First, the use of salt water disinfection
Once, I was playing in my neighbor's house, and it happened that their pig was sick, so I invited a veterinarian. After seeing the pig, the veterinarian took out the syringe and injected it. When he tried to sterilize the needle, he found that he forgot to bring alcohol. He ordered the host family to take out some salt and dilute it into salt water. It turned out that he disinfected with salt water instead of alcohol. I asked him, "Can this salt water be disinfected?" He replied, "Of course, don't underestimate the salt water. In the past, when the troops lacked disinfectant, they used this salt water for disinfection. " His words reminded me of what I read in the book. During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, our Eighth Route Army troops often disinfected with salt water because of lack of medical care and medicine. When Dr. Bethune operated on the wounded, he also disinfected them with salt water.
Second, salt is an important substance to maintain human life.
Salt is closely related to maintaining normal metabolism and acid-base balance of body fluids, and is a necessary condition for maintaining human life. If the human body does not eat salt for several days in a row, it will be weak, the body's resistance will drop, and then various diseases will appear. For example, during the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, many Red Army troops were seriously affected by the lack of salt. Another example is the white-haired girl in the movie, because she only eats wild fruits in the mountains all the year round and lacks salt, which leads to white hair. In the movie "Sparkling Red Star", Pan Dongzi used all his wisdom to avoid the enemy's search for the guerrillas on the mountain, and finally skillfully transported the salt up the mountain.
Third, the medical use of salt.
(1) Normal saline prepared with distilled water and refined salt is often used to rescue critically ill patients with fluid loss and severe blood loss. (2) This physiological saline is also the most commonly used nutritional infusion in hospitals. (3) Atomizing and inhaling 1% to 2% saline solution can treat bronchitis. (4) Use a spoonful of salt, put it in the pot, fry it until it is brown, and take it with warm water to spit out the sputum and saliva in the stomach. (5) Catarrhal gastritis caused by food poisoning can be treated with salt. (6) gargling with salt water can prevent gum bleeding and strengthen teeth. (7) Drinking a cup of salt soup in the morning can cure the symptoms of tongue coating erosion caused by heart fire.
Fourth, other uses of salt.
(1) People often soak their hair with salt, so that it will not turn white and fall off easily, and the scalp will not itch. In order to prove this effect of salt, two classmates and I washed our hair with salt water several times in a row. Sure enough, the scalp is no longer so itchy and the hair loss is less. (2) Put the dyed fabric into the salt soup to foam, and the dyed color will be symmetrical and beautiful.
Five, the attention points of salt intake
(1) A person consumes about 2 grams of salt every day, which is equivalent. The more the better, because it will increase the burden on the kidneys and cause nephropathy, so patients with nephritis should eat as little salt as possible. (2) Due to clinical medical verification, the etiology of hypertension patients is often related to the kidney, so we should also control the intake of salt and eat light dishes.
In a word, salt has many uses and is good for people. However, things are divided into two parts. You can't eat more salt just because you are good to people, regardless of the objective reality, which has become an adverse reaction of some patients.
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Common sense of life-the use of salt
1, if you want to remove the oil on the blanket, you can use 1 part salt and 4 parts alcohol solution to clean it, and rub it vigorously when cleaning.
Degreasing oil will not hurt the blanket.
2. When the rubber-soled canvas shoes stink, sprinkle a little salt on the shoes to absorb sweat and deodorize. Newly bought foam rubber shoes
Soak in salt water for half a day before wearing, which is not easy to crack and durable.
The straw hat is old. Washing it with salt water can make it look brand new.
4. Soak the newly bought toothbrush in hot salt water for about half an hour and take it out, which can make the toothbrush durable.
5. Two cotton socks with similar colors, but not exactly the same, will be the same color if boiled in salt water 1 hour.
6. Soak the newly bought bath towel in salt water before use to prevent mildew.
7. Put the salt on the wet match. After a minute or two, the wet match will dry.
Washing bamboo and rattan with salt water can make them more beautiful, softer and more durable.
9. Wicker-woven furniture is cleaned with a stiff brush dipped in warm salt water and dried in the sun to prevent the furniture from turning yellow.
10. If the newly bought hemp rope is too hard, boil it with salt water to make it soft and durable.
1 1. If the bath sponge becomes thick and slippery, it will become soft and loose after soaking in cold salt water for a period of time.
12, put some salt in the kerosene lamp to save fuel and not emit black smoke.
13, adding water to kerosene will make it unusable. If you sprinkle some fine salt in the kerosene bucket, you can use kerosene.
Yes
14. soak the candle in strong salt water for several hours, and then take it out. After completely drying, it will not flow when burning.
15. After the battery is used up, two small holes can be drilled near the carbon rod, filled with salt water and sealed with wax, which can make the waste battery heavier.
Light it.
16. If the new broom is soaked in hot salt water before use, the service life of the broom can be prolonged.
17, put some salt when mixing the paste, the paste is not easy to get moldy.
18, salt water can remove paint smell. If you put two pots of salt water indoors, the smell of paint on furniture and walls will be eliminated.
19, put 0.3% ~ 0 in lime water when painting the wall. 5% salt can increase the adhesion of lime.
20. Newly-picked flowers can be preserved for a long time when they are inserted in salted cakes. Putting a little salt in the pot of daffodils can prolong the flowering time.
2 1, put some salt (excluding iodized salt) in the water of goldfish tank, which can make goldfish more lively and healthy.
22. When cleaning the fish tank, first wipe the inside of the fish tank with salt (excluding iodized salt) to remove the hard scale, and then rinse it with clear water.
Put the fish in the jar.
23. Pour concentrated brine into the sewer pipe of the kitchen sink regularly, and keep it clean to prevent odor and oil accumulation.
24. Cleaning the inside of the refrigerator with salt and soda water has a good effect.
25. After the photographic glue is developed and fixed, it can be washed after being soaked in salt water, which can shorten the cleaning time.
26, put salt and lemon juice on a soft cloth to wipe the keys or marble products, ivory products, can remove stains.
27, ceramics, glass and other utensils in the tea scale, dirt, scrub with salt, decontamination effect is better.
28. If there are stains on silver products, you can wipe the stains with salt first and then clean them, and the removal effect is good.
There are black spots and stains on bronzes, which can be wiped off with salt to make them look brand-new.
30. When cleaning the copper pot, first soak the stain on the copper pot with salt water, and then wipe it with a cloth soaked with ginger juice, which has a good effect.
3 1. In long-term use of hot water bottles, a layer of scale usually forms in the bottle. Pour baking soda and salt water into the bottle and add some more.
Crush the eggshell, cover it with a cork and shake it frequently to remove the scale.
32. When cleaning the greasy iron pan, put a small amount of salt first, and then wipe the iron pan with paper, which makes it easier to get greasy.
33. Brown iron rust spots such as white tiles, porcelain bathtubs and porcelain washbasins can be scrubbed with a mixture of salt and vinegar.
34. Wipe the inside of the window glass with a sponge soaked in salt solution in winter, which will not frost; Wipe the bumper with a small wet cloth bag filled with salt.
The windshield can prevent snow.
35. The mildew or rust spots on the fabric can be soaked in the mixed solution of lemon juice and salt, bleached in the sun, and finally washed with water.
36, metal utensils rust, washed with salt and lemon juice, you can quickly remove rust and polish the utensils.
37. The enamel tableware has accumulated dirt, and it should be scrubbed with salt and vinegar, so that it is clean and does not damage its luster.
38. The kitchen knife is blunt. Soak in salt water for 20 minutes, then pour salt water while grinding. Not only is the knife easy to sharpen, but the sharpened edge is also very sharp.
39. The handle will fall off after long-term use. You can dip the handle in salt water and insert it back, so it won't fall off.
40. The chopping block is easy to crack. You can put it in salt water for a day and take it out to dry, so it won't crack easily.
4 1, the chopping block can be polished by washing it with soap and water and then wiping it with a wet cloth soaked with salt.
42. When there is fishy smell on the chopping block, wash it with rice washing water and salt, and then wash it with hot water to remove the fishy smell.
43. Wipe your hands with salt soaked in ginger juice to remove the onion smell from your hands.
44. Seeds selected with salt water germinate well, are strong and resistant to pests.
45, salt can remove new hair, and it is easier to pull out new hair with salt on the chicken skin.
46. Newly bought porcelain bowls, cups, plates, glasses and casseroles should not be fragile if they are cooked with salt water first.
47. After the tea cups and teapots have tea stains, it is very convenient to clean them if they are soaked in salt water for 10 minutes. If wet
After a few hours, the tea stains will come off on their own. The dish is dirty, so it is easy to wash it with salt and vinegar. When there are stains on the spout, cover the spout with wet salt overnight and rinse it with hot water the next day.
48. Scrubbing aluminum tableware with salt can make it bright and clean.
49. When making a fire, sprinkle some salt on the briquettes to make the household fire more prosperous. Sprinkle salt on the stove to put out the greasy fire.
When the stove is lit, if the smoke is too thick, sprinkling a handful of salt will make the smoke dissipate and the flame flourish.
50. When building a furnace, add some salt to the mud to prevent the furnace from drying prematurely.
5 1, the bulb is stained, so you can gently wipe it with detergent and a little salt, then wash it with clear water and dry it, which can improve the brightness of the bulb.
It will be as good as new.
52. When washing clothes with the washing machine, if there is too much foam, you can sprinkle some salt on the foam to reduce the foam.
Washing mosquito nets with a little salt can avoid bedbugs.
54. Towels will harden and have a strange smell if used for a long time. It is best to wash with salt water, which can remove the odor and is not sticky.
55. When you wipe your sweat with a towel in summer, the towel will become sticky. If you wipe it with salt first and then rinse it with water, it will be as clean as new.
56. If the cotton cloth is burnt, wipe it with a little refined salt, and the scorch marks will recede.
57. When cotton fabric becomes Huang Shi, salt and baking soda can be added and boiled in water 1 hour, and the yellow color will fade.
58. When the clothes are stained with grass stains, you can soak them in salt water (1 liter of water,100g of salt) and rub them gently to remove the grass stains.
59. Clothes with sweat stains can be soaked in 10% salt water and rubbed for 10 minutes, then washed with clear water and washed with soap to remove sweat stains.
60. Dye clothes and put some salt to make them colorful.
6 1, clothes stained with ink are difficult to wash. You can rub them with water first, then mix a few grains of rice with salt, rub them where there is ink, and then rub them with water. If you can't clean it once, you can wash it several times to remove the ink.
62. Jeans are easy to fade when they are dirty, but they can be soaked in strong salt water for 2 hours (cold water is needed) and then washed with soap, so that the color will not fade.
63. The clothes are polluted by oil. Washing with salted alkali can be very clean.
64. When washing clothes, sprinkle some fine salt powder on the neckline, and the stains will be easily removed.
65. In order to prevent color fading of colored clothes, clothes can be soaked in warm salt water for a while before washing, which can prevent color fading.
66. If you get wine stains on your clothes, you can sprinkle some salt immediately and wash them as usual after an hour. If there are rust stains on clothes, you can cover the stains with salt first, then soak them in white vinegar for an hour and then wash them as usual.
67. Mash carrots, mix them with salt, and wipe the blood from clothes.
68. Melt salt water. Frozen fish, frozen chicken and frozen meat taken out of the refrigerator and freezer are put in salt water, which not only thaws quickly, but also keeps them fresh and tender.
69. Dirt has accumulated on bowls, dishes and teacups. It is very effective to scrub them with salt, leftover tea or vinegar.
70. Soak the chopping block in salt water. The newly bought wooden chopping block is soaked in 30% salt water for two or three days, and then it is not easy to crack. After each use, first scrape the chopping board clean with a kitchen knife, then rinse the residue on the chopping board with hot water, and finally apply a little salt, which can not only sterilize, but also prevent the chopping board from cracking.
7 1, cooking with salt water. Newly bought glasses and plates can be boiled in salt water first, and then they won't break easily.
72. Salt and vinegar wipe the tiles. If there are brown iron rust spots on white ceramic tiles or porcelain bathtubs and washbasins, a proper amount of salt and vinegar can be used to prepare a mixed solution for scrubbing.
73. Do you want to make your own air freshener? Cut half an orange, eat up the orange meat, and then fill the semi-circular orange peel with salt, which will slowly release the fragrance of orange and become a cheap and good air freshener.
74. If you want to clean rusty scissors or other ironware, you can add two teaspoons of salt and one teaspoon of lemon juice, apply it to the rust, and then wipe it with a dry cloth.
75. If you want to wear new stockings, you can wash them with water first, then soak them in salt water for three hours after natural air drying, then wash them with cold water and dry them.
76. Put some salt in the newly bought wok and fry it again before using it. When the salt is about to burn, pour out the salt and the iron smell in the pot can be removed.
77. Salt water deodorizing paint. Newly painted walls or furniture will give off a strong smell of paint. You can put two pots of cold salt water on the floor, and the smell of paint will disappear in a day or two.
78. The chopping block smells of fish. You can soak it in rice washing water and scrub it with a little salt. Then wash with hot water to remove the odor.
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Medical use of salt
Washing eyes with light salt water in the morning can cure conjunctivitis and trachoma. * add some salt water when taking a bath, which can cure skin diseases. * When you have a headache, wipe your tongue with salt and drink some salt and boiled water to relieve the headache. * When teeth bleed, a bite of salt water can stop the bleeding immediately. * Nausea and indigestion can be relieved by drinking light salt water. * Add some salt when drinking tea, which can relieve polydipsia, laryngitis and prevent heatstroke. * Drink some salt and boiled water before singing to prevent your voice from getting hoarse. * Washing chilblain with hot salt water can relieve itching. * Eating toxic food by mistake, drinking some salt and boiled water can detoxify. * Abdominal cold, stir-fry coarse salt, put it in a cloth bag, and apply hot compress to the abdomen to dispel cold and relieve pain. * Mash eggplant roots and salt into powder and apply it to the toothache to relieve pain; It can be applied to chilblain to treat chilblain. * After getting up in the morning, drink a cup of salty boiled water to keep the stool unobstructed. * Wash your hair with salt and boiled water frequently, which can prevent or reduce hair loss.
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Industrial use of salt
1, application in chemical industry
Salt is the mother of chemical industry. Chemical industry is the basic industry of national economy. Three acids (sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid) and two alkalis (soda ash and caustic soda) are basic chemicals, in which hydrochloric acid, soda ash and caustic soda are produced with salt as the main raw materials. Every production of 1 ton of soda ash or caustic soda consumes 1.2 ~ 1.4 tons of raw salt, which is used to produce sodium alkali, chlorine and chlorine derivatives, and is found all over the world. Therefore, it can be said that the overall development of the national economy depends on the developed chemical industry, which in turn depends on the developed salt-making industry.
2. Application in dye industry
Raw materials commonly used in dye industry, such as caustic soda, soda ash and chlorine gas, are directly produced from salt, while hydrochloric acid, sodium sulfide and sodium hydrosulfite are chemical products made from salt through deep processing. In addition, it directly consumes a lot of salt. Therefore, in addition to chlor-alkali industry, dye industry is one of the industries closely related to salt industry. Moreover, almost every step in the dye production process consumes a certain amount of salt.
3. Application in metallurgical industry
Salt is used as a chlorinating roasting agent and quenching agent in metallurgical industry, and also as a desulfurizing agent and clarifying agent for treating metal ores. Steel and rolled steel can be immersed in salt solution to harden the surface and remove the oxide film. Salt chemical products are needed for baking AIDS such as pickling of strip steel and stainless steel, aluminum smelting and electrolytic decomposition of sodium metal, as well as refractories in smelting.
4. Application in building materials industry
Soda soda made of salt is the main raw material for producing glass. In addition, in order to eliminate bubbles in glass melt, a certain amount of fining agent must be added, and salt is also a component of commonly used fining agent, and the amount of salt is about 1% of glass melt.
Ordinary rough pottery, tiles and jars all need salt as glazing agent. The salt consumption per cubic meter of pottery is 0.5 ~ 3 kg.
In order to improve the performance of enamel glaze, some enamel additives need to be added before enamel coating. Salt is a kind of enamel additive, which is used in surface glaze to increase the strength of powder blank and improve the scratch and wear resistance of enamel. The maximum salt content per 100 kg glaze slurry is 0.3 kg.
In addition, salt-making waste residue (salt gypsum) and calcium-magnesium mud (salt mud) produced by brine purification can be used as building wallboard, wall material or filler, and can also be used as cement filler.
5. Application in machinery industry
In casting, salt can be used as an excellent binder for molding sand in nonferrous metal and alloy casting. At high temperature, salt can soften the casting core, thus preventing the casting from hot cracking. Compared with organic adhesives, salt produces the least harmful gas at high temperature.
Salt bath furnace is the most commonly used heating equipment for heat treatment of steel machinery parts or tools. Compared with box furnace heating, salt bath furnace has the advantages of easy temperature control, uniform heating, fast heating speed, local heating, long and thin workpiece not easy to bend and avoiding oxidation and decarbonization. At the same time, as a common catalyst in carburizing chemical heat treatment, quenching with brine can also obtain ideal results.
When ferrous metals, copper and copper alloys are strongly pickled before electroplating, salt is needed.
6. Application in petroleum industry
In the process of oil well drilling, in order to protect the integrity of the rock salt layer core, salt should be added to the mud as a stabilizer, and barium sulfate, a salt chemical product, should be used to increase the weight of drilling mud and as a regulator. In petroleum refining, salt is used as a dehydrating agent to remove water mist from gasoline. In the process of kerosene refining, salt is used as a filter to remove impurities. There are also many salt chemical products widely used in petroleum industry, such as: some oil-soluble organic acid barium salts can be used as combustion improvers to promote the complete combustion of gasoline; Magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide and magnesium carbonate can be added to fuel oil as ash modifiers to prevent high temperature corrosion of vanadium compounds; The hardness of boron nitride made of boron is similar to that of diamond, and its stability is better than that of diamond at high temperature of 1500- 1600℃, so it can be used as superhard material to make oil drill bits.
7. Application in light industry
When making soap, salt is often added to maintain the proper viscosity of the solution. Due to the action of sodium ions in salt, the viscosity of saponification solution can be reduced and saponification reaction can be carried out normally. In order to make the sodium fatty acid reach a sufficient concentration in the solution, it is necessary to add solid salt or concentrated brine for salting out to extract glycerol. In soap and synthetic detergent, sodium silicate, a salt chemical product, is also used as a filler, which can increase the alkalinity, hardness and strength of soap.
The leather industry needs a lot of animal skins. In order to prevent or inhibit the microbial erosion of rawhide during storage and transportation, anti-corrosion treatment must be carried out to avoid reducing the quality of rawhide. The most commonly used anti-corrosion methods in leather industry are salt leaching and salt drying. In the process of tanning, bare skin must be soaked in pickling solution, and salt is also essential. In tanning, salt chemical products such as sodium sulfide, sodium hydrosulfide and sodium thiosulfate are used for leather tanning.
In the paper industry, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, sodium chlorate and other salt chemicals are used to make pulp, bleached pulp and fillers.
Various salt chemical products are also widely used in matches, gunpowder, printing, film and photography industries.
8. Application in national defense and cutting-edge technology.
Salt chemical products are also widely used in electronic industry and national defense industry.
In the national defense industry, salt chemical products such as chlorate, perchlorate, potassium nitrate, barium nitrate, strontium nitrate and potassium chloride are widely used to manufacture guns, bullets, airplanes, tanks and ships, as well as explosives, tracer bombs, incendiary bombs and flame retardants. Rockets release sodium vapor in the upper atmosphere, producing bright orange clouds, which requires metallic sodium made of salt, and sodium is also used as a coolant in the nuclear industry. Structural materials, protective materials, packaging materials to prevent neutron radiation, rocket engine parts, nuclear reactors, etc. Atomic reactors need boron-containing materials.
9. Application in agriculture and animal husbandry.
Salt must be added to livestock feed. Sodium chloride is an important mineral in livestock feed. Sodium can maintain the acid-base balance of blood and tissue fluid, adjust the stability of normal osmotic pressure, stimulate saliva secretion and promote the appetite of livestock and poultry. It can also keep the acidity of gastric juice of livestock and poultry and has bactericidal effect. If the content of iron or salt in feed is not appropriate, it will cause loss of appetite, digestive disorders and pica of livestock and poultry. In severe cases, the development of livestock and poultry is delayed or the weight is reduced, and the egg production of laying hens is reduced. The decrease of sows and milk affects the healthy growth of piglets and calves. Studies have proved that in the pre-fertilization stage of dairy cows, if salt is properly added to the feed, the contents of calcium and magnesium will be relatively reduced, the probability of calving will be increased, and the reliability is 80%.
Seabirds in the zoo must be fed with salt. Marine animals have salt glands in their bodies, just like seawater desalination devices. After swallowing high-salt food and seawater, these animals excrete excess salt through salt glands. If they leave the marine environment and don't get the right amount of salt, they can't adapt. Therefore, seabirds in zoos must mix some salt when feeding their food and drinks, or they will die.
You can choose salt water. When selecting the seeds of crops or trees, the salt water method is usually used. The specific gravity of seeds is different from that of salt water with the same volume. Pour the seeds into salt water with appropriate concentration, and the full, complete and heavy seeds will sink. Grains, pests and broken grains will float on the water surface and can be easily removed due to their small specific gravity.
Salt can be used as fertilizer. In the south of China, it is customary to use salt as fertilizer. Such as beet and celery, when a small amount of sodium salt is supplied, the yield can often be increased. When wheat, barley, cotton, peas and other crops are short of potassium, timely supplementation of sodium salt can also improve their yield. Adding a small amount of salt to organic fertilizer can strengthen the activity of microorganisms, promote the release of effective nutrients and improve fertilizer efficiency.