From childhood to illness, life is in danger. So for now, "forbearance" is also of positive significance. This "Zhang Gong Song Bairen" is divided into two parts:
Hundred forbearance songs, hundred forbearance songs; Tolerance is the generosity of adults, and tolerance is the foundation of a gentleman;
Can endure summer is not hot, can endure winter is not cold; Can endure poverty and happiness, and can endure life forever;
Tilt if you can't bear it, and lose if you can't bear it;
Can't bear to turn small things into big things, and can't bear to hate good things;
Father and son can't bear to lose filial piety, and brothers can't bear to lose love and respect;
Friends can't bear to lose loyalty, and couples can't bear to compete;
Liu Ling lost her reputation just for wine; Chen Ling destroyed the country, only for color;
Shi Chong lost everything, just for money; Xiang Yu gave his life just because he couldn't bear it;
Nowadays, criminals can't tolerate people; Since ancient times, entrepreneurs, who do not forbear.
Hundred forbearance songs, hundred forbearance songs; The benevolent can't bear it, and the wise can't bear it.
Think about it and bear it, pretend to be deaf and bear it; Endure the word can be all over the world, endure neighbors;
Endure indifference to nourish the soul, and endure hunger and cold to stand up; Hard-working, bear bohemian, moaning without illness;
Endure the flesh and blood, endure the life of all things; Endure words to avoid right and wrong, endure fights to eliminate regrets;
If you can't stand a person's scolding, his evil mouth will be quiet; If you can't fight back, you will get bored.
You should know that tolerance is a true gentleman, not that tolerance is stupid; When people are patient, they just laugh at dementia. Only when they are patient do they know that they have self-knowledge.
Even if people laugh, they should bear it, and if they don't listen, they can't bear it; Fools in the world laugh but are impatient, while immortals are heavy and impatient;
If I don't have to endure, people don't have to endure; When things come, we should bear them most. When things are over, we will bear them again.
Life is not afraid of a hundred forbearance, but a forbearance; If you can't bear it, all the blessings will disappear. If you can bear it, all the disasters will turn to ashes.
Zhang jiaxun
I have tasted the country, and I am not dead. How can I be hungry and cold? If you go to the task, although you are rich in land, you can't own it. In modern times, scholar-officials worked in Guangtian House, and I had nothing to do with it.
Comments:
China people often have the concept of "future generations, future generations", but Zhang believes that if their children and grandchildren are promising, they don't need their parents to buy farmland houses widely; If children and grandchildren are corrupt, even if houses are widely bought, it is only for these corrupt children and grandchildren. This view is still quite meaningful today.