Dai language belongs to the traditional phonetic writing of Zhuang and Dong languages in Tibetan.
Dai believes in Hinayana Buddhism.
Dai people have a long history. There were Dai people in China in 1 century BC. In BC 109, Yizhou County was established in the Han Dynasty, and the Dai area was under the jurisdiction of Yizhou County. In 69 AD, the Dai area was in Yongchang County. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, hereditary chieftain was abolished in minority areas, temporary officials (floating officials) in Dai areas gradually normalized, and the policy and rules of "chieftain" changed the direct rule of the court. People's Republic of China (PRC) has established county education bureaus in Dai areas.
The bamboo building where Dai people live is a dry-column building. The bamboo building is almost square, with dozens of bamboo supports, vacant workshops, thatched roofs and bamboo walls, which are very different. It is ventilated and transparent, and the sloping roof is "A" shaped on both sides. The bamboo building is divided into two floors, with people living upstairs and downstairs, stacking livestock and weaving rice.
Dai men usually wear long-sleeved shirts with collars and double-breasted buttons, trousers and white or blue cloth. Dai women's clothes are similar, but they are basically a bunch of hair and a skirt, and their shirts have the same characteristics. The skirt is one foot long, the body is tight, the hem and waist are short, and the sleeves are long and narrow.
The Dai people's staple food is rice, the most unique bamboo tube rice. The production method is to add water to the fresh bamboo rice and barbecue it on the fire, which is fragrant and delicious. Pu 'er tea, a specialty of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, was exported to all parts of China. It was exported to Southeast Asia and South Asia in the Tang and Qing Dynasties, and now it has entered the markets of Japanese and Western European countries and regions. It is a famous tea at home and abroad.
Wear your own calendar. The difference between Dai Li and the Gregorian calendar is 638 years, and the Gregorian calendar is 639 years in the first year of Dai Li. The year of Dai Li is the Gregorian calendar year and the first month of the lunar calendar. Dai Li is divided into three seasons, January to April, in the cold season, May to August, in the hot season, September to 65438+ February is the rainy season.
Dai people like poetry very much, especially narrative poetry. Narrative poems such as Zhao Shudun and Mananannuo and Ashima are valuable cultural heritage of the Chinese nation.
There are many kinds of movements in Dai dance, mainly simulating the activities and individualization of local animals. Peacock dance not only imitated the beautiful movements of peacocks, but also came from the beautiful legends of Dai people. The famous dancer Dao Meilan performed peacock dance, which made her famous at home and abroad.
Songkran Festival is the most national festival of Dai people. Water-splashing Festival is a New Year's festival for Dai and Li, from June 6th to July 6th, which is equivalent to April in Gregorian calendar. On the Water-Splashing Festival, people worship Buddha. The Buddha welcomes the girls who come home to float flowers in the clear water, then splash water on each other and bless each other. At first, water was splashed with hands and bowls, and then pots and barrels were used. The splashing sound is more intense, and drums, gongs, splashing sound and cheers are integrated. During the Songkran Festival, dragon boat races were held, traditional entertainment such as soaring and flying lanterns were performed, and various activities were held.
Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province is very rich in special products, including 1 10 only for fruits. There are many plant and animal species here, the famous plant kingdom and animal kingdom. Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve is open to the outside world 199 1. People can visit the treasure house of nature and appreciate the rich subtropical customs.
Dressing habits
Dai believed in the primitive religion of animism. Hinayana Buddhism, a belief that still retains primitive religion, was introduced. The early Dai people believed that everything in the world, including people and animals, plants and all inanimate objects, had souls, which were immortal and could solve existing problems. The sick soul suffered some kind of injury and died. The soul left the body and never came back. People's fear of various diseases and disasters is also a strong desire to subdue the pain, overcome the disaster, and try to hurt or free the soul in order to call back the soul (also called the soul). Not only people can summon souls, but also livestock and poultry food.
Dai's "Awakening the World and Huanlong" attracted many souls, calling for, um, returning the case (recruiting young souls), Fei Huan (souls), oh, helping people to summon souls to Huannanlang (recruiting black girls' souls) 4. There are three kinds of livestock, poultry and crops to choose from, namely, soul-calling, soul-calling for cattle, soul-calling for chickens and soul-calling for rice.
According to the survey, * * * has 8 1 ways to summon souls. They think people have 32 ghosts. As long as ghosts hurt or leave the human body, a part of the human body will get sick and even die. This is necessary in order to cure the disease. There are 8 1 methods of evocation. Among all the soul calls, the most famous one is The Awakening Ring of South Lang, which is the so-called soul of a black girl. It is called the soul for a long time.
The evocation ceremony varies from region to region: in some areas, the word "soul" in the village responsible for sacrifice is invited to evocation; In some areas, elderly parents. In order to help people summon souls, there are evocation words. For example, the recruitment of "Children's Heroes" is like this: "Today is an auspicious day. My name is soul, soul, father and mother that soul loves. Don't hide in the cave and grieve alone. Not hiding by the river of tears, not entering the grassland trees in the forest, the heads and souls of cattle and horses are not drilled, but living, the back tooth oasis of the tooth soul, and the soul of the ear. Sa! The soul is back! Valley is called the soul of cattle, chickens and ducks, and there is a set of rituals, which is also a fixed word called soul.
Besides evocation etiquette, Dai Bingguo will also have funeral etiquette. The traditional funeral of Dai people is burial and cremation, and cremation is more common.
In the past, we used to wear a strict hierarchy, distinguishing people of different levels, different names and different cemeteries to bury different "deaths". The first words of the family of the deceased. Family members, friends and relatives of the people who died in Quanzhai immediately notified. When neighbors, relatives and friends heard about it, they immediately broke up and made all kinds of funeral preparations.
Take some time to take a bath at home and shave your head. If the deceased is male, give it to the deceased. Take a shower and put on two new clothes. This is the best set of white trousers.
Then, you should ask the monks in the temple to chant Buddhist scriptures to heal the wounded and rescue the dying, and relatives complain bitterly. Next is the first choice for auspicious funeral, choose the cemetery. Choose the cemetery according to the rules of throwing eggs in the cemetery of the deceased and determine the cemetery.
Finally, according to the fixed funeral and cremation auspicious day. The bamboo house on the day of the funeral should be cleaned. Take out the iron tripod from the fireplace and clean up the ashes. The life and material of the deceased were cleaned up, or cremated or thrown into the river and washed away. It can also be used with sand crucibles, bags and cemeteries filled with grain seeds to sow the souls of the dead in the underworld.
Funeral, monks lead the way, lead the way to death, relatives and villages are still behind. Speaking of the sand crucible, he went to the cemetery and was shot in the back. He returned home soon, relocated the iron triangle fireplace, and the fire rekindled the pond. Death knells and gongs, guns that spread news show great plans. After arriving at the cemetery, most mourners returned, leaving dozens of young men to dig and bury or cremate the remains. After the funeral, the "Monk Party Sutra" was sent home by the god of monks and ghosts. At this point, the funeral is over.
If one spouse dies, but a ceremony is held to sever the relationship between husband and wife: the bolt of life and the white line of betel nut and a pair of wax strips. Hold one end of the line and tie the other end to the coffin, relatives of the deceased or lifting plate. Cutting off an old white line in the middle means that after the relationship between husband and wife is cut off, the man can remarry and the woman can remarry and be free.
BR/>； wedding
Dai people are generally monogamous individual families with two generations of parents and children, it runs in the family. Children are separated when they grow up and get married, and parents are separated from their families. Parents have young sons or young women who live together. Young children inherit family property, and young children are responsible for supporting their parents. Children have separated, or they can be part of the property, a small amount. Equality between men and women in the family, economic independence,
Women start to have personal savings before they get married. Once divorced, the married groom's family property can be recovered to her family. In a family of one man and one woman, if the relationship between husband and wife breaks down, the man can also go back to his parents' house to move his own things. Widows can remarry and take men home. If a man leaves home for a few months, a woman can find another spouse, and the couple, regardless of their age, must divorce. A simple program said to the candle on the coffin of the deceased that the deceased was divorced.
worship
& gt there are many taboos. When guests, old people, men, women and early floors are sorted in the future. Men use clothes and tools no more than women. Daughter-in-law, grandfather and uncle have to go through everything directly. The things that the daughter-in-law wants to pass through are put on the table or in a suitable position, and then the father-in-law and uncle take them. Meet men and women, the bottom of women. Lu Yu's parents, mother-in-law and daughter-in-law should bend their skirts to make way. In Ji Long, foreigners can't attend film festivals. They can attend the ceremony without smoking. If outsiders don't have farm work, they won't bring leaves into the village. The house can't stand against the pillar. In Mengla Pu 'er, you need to take off your shoes in Sanzhai in the future, and you are not allowed to touch the head temple of the young monk. Guests are not allowed to sit in the fireplace above and opposite the fireplace, not in the master bedroom.