Sentence patterns of classical Chinese judgment sentences

1. There is no copula in the judgment sentences before Qin and Han Dynasties, but the modal particle "ye" is added after the predicate to help the judgment.

(1) system, Yan Yi also. ("Zuo zhuan? Hidden year ")

(2) Dong Hu is a good history in ancient times. ("Zuo zhuan? Two years in Gong Xuan ")

2. Use the modal particle "zhe" after the subject to indicate pause, and then use the modal particle "ye" after the predicate. This sentence pattern is a typical structure of ancient Chinese judgment sentences.

(1) Nanming, Tianchi also. ("Zhuangzi? Xiaoyao Tour ")

The minister's favorite is Tao. ("Zhuangzi? Health Lord ")

(Guo Xiliang thinks: writing, pronouns and compound words refer to the subject and lead to the predicate. )

3. Sometimes the word "Ye" can be omitted.

(1) Soldiers, weapons. ("Historical Records? The biography of the cruel official)

(2) The soldiers are ominous. ("Lao Zi")

4. Sometimes you can form a judgment sentence without the words "zhe" and "ye".

(1) Zhao Ren. ("Historical Records? The biography of Mencius Xun Qing)

Among them, sentence patterns 3, 4 and 2 appear in ancient Chinese with low frequency and weak judgment ability.

5. The adverb "Nai" is used before the predicate to strengthen affirmation, and the adverb "Fei" means negation.

(1) I'm from Liang. (Warring States Policy? Zhao Cesan)

(2) The body is not wood and stone. (Sima Qian's Bao Ren An Shu)

Second, the grammatical functions of this, also, yes and no.

There are also: modal particles at the end of the sentence, which are used to express judgment.

Speaker: The modal particle in the sentence refers to Teton.

"Nai": adverb, used to strengthen the positive tone, which is roughly equivalent to "change (yes)" and "JIU (yes)" in modern Chinese. But it is by no means a judgment word.

It can only be an adverb before the predicate.

When the judgment word "yes" appeared in later generations, it was added before "yes" to form "yes" and "yes".

No: negative adverb, used to deny the predicate. It is not a negative copula and does not mean "no" in modern Chinese. The adverb added before the positive judgment predicate and the negative adverb "Fei" added before the negative judgment predicate are not judgment words.