South Vietnam has outstanding people and talented people, and Li Bi is one of them. He lived in seclusion in Nanyue and was sealed. He returned to Nanyue after his death and formed an indissoluble bond with Nanyue. He is a model in many ways, because he has made great achievements outside and practiced Buddhism inside. For some reason, historians have different views on him. Li Bizhuan in Old Tang Dynasty said that he was "nameless" after his appearance, and Taiping Guangji even listed his deeds as a "demon". These views are biased, and we have the responsibility to evaluate him realistically.
First, Taoism is natural.
Li Bi was able to leave a brilliant record in the history books, mainly because of his political achievements. However, Li Bi came into contact with Taoism earlier and often participated in political activities as a Taoist. So, let's talk about his belief in Taoism first.
According to the Legend of the Leaf Monkey, Li Bi showed various supernatural phenomena before he was born. First, a strange monk predicted that Zhou (Li Bi's mother)' s third son would be the emperor's teacher. Later, "Zhou Huai and secrete, every third anniversary, Fang Sheng, secrete as for the eyebrow. First of all, every week is bound to be tired and tired, but it is innocent, so the fine print is/hectare. " When I was a child, Li Bi could stand on the screen without any practice, or at
Walking on the cage, a Taoist saw it and asserted, "I will ascend to heaven during the day on the fifteenth day of the first month." Ascending to heaven by day means leaving the world to become immortal. Although it is a good thing to be immortal, parents and relatives who have no choice but to stay in the world can't bear to be separated from such an excellent child anyway, so a war between man and god began. "Biography of Ye Hou" records: "Parents cherish, relatives love, hear about it, if something happens. When there is a strange smell and music in the air, Gong Li's blood will be scolded. On August 5, 2008, there were songs in the room and colorful clouds hanging on the trees in the courtyard. Li Gongzhi's love is to pound garlic and greet it several times.
Its strange smell makes people climb into the house, pour garlic with a huge spoon, and the fragrance and music are scattered. "In this battle, the Li family finally won. Although Li Bi's ascension to heaven during the day was delayed, there was still a prime minister named Li, who benefited the country and the people.
Later, when Li Mi traveled in Hengshan Mountain and Songshan Mountain, he "met a fairy and a real person, admired Mr. Menzi and Mr. An Qisheng, feathered cars and made festivals, with brilliant clouds and burning valleys. He still gave Shu Nai the way to live forever, emerged and took the bait, saying:' If you are born too expensive, the country will decline, and the court will be both civil and military. "(Biography of Ye Hou) This record is obviously mythical, but it also shows that Li Bi had the experience of practicing Buddhism in the mountains in his early years. Since then, Li Mi has been eating gas for a long time, practicing the essence of Huang Lao Gu.
Li Bi's parents died in the 12th year of Tianbao (753). After that, Li Bi's main interest was to learn Taoism. "Biography of Ye Hou" said: "It is difficult to secrete from the Ding family, and there is no hope for being an official. I believe in practicing Buddhism and traveling around famous mountains. Mr. Zhang of Yinan Yue was blocked, and Mr. Zhang and Mr. Zhang pursued him. " According to this record, although Li Bi studied Taoism very early, it was only during his life in Hengshan that he officially became a monk. So we say that Li Mi is a Taoist in Hengshan Mountain.
During his study of Taoism in Hengshan Mountain, Li Bi still suffered a lot. He lived in the mountains for many years and was killed by bandits at night, throwing himself into a deep valley. The wise man, however, climbs out of his path and borrows leaves, slightly without loss "("Biography of Ye Hou "). But for the thick dead leaves in the valley, Li Mi almost died. Li Bi has made great achievements in Taoism because he has been studying Taoism for many years. It is said that he can eat nothing for years, be as light as a swallow, let his fingers vent and blow out candles. Some of his unique ways of seclusion have also been imitated by later generations: "Every time I visit, I choose different secluded things, use strange branches, and live in seclusion, which is called nourishing harmony. People have done this so far, so I wrote "Nourishing Harmony" to sacrifice Su Zong. " (Biography of Ye Houchuan) "(Li Mi) hides Hengshan Mountain, ... trying to hide his back by loosening absurd branches, which is called" nourishing harmony ",and then he gets a dragon shape, because Xian Di competes with all directions. "
(Biography of Li Mi in the New Tang Dynasty) These two records are similar, which shows that Li Mi's regimen had a great influence at that time. In addition, his way of offering sacrifices to the gods was also accepted by people at that time: "Secretions were also used as neutralizing wine to pay homage to the foolish gods in order to pray for the new year's valley, which has been in use ever since." It should be said that Li Bi was an influential figure in religious circles at that time.
Regarding the situation after Li Bi's death, Biography of Ye Gong said: "It was a gift to the Crown Prince in March. It was in the middle of the month that Yuan Linmi, who went against the blue customs, rode a horse alone in secret, saying that he would go to Hengshan temporarily, so the reunion of the four dynasties was sad to leave. Wen Fong is the best in Chang 'an. "This record illustrates two problems. First, people believe that he became an immortal after his death, which further shows that his religious status in people's minds is very high. Second, he finally chose Hengshan as his home, or at that time people thought he had the deepest fate with Hengshan, so he said so. Being sealed in Hengshan Mountain and finally returning to Hengshan Mountain shows that Li Bi's political career was in the imperial court and his religious career was in Hengshan Mountain.
Second, outstanding ability to govern the country.
Li Bi is an outstanding politician. Below, we will briefly introduce him from the aspects of philosophy, politics, military affairs and economy.
In philosophy, Li Bi opposes the conclusion of fate.
History as a Mirror (Volume 226) records that in the first year of Jianzhong (780), the warlock Sang Daomao wrote to Dezong and said, "Your Majesty will leave the palace in a few years. I hope that Fengtian has the spirit of an emperor, because its city is high and high. " In the fourth year of Jianzhong (783), due to the mutiny, Dezong really fled to Fengtian. Afterwards, Dezong talked about this matter and thought it was destiny takes a hand, which could not be changed by human power. Then, Li Mi had a wonderful conversation with Dezong: (Li Mi) said to him, "Those who are married have already spoken. God created life, not words. If you promise, you will no longer reward good and punish evil. Jay said, "Do I have a life during the day?" Featuring counted and said, "go ahead!
There is a destiny. Your life, then Jie Li, Zhouyi. "The emperor said," Please don't say any more. " (New Tang Book)
Through this dialogue, we can see that Li Bi is a very sober politician, especially in ancient times when the thought of destiny was strong. His thought of valuing people over life is the basic guarantee to guide his political career.
Politically, Li Bi showed his talent very early. When he was a few years old, he criticized the famous Zhang Jiuling face to face for not liking "softness", which made Zhang Jiuling admire him so much that he even called him a "little friend" (Biography of Li Bizhuan in the New Tang Dynasty). His political talent is mainly manifested in the following aspects.
First of all, he is good at coordinating the relations within the ruling group. This is very important. Whether the internal relations of the ruling group are harmonious or not directly determines the success or failure of this group. After Su Zong acceded to the throne, he intended to be the versatile Jianning Wang Li, talking about being the grand marshal of the world's military forces, while Li Bi advocated that his younger brother, Prince Li Yu (that is, Daizong), should be appointed. The prince exists in name only, and the marshal has real power. The separation of the two will inevitably lead to the split of the regime. Su Zong followed Li Bi's advice. After Li Tan was killed, Li Bi advised Dai Zong to make him emperor (see New Tang Book)
Books, biographies of eleven philosophers). These practices not only coordinated the relationship between brothers, but also ensured the unity of political power. After the restoration of Beijing, Li Bi once again coordinated the father-son relationship between Xuanzong and Su Zong. At that time, Su Zong played Xuanzong, who took refuge in Shu, and expressed his willingness to return to the East Palace as a prince. Li Mi asserted that Xuanzong would not come back. When Su Zong asked what to do, "Bi Weichen told me that the son of heaven is homesick for the morning, please hurry it back and raise it with filial piety." After receiving the first memorial, Xuanzong really said, "You give yourself with my sword, and you will never go to the East again." It was not until I received the second paper that I happily went back to be the "son of heaven". Because Xuanzong knew that even if his son really gave way, those heroes would not be willing, and the result of power transfer would probably cause another turmoil, not to mention that he was old. Li Bi can be said to have an insight into various political relations and the psychology of political figures, thus making appropriate arrangements accordingly.
Secondly, Li Bi has a broad politician's mind. When Su Zong was a prince, Prime Minister Li framed the prince many times, and the prince was almost in jeopardy. After Su Zong ascended the throne, he wanted revenge: "(Su Zong) bears a grudge and wants to dig graves and burn bones. This is a sign that the world is not wide and threatens the emperor. From the disciples, you can explain to the thief. The emperor was unhappy and said,' Have you forgotten the past?' Yes:' I am not here. The emperor has been alive for 50 years. Once frustrated, the climate in the south is bad and the spring and autumn are high. I will be ashamed when I hear that your majesty has recorded old grievances. In case of illness, your majesty will be unable to settle down because of the vastness of heaven and earth. Realizing this, the emperor hugged his neck and cried, saying,' I am not as good as this.' "(Biography of Li Mi in the New Tang Dynasty) Li Mi strongly hoped that Su Zong could appear before his subjects as an enlightened emperor. He asked others to do this and asked himself to do it. In the third year of Zhenyuan (787), when Li Bi was appointed as prime minister, he said to the emperor, "I have always been a Taoist and don't hate people. ..... I have nothing to report. " (History as a Mirror, Volume 232) This fully shows the tolerance of a religious scholar and politician.
Third, anti-compromise, anti-secession, with the heroic demeanor of politicians.
Four years after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Jingyuan turned our times against Yao Lingyan. Then, Li Huaiguang, Qiu Heshuo made our opposition. In addition, there was a serious drought and locust plague at that time, and Dezonne was in diplomatic difficulties, so some ministers proposed to compromise with Li Huaiguang. At this time, "Li Bi broke a tung leaf and sent it forward, saying,' Your Majesty and Huai Guang can't reconcile the points of monarch and minister, so the leaf is gone.' The reason is unforgivable (Biography of Li Bi in the New Tang Dynasty). Li Bi clearly analyzed the relationship between Li Huaiguang and the imperial court by literary romanticism, persuaded the emperor, and Li Huaiguang's rebellion was finally quelled.
This is the attitude towards domestic experts, and it is also the attitude towards foreign strong enemies. During Zhu Zhi's rebellion, he turned to Tubo for help, and promised to cede Anxi and Beiting to Tubo when it was done. Later, the rebels were defeated by Tang Jun's strength, but instead of actively participating in the invasion, Tubo did not even try hard to pursue the defeated rebels, and took the opportunity to seize Wudu area. After the rebellion, Tubo sent messengers to ask for land, and agreed, but Li Bi firmly opposed it, saying, "Anxi and Beiting control fifty-seven countries and ten surnames in the western region, and they all guard their troops to divide the Tubo situation so that they can't invade the East together." Today, with its land, Guanzhong is in danger. What's more, Tubo is a thief, but he doesn't fight at both ends and plunders my martial arts. What can we do with it? "("Biography of Li Mi in the New Tang Dynasty ") Li Mi's opinion is very reasonable, and the court finally refused to cede the land.
Through these two things, we can see the stronger side than fortitude. He not only defended the dignity of the court, but also defended the dignity of the nation and the interests of the country.
Fourth, it has the traditional scholar-bureaucrat spirit.
None of the above examples directly involve Li Bi's personal interests, so how does Li Bi behave when it comes to his own safety? Li Yong (Shunzong) was made Prince, and the mother of the Crown Princess was a princess of Gao, who was imprisoned for seduction. This matter naturally involved the prince, so Dezong deliberately abolished the prince who knew nothing about seduction. In this regard, Li Bi was so firmly opposed that Dezong said, "Are you against my wishes and ignoring your family's dirty linen?" Actually threatening Li Bi with genocide, Li Bi insisted more firmly: "The world is old, it is the prime minister, and it is also an admonition. .................................................................................................................................................................................. In the face of right and wrong, Li Bi did not compromise, regardless of the life of the whole family, and even argued with the emperor dozens of times. This mighty and unyielding spirit is really rare.
In addition to the above, Li Bi has many achievements, such as adjusting official salaries, reducing redundant staff, how to arrange heroes and so on. All these can correct the current disadvantages and get good results.
Militarily, Li Bi's talent is no less than his political talent.
When An Shi Rebellion and Su Zong Lingwu ascended the throne, Li Bi made a correct prediction on the fate of the country. First, there are two reasons why the rebels have been rampant for a long time. First, most of the people who took part in the rebellion were foreigners, and few were from China, indicating that the Anshi Rebellion did not get the support of the people in the Central Plains. Second, the rebels sent all the looted property back to their home, john young, in a corner. It can be seen that the rebels have no ambition to unify the country at all. Secondly, Li Bi made a counter-insurgency strategy for Su Zong: "Today, Li Guangbi is ordered to stay in Taiyuan and go out of Jingxing, and Guo Ziyi is taking Feng Yi into Hedong, so that Shi Siming and Zhang Zhongzhi dare not go out of Changshan, An Shouzhong and Tian Gan, and they are forbidden to go out of Chang 'an. Ashina has only those who follow Lushan Mountain. Make the instrument not flashy, make the thief enter the customs, then keep john young in the north, save Chang 'an in the west, and travel thousands of miles. Its skillful and vigorous riding will be harmful in the next few years. I often wait for merit, avoid its front, cut its labor, recruit soldiers to help its wind, and attack each other with Taiyuan and Shuofang troops. Xu Ming appointed Wang Jianning as our ambassador to john young, merged with Guangbi in the north and took john young. If a thief loses his nest, he must be in the hands of general Henan. " (Biography of Li Mi in the New Tang Dynasty) Li Mi's strategy is very correct. He repeatedly warned Su Zong to be "impatient" and to take a long-term view, with the aim of driving the rebels out of their lair and catching them all, leaving no future trouble. At first, this plan was approved by Su Zong, but later Su Zong was eager for quick success and instant benefit, insisting on recovering Chang 'an first, and as a result, the rebels were driven back to Hebei, forming a separatist situation with endless future troubles. Li Bi's speech can be compared with Zhuge Liang's Longzhong Dui, but unfortunately, for various reasons, both military strategists failed to realize their ideals.
Li Bi also wrote "Reconstructing the Civil Service System", hoping to restore the original civil service system, thus fundamentally curbing the warlord regime. However, this suggestion did not get the attention it deserved, so that decades later, Du Mu raised this question again in The Original Sixteen Guards. On the economic front, although Li Bi did not directly manage the national finance, he also showed some talents.
In ancient times, water transportation was a national event with many difficulties. While Samby was an observer, Li Mi dug a mountain to make way for reimbursement. Because this greatly improved the food supply in the capital, Li Bi was promoted to proofreading and etiquette minister. After taking office, he tried to reform some shortcomings in economic management. "Biography of Li Bi in the New Tang Dynasty" records: "At that time, Xian Di, a private town, was 500,000 years old, but it was slightly damaged to 300,000. The emperor asked the world to donate one million yuan to the palace and advised him not to give it privately. If the imperial edict demands it, that is, paying two taxes, then the town can enforce the law and the world will be loose. " These reform measures not only increased the national income, but also reduced the burden on the people.
In a word, Li Bi is politically successful. Liu Wei, who was born and raised at that time, said: "The resumption of diplomatic relations between the two cities was mostly based on conspiracy, and its contribution was greater than that of Lu Lian and Fan Li." (The Biography of Li Mi in the New Tang Dynasty) compares Li Mi with the idols of Lu Lian and Fan Li in the minds of literati in previous dynasties, and this evaluation can be said to be quite high.
Third, a witty attitude towards life.
We say that Li Bi's attitude towards life is very witty, which fully shows the superb wisdom of a politician and religious scholar, mainly in three aspects.
First, the official is an official, and Cain is a hermit, practicing the Taoist spirit of "no self" and the Confucian attitude of "omnipotent".
It is advocated by both Taoism and Confucianism not to stick to the rules and conform to the objective situation to achieve the freedom of provenance, and Li Bi has done this. We integrated the old and new Tang Shu and Zi Tongzhi Jian, and learned that Li Bi left the power center-the imperial court at least four times for various reasons:
The first time happened in Tianbao period of Xuanzong. Li Bi, who lived in seclusion in Songshan at that time, wrote a letter to Xuanzong to discuss current politics, which was valued by Xuanzong. "I'm going to call the Hanlin and still worship in the East Palace." However, Yang was jealous and wrote "the feeling of poetry" to satirize the failure of state affairs. As a result, Li Mi was sent to Qichun County (now Qichun County, Hubei Province) for resettlement, and simply left the government, "living in seclusion in a famous mountain, learning to hide himself" ("Biography of Li Bizhuan in Old Tang Dynasty").
The second time happened from Suzong to the end of Germany and the beginning of Ganyuan. Since Su Zong Lingwu ascended the throne, Li Mi has been by Su Zong's side, making suggestions for counterinsurgency. Biography of Li Mi in Old Tang Dynasty said that although he did not hold an important position at that time, he was "more powerful than the prime minister". It is this extremely close relationship with the emperor that aroused the suspicion of the powerful minister Cui Yuanhe Lee. After recovering the capital, in order to avoid possible disasters at any time, and because the overall situation of counterinsurgency has been set, Li Bi left the power center on his own initiative and entered Hengshan for practice. "There are three books to record, and there are hermits to serve in the room" ("Biography of Li Bi in the New Tang Dynasty").
The third time happened in the calendar year of Daizong. As soon as Dai Zonggang acceded to the throne, he immediately called from Hengshan to Beijing, appointed him a bachelor of Hanlin, forced him to eat meat, and married his niece Li @, which was left by Shuo Fang. Yuan Zai, a powerful minister at that time, thought that Li Bi's refusal to cling to the imperial court was a potential threat to himself. At this time, Wei Shaoyou just asked the court to send some aides for him because he was observing in Jiangxi, so Yuan Zai claimed that Li Bi was talented and could hold this position, so he kicked Li Bi out of the court in the name of reusing talents. By the way, Yuan Zai is a scholar who started his career by taking an examination of the old, Zhuang, Lie and Wen, but he can't tolerate fellow travelers. The fourth time happened at the end and beginning of Dai. In the 12th year of Dali (777), Yuan Zai was punished, and Li Bi was recalled, but was again rejected by the long stick. First of all, Li Bi was sent to Xia (now Lixian County, Hunan Province) as an ambassador, and soon he was transferred to the secretariat of Hangzhou.
In fact, Li Bi had the experience of leaving Beijing for the fifth time. In the fourth year of Jianzhong (783), Jingyuan mutiny, Dezong fled to Fengtian, and the dangerous Dezong called Li Bi to his side. This time, Li Bi only stayed in the imperial court for two years, and was appointed as an observer of Shanbi in the first year of Zhenyuan (785). The observer's status is relatively high, so it can't be regarded as being excluded. In the third year of Zhenyuan (787), Li Bi returned to the imperial court, served as prime minister (with the official seal of Zhongshu), and sealed Ye Hou. In the fifth year of Zhenyuan (789), a generation of wizards Li Bi died.
He was pushed out of the imperial court four times and returned to the imperial court four times, and each time he received more attention, which was rare in the history of China. The reason for his repeated setbacks is mainly due to his way of life and open-minded attitude. Every time he was expelled from the imperial court, although we were not sure that he had no resentment, we didn't hear his complaints, which was the fundamental guarantee for him to make a comeback and not be persecuted further. Li Bi entered Beijing as an official five times, except for the first two times (the second Su Zong called Li Bi and Li Jue was sealed).
That is, get up and go), the last three calls show that Li has reached the realm of conforming to foreign things and being without me. Li Bi also achieved the Confucian thought of "using it for things, giving it up for hiding", in which "doing" is to make contributions, while "hiding" is to cultivate the mind, with rich sources and calm mood. If he complains all day, is full of sorrow and resents his injustice, his health will probably not last until he becomes a minister. Li Bi's calm attitude towards personal honor and disgrace is also enlightening to people today.
Second, remember and show your identity as a Taoist in cloth anytime and anywhere, so as not to cause harm to the whole body.
Li Bi lives in an era of war. The court in which he lives is a court with extremely sharp contradictions. How to protect yourself in this extremely complicated environment is a problem that everyone, especially those in power, will encounter at that time. Yang and Li, they squeezed out Li Bi mentioned above; Yuan zai was in power for a while, and then he was killed in a political struggle.
Li Bi's way to protect himself is to keep a certain distance from the power center while making contributions to the country. "Biography of Li Bizhuan in the New Tang Dynasty" records: "Su Zong ascended the throne as a spiritual martial art, and he will secrete himself when he searches for it. I have seen the success or failure of Chen Tianxia, and I am pleased with it. I want to be an official, and I am willing to be a guest. When people discuss state affairs and go out to accompany them, they all say,' Those who wear yellow are saints and those who wear white are mountain people. The purpose of Li Bi's determination to serve the country as a white man is nothing more than to show the authorities around the emperor that he has no political ambitions, so as not to be involved in the struggle for power and interests.
After entering the power center, Li Bi always claimed to be a fairy in the world, and even announced it to the public in an absurd form. "Tang Shi Addendum" records: "Li Xiangbi took up his post under a false background. The taster said,' Tell your family to sweep quickly, and Mr. Hongya will stay tonight.' Someone left the wine.
As soon as there were guests, I said,' Ma Gu brought wine and poured it with you.' Before the water was finished, the shovel said,' An assistant minister took the child away.' Secreted life is also slightly colorless. "Li Bi with such political talent is ridiculous to this extent. Especially after the lie was exposed, Li Bi was able to take it in stride without shame, which was incredible. It is precisely because of these reasons that Li Bi's behavior is "out of date" (citing the biography of Li Bi in the Tang Dynasty). "I have the strategy to talk about the mysterious birth, so I am the light of the world." (History as a Mirror, Volume 233) "Being resourceful" and "being good at telling fairy tales" are a pair of contradictions in themselves, because truly wise people will not fall into fairy tales. So, can we look at the problem from another angle? "Talking about the mysterious birth of immortals" is a reflection of Li Bi's "strategy". Ouyang Xiu, Song Qi and others have all seen this: "Dezong is good at ghosts and gods, and Tamanosuke is also strange in using it." It is of course reasonable to say that Li Mi helped herself in the name of ghosts and gods. In ancient times, countless politicians were taught by ghosts and gods, which is just one of the reasons. Another reason is that Li Bi shows the true face of the immortal family everywhere, so that his colleagues can understand that his fundamental interests are not in the world, but in heaven. In this way, he will have less friction with secular people and be safer himself. We are not all guessing when we say this. "Biography of Ye Gong" records: "(Li Bi) said,' If I wish, I will be different from others. Su Zong said,' Why?' The secretion said,' I am absolutely homeless, and Lu's position and dirt are not what I want. For your majesty's sake,
After receiving the capital, but sleeping on the emperor's knee, it is enough for the company to be a guest star and violate the throne. "Li Bi repeatedly stressed that he was an" absolutely homeless "outsider, who didn't fight for fame and fortune, or worldly fame and fortune was useless to him. This is nothing more than asking people with fame and fortune, including the emperor, not to regard themselves as competitors. Li Bi's whole strategy is to participate in world political activities as an outsider. Actually, it's the same. Hearing these words, Su Zong felt much more at ease with him, and soon satisfied Li Mi's desire to sleep on his right knee. "Information" Volume 2 19 also records that Li Bi had an appointment with Sue before: "As soon as,
Ping Shi Jing, then go back to the mountain. "After recovering the capital, Li Mi, regardless of Su Zong's sincere retention, resolutely went to Nanyue as a Taoist to go to the factory.
Third, retreat modestly.
Modesty is advocated by both Taoism and Confucianism. "Shangshu Dayu Mo": "Full loss, modest benefit." Chapter 67 of Laozi says: "Jianghai can be the king of all the valleys and learn from it." Chapter 44 also says: "Knowing enough is not shameful, and knowing enough is not dangerous." Li Bi knows this well. Li Bi's Biography in the New Tang Dynasty records that Li Bi insisted on removing the word "big" and only sealing the title of "bachelor" in order to make him a Ji Xian and a scholar in Chongwen Hall. Later, people who were awarded the title of "Master of a Generation" also took Li Bi as an example and dared not call it "Da". In terms of money, Li Bi is even more so. During the period of turmoil, the items given to officials by the imperial court were "three lost's two losses", which was later slightly stable. "The emperor returned the old seal." So Li Sheng, Ma Sui and Hunjian each ate their own food, sealed it and called it to them, but they couldn't give it (Biography of Li Mi in the New Tang Dynasty). Li Bi's ability to remain humble in the face of fame and fortune is another manifestation of his shrewdness.
As for Li Bi's attitude of modesty and retreat, people have already seen the record in Volume 232 of Zi Jian: "According to legend, Bi said,' Qing was an official in Lingwu, and Qing gave in. It can be seen that Li Bi's "concession" attitude left a deep impression on the monarch and subjects at that time.
Fourth, the literary wizard of Zaohui
Li Mi's family has attached importance to reading education for generations. According to the Legend of Leaf Monkey, Li Bi's father, Li Chengxiu, collected more than 20,000 books and warned future generations not to let them spread. If you want readers, you can read and provide them in other hospitals. These books are at least preserved to Li Fan, Li Bi's son. Han Yu said in "Send Zhuge Jue to Suizhou to study": "Ye Hou's family has many books and has 30,000 axes. Hang toothpicks one by one, if the hands are new. Study hard, but don't just skim through it. What is great is a group of holy scriptures, openly holding their bellies. After more than 50 years of travel, I have gone out six times. There is an old Lu in Jingyi who can't stay for a long time. There are so many officials in Taige that there is no place to send their feet. Although I am a DPRK official, my momentum is shrinking. I spoke for the Prime Minister many times, but I didn't record it. Watching me cross Shanghai, I can't turn my eyes. The child travels from it and learns what he wants. " "Ye Hou" here refers to Li Fan, the secretariat of Suizhou at that time. This poem shows that the books of the Li family were famous all over the world at that time, and some people even went from Beijing to borrow them from the Li family. At the same time, it also shows that Han Yu, a scholar, maintained a good relationship with the Li family.
Li Bi, who grew up in this family environment, naturally benefited a lot. Li Mi was born in the 10th year of Xuanzong in Tang Dynasty (722) and 16th year of Xuanzong (728). At the age of seven, Li Bi was able to write poems for Wen. At a gathering of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, Xuanzong invited him to the palace. At this time, Li Bi conquered the monarch and subjects with extraordinary literary talent. "Biography of Li Mi in the New Tang Dynasty" records: "When the secretion arrived, the emperor and Yan Gong said that they were watching the game because they made the test possible. He said, "Please give Fiona Fang a sport," he said, "I want to hear it. "Say the reason:' Square is like chess, round is like chess, moving is like chess, and static is like chess.' Secretion is the answer:' If you are just, if you are round, if you use wisdom, if you are smart, if you are quiet, if you are proud. Zhang was a talented poet at that time and was called a "great hand" by people at that time. His and Li Bi's short poems are all improvised. In contrast, Li Bi's works at the age of seven far surpass those of Zhang in his fifties. No wonder, after the poem was written, he said, "It is the child's spirit, which is greater than the body. "Give a bundle of silk and tell his family:' Take good care of it.' (Biography of Li Bichuan in the New Tang Dynasty) Later, Zhang Jiuling and Yan Tingzhi, the important officials, all attached great importance to him. Seven-year-old children received unanimous attention from the imperial court, which is extremely rare in the history of China.
At the age of seventeen, Li Bi wrote another poem "Long Songs": "Heaven covers me, earth carries me, and heaven and earth give birth to me intentionally or unintentionally? Otherwise, the grain will ascend to heaven, or Mingke will visit the Imperial Capital. How can you not go back without being expensive? Be the husband of 1-the husband of ——Xi, and have a good ambition in life. Please look at it for a hundred years, and the industry is flat and the five lakes are full. " It can be said that 17-year-old Li Bi designed a life for herself, that is, learning to be immortal or making achievements. In fact, Li Bi's life is indeed wandering on these two roads. According to Ye Gong's legend, this poem has been widely circulated since its publication. Because the ambition expressed in the poem is very obvious, Zhang Jiuling warned him: "If you get a good reputation too early, you will lose something. We should keep a low profile and do what we can. What about the boy? But on poetry, it is better to admire the scenery and praise the ancient sages than to praise yourself. " Li Bi was very moved after hearing this. "Later it was Wen, no longer talking about himself."
According to historical records, he is a poet (Biography of Li Mi in the Old Tang Dynasty), and he has written many poems, such as Fu, Jiu Ding Yi (saying that they are one person), Ming Xin Lun, Yang He Pian, Wan Ge Ci, Eight Gong Poems and Poems for Feeling.
Li Bi also keeps close contact with poets. Gu Kuang, a famous poet, once worshipped Li Bi as a teacher: "I am good at Li Bi, so I can learn it and be convinced by him, so I can not eat all day. He also secreted his phase and claimed to be an official. He moved to A Lang for a long time. " (Biography of Gu Kuang, a Talented Scholar of Tang Dynasty)
Besides literary creation, Li Bi is also very accomplished academically. He is proficient in Zhouyi and Laozi. Xuanzong once called him into the palace to teach Laozi and participated in the study of national history in his later years. Some of the articles we quoted above are academic works.
Li Bi's life is a life of self-improvement and success. Li Bi's evaluation in the Book of Tang Dynasty is not high, but the Book of New Tang Dynasty changed this view, saying that "he sought loyalty to others, but he ignored lofty, and he was wise in all aspects. He built a slaughterhouse and made a name for himself as soon as he died". Of course, this passage is praised and reserved. The reason for this is that the old and new books in the Tang Dynasty were written by Confucian scholars. If the authors can jump out of the barriers of the three religions, look at Li Bi from a higher cultural perspective and understand Li Bi's painstaking efforts from the complicated political environment at that time, then their evaluation of Li Bi will definitely be higher.