The date of Geng Day is changeable, not fixed, so the accommodation date is different every year, but the accommodation date is always between July 1 1 and July 20. The fourth to fifth Geng Day is moderate, and the first to second Geng Day after beginning of autumn is the end. Every Geng day is 65,438+00 days apart, and the number of mid-festival days is not fixed. There are four Geng days from summer solstice to autumn, with 65,438+00 days in the middle, five Geng days and 20 days in the middle.
midnight
In ancient China, time was recorded by combining heavenly stems and earthly branches. The number of heavenly stems is 10, which is A, B, C, D, E, Ji, G, Xin, Ren and Gui, and the number of earthly branches is 12, which is Zi, Ugly, Yin, Mao, Chen, Si, Wu, Wei, Shen, You and Yi. Match the heavenly stems with the earthly branches, and you will get Jia Zi, Yi Chou, Bing Yin, Ding Mao ... and cross them 60 times, so it is called 60 flower Jia Zi. "Three Geng" means meeting three "Geng" characters, and the third Geng Day will be the first time. Because the number of heavenly stems is 10, there is a Geng Day every 10 day, such as Geng Zi Day, Geng Yin Day and Chen Geng Day. 365 days a year (366 days in leap year) is not an integer multiple of 10. One day this year is Geng Day, and next year is not necessarily Geng Day. Due to the uncertainty of Geng day, the date of accommodation is different every year.
Voltage is divided into initial voltage, intermediate voltage and final voltage, which is called three volts. The dog days are the hottest period of the year, because the nights are getting shorter and shorter, the days are getting longer and longer, and the sunshine is close to direct sunlight. But the summer solstice is not the hottest time, because at this time, a large part of the heat absorbed by the ground radiates at night. But it absorbs more heat and dissipates less heat every day, and it gets hotter every day. It will be the hottest when it reaches three volts in about 20 days.
The date of the dog days is from the summer solstice to the third Geng Day, which is the first lie, the fourth Geng Day to the fifth Geng Day is the middle lie, and the second Geng Day after the first Geng Day to beginning of autumn is the last lie. Every Geng day is 65,438+00 days apart, and the number of mid-festival days is not fixed. There are four Geng days from summer solstice to autumn, with 65,438+00 days in the middle, five Geng days and 20 days in the middle.
V means summer. From the summer solstice, the days begin to get shorter and the nights begin to get longer. There is a cold factor lurking in the middle of heat, so it is very scientific to name it "Fu".
Sanford
"Three volts" refers to the first, middle and last three volts, which is about mid-July to mid-August. After the summer solstice, although the days are getting shorter and the nights are getting longer, the days are longer than the nights in a day. Every day, the ground absorbs more heat than it emits, and the temperature near the ground is getting higher every day. During the "three volts" period, the ground absorbs almost more heat than it emits, and the weather is the hottest. After that, the heat absorbed by the ground began to be less than the heat emitted by the ground, and the temperature gradually decreased. Therefore, the hottest time of the year generally appears in the "dog days" from the summer solstice.
The first day (10), the middle day (10 or 20) and the last day (after beginning of autumn 10) are the hottest days of the year.
Ding Du's Song of Protection
Tang/Li Bai
Yunyang went to war, and merchants on both sides of the strait were spared.
Why bother tugboat when the black ox rests on the moon?
Turbid water can't be drunk, and the pot pulp is half turned into soil.
When I sang the song to protect the governor, my heart burst into tears.
Ten thousand people cut stones, and there is no way to reach the river.
You look at Shi Mang, and you hide your tears and grieve for the ages.
Although Li Bai is bold and unrestrained, he is also eager to serve the country and save the people, so there are many works that care about people's sufferings. This song "Song of Protection in Ding Du" describes the pain of tugboats of migrant workers in hot summer. "Wu Niu Breathing Moon" not only describes the unusually hot weather, but also describes the hard work of boatmen. This broad-minded poet, who has never shed tears in his life, is also "heartbroken like rain" here, showing his feelings of worrying about the country and the people.
asceticism
Tang/Wang Wei
The sun is all over the sky, and the fire clouds are like mountains.
All the plants and trees were burnt and all the rivers dried up.
Lightness makes clothes heavy, and dense trees are bitter and thin.
You can't go near it, but you can't go near it.
Thinking outside the universe is vast.
Changfeng comes to Wan Li, and rivers and seas are troubled.
However, despite being a patient, I didn't feel intimate.
Suddenly into the dew door, it is cool and happy.
This poem describes the hot summer weather: the sun is shining, the grass is dry, even the light clothes feel heavy, and even the dense Woods feel that the shade is not enough to keep out the hot sun. Even Wang Wei, who has always been involved in Zen and self-cultivation, wants to escape the universe. The viciousness of summer can be seen.
The situation of the reactor in early autumn is still tragic.
Tang/Du Fu
On July 6th, it was bitter, spicy and steaming, but it was not enough for a temporary meal.
I often worry about scorpions at night, but they become flies after autumn.
The strap is crazy and screaming, so why return the book?
Look at the pine trees in the south, there is a short gully, barefoot on the ice.
This poem is about the author's unbearable feelings on a hot summer day. Not only in content, but also in writing. The poem broke away from the routine of melody and began with four words. The third, fourth, seventh and eighth sentences are all used, which greatly saves lives and makes the belt crazy. After reading this poem, we can get a glimpse of a sentence in Shaoling's "Words are not amazing and never stop".
Look at cutting wheat.
Tang/Bai Juyi
The Tian family has less leisure in the month, and people are twice as busy in May.
In the evening, the south wind rises and the wheat turns yellow.
Mother-in-law is rich in food, and children are full of pot pulp.
Go with Tian Xiang. Ding Zhuang is in Nangang.
Filled with the heat of the country, the back was scorched by the sun.
I don't know about the heat, but I regret the long summer.
There is another poor woman with her son in her arms.
Grab the ear with your right hand and hang the basket with your left arm.
Listening to his words of concern is very sad.
My family's taxes are gone, so I can take this to satisfy my hunger.
Today, I have no merit, and I have never worked in farming and mulberry.
There are three hundred stones in the land, and there is surplus food at the age of eight.
I am ashamed to read this in private, and I can't forget it every day.
"Watching Millet" was written in the second year of Tang Xianzong Yuanhe (807). Bai Juyi wrote it when he was a county magistrate in Nian County, Shaanxi Province at the age of 36. He felt that the local people were very hard and lived in poverty. "Summer feet steaming rustic, burning back the skylight. I don't know how hot it is, but the summer is long. " These four sentences describe the wheat harvest positively. Their faces face the earth and their backs face the blue sky. The bottom is steamed like a cage, and the top is roasted like fire. However, they waved their sickles with all their strength and cut them all the way forward. They seem to have completely forgotten the heat, because it is "the tiger's mouth grabs the food" and time must be seized. The work criticizes the heavy taxes that caused the people's poverty, and feels deeply guilty that the poet can have plenty of food and clothing without doing anything himself, which shows the humanitarian spirit of a conscientious feudal official.
Climb up the west wing on a cold summer night
Tang/Liu Zongyuan
Get up in the middle of the night in the heat, and go upstairs to find clothes alone.
Yamazawa condenses the summer heat, and Xinghan shines brightly.
Fire crystal Gan Lu, wild still wind.
Exploring the soup leads to the yin well, and the stove opens the door.
You can't sweat if you hesitate for a long time.
Don't argue about the poison in the pavilion, but appeal to you.
I'm afraid it wasn't taken by my aunt, but quiet is better than happy.
This poem was written during Liu Zongyuan's relegation to Yongzhou, describing the author's scene and feelings of going upstairs to enjoy the cool in the middle of the night on a hot summer night. Therefore, injustice is indescribable. The whole article closely follows the theme of the poem, combining realism with exaggeration, and every sentence reads "Summer night is bitter and hot", which vividly describes the heat in Yongzhou and the author's irritability and complaints. The author is incisive and skillfully uses metaphor and symbolism to make this poem meaningful. The heat of summer and the suffering of life make people feel pity and daunting.
Laoge
Song/Zhang Lei
In summer, there is no rain in March, and the clouds are not suitable for flying.
No one took a nap in the deep hall, and the children sweated first.
Suddenly pity the long strip, the bone is ten stone crossbows.
Half-covering is a career, and children can be satisfied with gold.
People's cattle and horses are big trees, for fear that they will get cold.
After a hard day's work, people are not as good as cattle and horses.
Zhang Lei was an important litterateur in the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty, and one of the four bachelor's degree students in Sumen. Zhang Lei was born in a poor family and has been immersed in politics. He has a deep understanding of social reality and is very concerned about the working people. He wrote many poems reflecting people's sufferings. This song "Brother" is one of his "Gu Yuefu Lyrics". The whole poem draws on materials close to reality. In simple and lively language, it expresses sympathy and pity for the lower-class workers who still have to work hard in hot summer, and reflects the tragic fate of the working people from one side.
Summer drought and heat
Song/Wang Ling
The wind didn't force out the heat in midsummer, and the Naxi sun seemed to have wings, hovering over the hills and refusing to set.
People are worried that the dry rivers, lakes and seas will dry up, and the Milky Way will dry up?
The high Kunlun Mountain is covered with snow all the year round, and the distant Penglai Island is cool.
I can't take the world with me in summer. How can I bear to roam freely alone?
Mausoleum was a brilliant poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, and was deeply appreciated by Wang Anshi. This seven-character poem "Summer Drought and Bitter Heat" is his masterpiece. The poems of the tomb are as straightforward as possible, and the summer drought is eye-catching, but the imagination is strange but not surprising. It is rare in Song poetry, full of romanticism and strong realistic thought of saving the world and the people. The galloping imagination in the poem won the essence of Li in the Tang Dynasty.
The rain before autumn is cool.
Song/Fan Chengda
Autumn doesn't have to come as scheduled, and the wind and rain are coming.
However, the summer light is like a retreat, and the old scenery is like a tide.
The wine glass touches the poem, and the book invites the sick eyes to open.
It will be colder tomorrow. I have predicted that the clouds will disperse and the peaks will pile up.
It's cool before autumn, which is a seven-character poem written by Fan Chengda, a writer in Song Dynasty. This poem is about the speed of the storm, showing the helplessness of the previous summer's suffering. The first couplet of the poem writes that autumn comes in a hurry, and the couplet also writes that Xia Guang recedes, writing a cool love for autumn; Bo Lian poets write poems with wine and make a living with books; The poet in the couplet believes that the weather will be "colder" tomorrow, expressing the author's free and easy optimism. The poet doesn't care about the arrival of the twilight scene, and he does not hesitate to exchange his precious years for the heat of summer, which not only expresses the poet's joy in cold weather, but also reflects the poet's optimistic and open-minded feelings.
The red sun burns like fire.
Ming/Shi Naian
The sun is like fire, and the wild Tian He is half burnt.
The farmer's heart is like soup, and the son Wang Sun shakes it.
Walking on the ridge path in the country and seeing farmers working in the fields under the scorching sun, I can't help but think of this poem in Water Margin. This is a story in Chapter 16 of Water Margin. When Yang Zhi escorted Water Margin to Huangnigang, Bai Sheng, a day mouse, pretended to be a bucket picker. It depicts the heat and drought in summer and reveals the anxiety of farmers. Simple and straightforward, but intuitive and appropriate, the hot scene is vividly on the paper.
There is a slang in the north called "Fu Tou, jiaozi, Du Zi, Ernan, Sanfu Pancakes, Eggs".
Eating jiaozi and Zhi Zi on the head is a traditional custom, because people have a bad appetite, and they can't eat anything, while jiaozi is the food that satisfies their appetite in the traditional customs of China people.
Six dietary customs in Fu Tou:
1, creature
In the past agricultural society, the wheat harvest was just less than a month. In Man Cang, every family has a valley, and people take this opportunity to have a toothache and eat white flour. In the north, they will definitely eat jiaozi in the dog days. It is a traditional custom to eat jiaozi on the head, because when it rains, people have a bad appetite and can't eat anything, while jiaozi is a food that stimulates and satisfies the appetite in the traditional customs of China people.
When cooking jiaozi, two common problems, adhesion and broken skin, are very troublesome. How to cook to keep the shape intact? In fact, in the process of cooking jiaozi, the water is boiled four times, and it is cooked. Boil water into jiaozi. When the water boils to 1 time, add a little cold water, and then add cold water after the water boils. The total backwater is 3 * * * points, and it will be cooked after jiaozi cooks it for 4 times, which will neither stick nor break the skin easily.
2.wonton
In some southern areas, such as Shanghai, people want to eat wonton. Actually, for southerners, wonton and jiaozi are almost a kind of food. Shanghainese have the saying "Fu Tou Wonton Er Fu Tea".
Compared with jiaozi, wonton is thin and transparent when cooked. In addition, wonton is cooked for a short time, and cold water needs to be added several times to ensure thorough cooking. Another point is that jiaozi is heavily dipped, and wonton is heavily soup, especially in Guangdong. Chicken soup and meat and bone soup are the first choice for soup base. We often eat wonton with noodles here, which is called wonton noodles.
3. Ham
People in Hangzhou call it "ham on the head and chicken on the feet". Chinese medicine believes that ham has the effects of invigorating spleen, stimulating appetite, promoting fluid production and benefiting blood. Ham can be eaten all year round, but it is best to eat it in summer. In summer, people often lose their appetite and lack nutrition. Ham is nutritious, not greasy, and can stimulate appetite. Ham and wax gourd are cooked together, which is nutritious and can prevent heatstroke and get rid of diseases.
Ham soup also has nourishing effect. Foods rich in vitamin C, such as tomatoes, can be added to eliminate the concern of cancer caused by pickled food. Ham also has the function of accelerating wound healing, and is now used as an auxiliary food after surgery.
4. noodle soup
On the first day of accommodation, there is a custom in the north, that is, "jiaozi's head is on the second floor, and the eggs are laid on the third floor". In the south, for example, Shanghai eats wonton and Guangzhou eats noodle soup. Noodles are rich in carbohydrates, which can provide enough energy and absorb a lot of water during cooking. 100 grams of noodles will become about 400 grams after cooking, so it can produce a strong feeling of fullness.
In addition, noodles can stimulate people's thinking activities. People's brain and nervous system need a food with 50% carbohydrate, and noodles are the food that people's brain needs. Hard wheat contains B vitamins, which can stimulate brain cells.
5. Chicken
Nanchang "eats chickens and ducks first", Hunan and Jiangxi are adjacent, and the first place is also eating chickens. Relatively speaking, it is scientific for people in Jiangxi and Hunan to eat chicken in dog days.
There is a folk saying that "eat a chicken in ups and downs and be healthy for a year." People consume more physical energy in dog days, so they should be properly supplemented with nutrition. You can add a proper amount of ginger when stewing chicken. Ginger is warm, which can adjust the temperature difference between inside and outside the human body in summer, make the human body adapt to the external environment, and play a role in eliminating dampness and strengthening the body. This can disperse the accumulated cold in the body and prevent the onset of cold diseases in autumn.
6. Mutton
"Yang Yi Bowl of Soup, without a doctor." As we all know, mutton is a sweaty food and the best food in winter. However, Xuzhou people face difficulties and eat red pepper mutton in the hottest summer of the year. Buyang Festival is a traditional festival in Xuzhou. From the beginning of Lunar New Year's Eve every year, in the following month, Xuzhou people gather in hotels, restaurants, mutton restaurants and barbecue stalls to eat mutton and drink mutton soup, so they eat mutton.
Eating mutton in dog days is a great pioneering work, which can clear away heat, sweat and detoxify, and drive away the toxic moisture in winter and spring. Doctors suggest that eating Fuyang in summer will lead to a large loss of water and liquid, which will easily lead to electrolyte disorder in human body. The elderly, pregnant women, young children and other weak people are not suitable for sweating a lot. People eat Fuyang, drink plenty of water, avoid excessive sweating, eat more salty food and supplement electrolytes.
Precautions for eating and living in the head:
As the saying goes, "jiaozi is lying on his head, but he is lying on his face, with pancakes and eggs on his feet." . The custom of eating pasta in Fukui began at least in the Three Kingdoms period. At this time, the new wheat has just been harvested for more than a month. Wheat-flavored pasta can increase appetite and expel "heat evil". In rainy days, the temperature difference between day and night is small, so it is easy to have a bad rest and the activity should not be too large; Diet should be light, do not increase the workload of the stomach; Pay attention to hygiene in summer to avoid infectious diseases in summer; Dog days are the high incidence of food mildew, so we should pay attention to the quality and freshness of food.
Heatstroke prevention is a topic that people always need to repeat. Outdoor workers, the elderly, infants and patients need to pay more attention to heatstroke prevention and cooling. In fact, as long as we pay attention to taking measures, summer heat can be completely avoided. Drink more tea and mung bean soup, eat more light food, take a bath and change clothes frequently, ensure adequate sleep, take sunscreen measures when going out, avoid excessive activities, avoid activities at noon, pay attention to combining work and rest, and avoid fatigue driving.
In dog days, the skin is slack and the body's metabolism is vigorous. Therefore, when the ancients used drugs in dog days, the medicinal properties most easily penetrated from the skin to acupoints and meridians, which played a role in dredging meridians, regulating viscera, treating diseases and strengthening the body.
When you are lurking, you will be blessed. Summer is not only hot but also beautiful. In the hot summer, I wish you three blessings and a safe summer!
The first blessing: recall childhood, childlike innocence, or a teenager.
The second blessing: melons and fruits are fragrant, delicious and healthy forever.
The third blessing: enjoy coolness, have a peaceful mind, and be calm and natural.
The temperature is three volts.
Enjoy the moment.
although
Hot air blows in my face.
hope
Qian Jun holds the breeze.
Have a beautiful view in your heart
Peace of mind
Let it all go.