Note: 1. Please use 2B pencil to answer on the machine-readable card;

2. The topics are classified by subjects, and single-choice questions and multiple-choice questions are mixed. Each question only indicates a score, and a score does not mean yes.

Whether it is a multiple-choice question or not can be judged from the stem of the question. Only when the answer is completely correct can you score:

3. The answer time is 120 minutes, and the whole volume is ***l60 points.

The first part of the 30 questions (40 points)

1. Many organelles have proton pumps, and the following organelles without proton pumps are: (1)

A. endoplasmic reticulum B. lysosome C. mitochondria D. chloroplast

2. The fluidity of biofilm is as follows: (1)

A. membrane lipids and membrane proteins are mobile.

B membrane lipids are mobile, but membrane proteins are not.

C membrane lipids do not flow, but membrane proteins flow.

D membrane lipids and membrane proteins are immobile, and their fluidity is determined by other components.

3. Which of the following trans-membrane transport modes belongs to active transport: (2 points)

A. Transmembrane transport of sodium and potassium B. Endocytosis C. Synergistic transport D. Transmembrane transport of ethanol

4. The main components of spindle formed during cell division are: (1)

A. microfilament b intermediate fiber c microtubule d collagen fiber

5. The following descriptions about apoptosis are incorrect: (1)

A.it is controlled by genes. It can also be called programmed cell death.

C.DNA fragmentation. D. rapid rupture of plasma membrane.

6. Which of the following descriptions about chloroplasts and mitochondria is correct? (2 points)

A. both contain protein b and coenzyme c which can bind H+. Both contain potassium ions.

D. all lack DNA. E. ATP can be produced.

7. The main functions of nucleolus are: (1 min)

A.DNA replication and ribosome biogenesis

C. Nuclear-cytoplasmic exchange of substances D. Packaging of chromosomes

B The best time to observe homologous chromosome tetrads during meiosis is: (1).

A. thin line period B. even line period C. thick line period D. double line period

9. The base sequence of the template DNA is: 5'-tgc AGT-3', and the base sequence of the transcribed RNA molecule is:

( 1)

A.5 '-ACG TCA-3 ' b . 5 '-ACG UCA-3 ' c . 5 '-acu GCA-3 ' d . 5 '-act GCA-3 '

10. The primary culture of normal tissue and cancer tissue is correct in the following description of the culture prospects of these two kinds of cells:

( 1)

A. Cells in normal tissues have differentiated, and cultured cells can only survive, but not divide, while cancer cells can divide.

B cells in normal tissues can divide into daughter cells like cancer cells and pass them on.

C. Except for a few cells such as nerve cells and muscle cells, other cells can divide like cancer cells, and can also be subcultured like cancer cells.

Only stem cells can be cultured and delivered like cancer cells.

E cells in most normal tissues can divide and passage, but the passage times are limited.

1 1. The tricarboxylic acid cycle is the hub of substance metabolism, and it is the * * * channel of mutual transformation of sugar, fat and protein. Many intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle can enter other metabolic pathways. Which of the following descriptions about substance metabolism is correct? (3 points)

Acetyl coenzyme A can enter the fatty acid synthesis pathway.

B oxaloacetic acid can produce aspartic acid by transamination.

Fumaric acid produced by urea cycle of hepatocytes can directly enter TCA cycle.

Dα- ketoglutaric acid can produce glutamic acid by transamination.

12. biuret test is mainly used for qualitative or quantitative determination of which of the following? (2 points)

A. amino acid B. polypeptide C. sugar D. lipid E. protein

13. In C4 plants, four carbon compounds synthesized in mesophyll cells are used for: (1 min).

A. reducing NADP+B to synthesize ATP.

C. combining with CO2 to produce glucose D. transferring CO2 into sheath cells.

14. Glycerol 3- phosphate is produced from glucose by glycolytic pathway. The following statement is correct: (1 min).

A. generating ATP B. offsetting ATP

C pyruvate is converted into lactic acid, and NAD+ is reduced to NADH.

15. What is the energy effect of enzyme molecules as catalysts? ( 1)

A. increase the activation energy of reaction B. Reduce the activation energy of reaction B.

C, improve the product energy level d and reduce the product energy level.

1 6. The higher Tm value of DNA is due to which of the following groups has higher nucleotide content: (1)

A.A+G B.G+C C.A+T D.C+T

1 7. After the double helix structure of DNA molecule is destroyed, its ultraviolet absorption will be: (1).

A. decrease B. increase C. remain unchanged D. all of the above are possible

18. The results of human genome sequencing show that the number of genes encoding protein is about 30,000, but there are more kinds of protein than the number of genes, indicating that a single gene can produce multifunctional protein products through some regulatory channels, thus achieving the gene expression amplification effect of "one gene has multiple functions". What may happen to these regulations? (2 points)

A. Pre-transcription level B. Transcription level C. Post-transcription level D. Translation level E. Post-translation level

19. Berberis is related to vitamin B deficiency. Which of the following vitamin B groups is less likely to get beriberi (1 min)?

A. vitamin B 1 b, vitamin B2 c, vitamin B6d and vitamin B2.

20. Which of the following can stabilize the double helix structure of DNA: (2 points)

A. phosphodiester bond B. hydrogen bond C. base stacking D. ionic bond

2 1. Patients newly diagnosed with acute appendicitis should be tested: (1)

A. feces b urine c blood d saliva

22. The following substances only contain nucleic acids, but do not contain protein: (1).

A. virus B. plasmid C. chromosome D. ribosome

23. After CO2(CO2 in CO2 is 18O) is introduced into the photosynthetic unicellular green algae culture solution for a period of time,

What will not be marked as l8O? (2 points)

A.O2 B. Glucose c. 3- phosphoglyceric acid D. 1, 5-rubp

24. Escherichia coli belongs to which of the following types of microorganisms? ( 1)

A. chemical energy organic autotrophic B. light energy inorganic autotrophic C. chemical energy organic heterotrophic D. light energy organic heterotrophic

25.Avery and his collaborators' classical transformation test proved that: (1)

A. protein is genetic material B. Ribosomes are genetic material.

C.DNA is genetic material D. Surface polysaccharide is genetic material.

26. What are the main factors affecting virus infection? (2 points)

A. Pathogenicity of virus B. Stereostructural characteristics of virus

C. Vector of the virus D. Host range of the virus

27. Infectious diseases caused by retrovirus are: (1)

A. SARS B. AIDS C. Hepatitis A D. Rabies

28. Eating moldy peanuts for many times can cause cancer, mainly because moldy peanuts contain aflatoxin. This toxin is made up of

Which of the following types of microorganisms is produced? ( 1)

A. virus B, bacteria C, mycoplasma D, fungi

29. Which of the following substances is the best coagulant for solid culture medium: (1)

A. gelatin B. agar C. pectin D. cellulose

30. Which of the following is the main regulator of tricarboxylic acid cycle? (2 points)

A. isocitrate dehydrogenase B succinate dehydrogenase

C. malate dehydrogenase d .α- ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

The second part of the 38 questions (48 points)

3 1. Under normal circumstances, trees will die after peeling. This is because the plant stems lose which of the following structures after peeling? ( 1)

A. phloem xylem of periderm cortex

32. In the normal development of angiosperm ovules, what are the cells with N chromosome number? (2 points)

A. central cell b, egg cell c, antipodal cell d, mononuclear embryo sac e, nucellar cell

33. The wood of trees that can be used to make furniture is the product of cell division activities of which structure of plants? ( 1)

A. vascular cambium B. habitat meristem C. cork cambium D. primary meristem

34. The cells in the apical dormancy center are located in the roots: (1)

A. Mature zone B. Elongated zone C. Meristem zone D. Root cap

35. Some plants grow slowly or stop growing after the terminal bud extends into branches, while the two under the terminal bud

The lateral buds expand into two new branches at the same time. The growth activity of the top bud of the new branch is the same as that of the mother branch, and one is born from the two lateral buds below.

It is a new branch, so it continues to develop. This branching method is called: (1 min)

A. Two branches B. False two branches C. Coaxial branch D. Uniaxial branch

36. Which of the following conditions can make stomatal guard cells open? (2 points)

A. water enters guard cell b, and water flows out from guard cell.

C. Potassium ions flow into the guard cells, and potassium ions flow out of the guard cells.

E. ABA concentration in guard cells increased.

37. During anther development, the formation process of mononuclear pollen grains is: (1)

Sporogenous cells → sporogenous cells → pollen mother cells → mononuclear pollen grains.

Sporogenous cells → sporogenous cells → pollen mother cells → mononuclear pollen grains.

Sporogenous cells → pollen mother cells → sporogenous cells → mononuclear pollen grains.

D pollen mother cells → spore cells → pollen mother cells → mononuclear pollen grains.

38. Whether pollen can germinate and grow after it falls on the stigma of pistil depends on the identification of which of the following substances?

( 1)

A. deoxyribonucleic acid B. mRNA C protein D hormone

39. What reagents are commonly used when extracting chloroplast pigment? (2 points)

A.80% acetone B. glycerol C. chloroform D. 95% ethanol

40. Apple will appear brown after peeling, which substance is responsible for it? ( 1)

A. Phenol oxidase B. Cytochrome oxidase C. Cyanide oxidase D. Alternating oxidase

4 1. The following descriptions of plant vessels are inaccurate: (1)

A. Catheters are widely distributed in seed plants. B. Conduits are closely related to long-distance water transportation.

C. There is no living cytoplasm in mature ducts. D. Ducts are distributed in various organs of plants.

42. In the process of plant signal transduction, the metal ions that can act as second messengers are: (1)

A.Mg2+ B.Ca2+ C.Mn2+ D.Fe3+

43. When plants grow under dry conditions, which of the following substances will increase in the body? (2 points)

Glycine proline auxin abscisic acid

44. Which of the following substances can break the dormancy of potato tuber? ( 1)

A. ethylene 2,4-d c ABA d gibberellin

45. Observe the chlorophyll extract under direct light, and it will appear: (1)

A. The reflected light is green and the transmitted light is red. B. The reflected light is red and the transmitted light is green.

C. both reflected light and transmitted light are green d, and both reflected light and transmitted light are red.

46. The antenna pigment molecules on thylakoid membrane are arranged tightly and orderly, from outside to inside. This arrangement is conducive to the transfer of energy to the reaction center and ensures that energy will not be transferred in the opposite direction. This arrangement includes: (1 min)

A. carotenoids, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a b. Carotenoids, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b.

C. chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a, carotenoid d. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids

47. The relationship between rhizobia of leguminous plants and root cells is as follows: (1)

A.* * * born B. parasitic C. facultative parasitic D. switch to main parasitic

48. There are many kinds and shapes of arthropods, as well as many kinds of excretory organs. The following excretory organs belong to arthropods: (1 min)

A. Antennal gland, jaw gland, lacrimal gland, B. Antennal gland, jaw gland, basal ganglia of Martens canal.

C. Basal ganglia of salt glands in the Ma's canal of Wu's canal D. Cystic salt glands and lacrimal glands in the Mi's canal.

49. The structures often used to judge the age of teleost are: (2 points)

A. Scales B. Laryngodont C. Middle coracoid D. Otolith

50. In the observation of Hydra tablets, we can first observe the structure of these cells in the parts where the relevant cells are concentrated. In Hydra, the distribution of glandular cells and stinging cells is: (1)

A. substrate B. substrate, tentacles C. mouth, substrate D. bud, tentacles

5 1. Terrestrial vertebrates have developed hearing, and the ossicles in the middle ear cavity can transmit sound waves to the inner ear. The number of ossicles in different vertebrate groups is different, and the animal groups with only one ossicle are: (2 points)

A. amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals

52. The following description of mammalian skin is incorrect: (1)

A. The cuticle of epidermis is developed, and the cuticle falls off due to the continuous division and proliferation of dermal cells.

B. The dermis is composed of dense connective tissue and has strong toughness and elasticity.

C. The subcutaneous tissue is developed, which can form a thick fat layer.

D skin derivatives are various, such as hair, sebaceous glands, scales, hooves, etc.

53. Birds have a very developed vision. Visual accommodation can not only change the flexion of the lens, but also change: (1)

A. the size of iridescence B. the curvature of cornea C. the size of comb membrane D. the size of sclera

54. The picture on the right shows a cross-sectional view of Ascaris lumbricoides, in which abcd refers to the following structure:

( 1)

A. Ovary, fallopian tube, uterus, nerve

B. Ovary, fallopian tube, uterus and ovary

C. Fallopian tube, uterus, intestine and ovary

D. Fallopian tubes, ovaries, intestines and nerves

55. Parasitic life of trematodes. Many species have complex life histories and need more than two hosts. What kind of trematode passes through more than two hosts in its life history? (2 points)

A. Clonorchis sinensis, the third generation worm, Fasciola hepatica, Clonorchis sinensis, Fasciola hepatica and Taenia solium

C. Fasciola brucei, Schistosoma japonicum, Fasciola hepatica, Fasciola brucei, Clonorchis sinensis and Taenia solium

56. Insects have different mouthparts according to their feeding habits. For example, the siphon mouthpart of a butterfly has a curled beak. Which part of the mouthpart is mainly specialized? ( 1)

A. upper lip B. upper jaw C. lower jaw D. lower lip E. tongue

57. The patient's feeling under local anesthesia is: (1)

A. both pain and emotion exist. The pain and touch are gone.

C. the sense of touch exists and the sense of pain disappears D. the sense of pain exists and the sense of touch disappears

58. Cells that can secrete hydrogen ions are: (1)

A. Main gastric cells B. Salivary gland cells C. Renal tubular epithelial cells D. Pancreatic cells

59. Adrenalectomy dogs will die within l-2 weeks, mainly because of the lack of which of the following hormones? (2 points)

A. Norepinephrine and epinephrine B. Aldosterone C. ACTH D. Cortisol E. Sex hormones

60. The secretion of a hormone is influenced by the circadian rhythm cycle, which is secreted by a part of the brain, and its main component is amino acid derivatives. In birds and mammals, due to the effect of this hormone, the gonads of individuals will gradually mature with the extension of light. This hormone is most likely: (1)

A. Growth hormone B. Sex hormone C. Melatonin D. Gonadotropin

6 1. The following statements about vertebrate bones and their physiological functions are incorrect: (1)

A. In lower vertebrates, cartilage is the main bone component; In teleost fishes and higher vertebrates, bones are the main supporting structures.

Vertebrates have endoskeleton formed by endoderm.

C. Living bone tissue has excellent repair ability, strong adaptability to the environment, and can slowly change the structure and contents.

D. Bone is the largest calcium pool in the body.

62. Regarding the structure and function of muscle spindle, the following statement is incorrect: (1)

A. muscle spindle and external spindle muscle are connected in parallel. B, the internal spindle muscle is connected with the internal spindle receptor in series.

C. the muscle in the muscle spindle is dominated by γ neurons. The afferent fibers of muscle spindle receptor are γ afferent fibers.

E. the increase of afferent impulse of muscle spindle can strengthen the contraction of external spindle muscle

63. Which of the following statements about the cardiac cycle is correct? (2 points)

A. Diastolic period is longer than systolic period. B. Atrium and ventricle have the same systolic period. C. atrioventricular has the same diastolic period.

D. When the heart rate increases, the cardiac cycle shortens. E. the increase of heart rate has more obvious influence on diastolic period.

64. The following description of retinal tissue structure is correct: (1)

Pigment epithelial cells-ganglion cells-bipolar cells-photoreceptor cells

B pigment epithelial cells-ganglion cells-photoreceptor cells-bipolar cells

Pigment epithelial cells-photoreceptor cells-bipolar cells-ganglion cells

Bipolar cells-ganglion cells-photoreceptor cells-pigment epithelial cells

65. The anatomical sequence of urine production is: (1)

Glomerular loop-proximal convoluted tubule-distal convoluted tubule-collecting duct

Glomerulus-proximal convoluted tubule-medullary loop-distal convoluted tubule-collecting duct

Glomerulus-proximal convoluted tubule-distal convoluted tubule-medullary loop-collecting duct

D. Glomerulus-collecting duct-proximal convoluted tubule-medullary loop-distal convoluted tubule

66. The gas exchange efficiency of birds is higher than that of mammals because: (1)

A. many alveoli. B. the respiratory muscles are developed. Airbags and double breathing. D. the total breathing area is large.

67. Myocardium does not produce tonic contraction, mainly because: (1)

A. intercalated disc structure B. Long refractory period of myocardial action potential C. Autonomy D. Special conduction system

68. Which of the following ion exchange mechanisms exists in the body? (2 points)

A.na++-K+ exchange B. k++-h+ exchange C. na++-h+ exchange

Potassium ion exchange calcium ion exchange sodium ion exchange

The third part of 24 questions (32 points)

69. Which of the following population density survey methods belongs to the relative density survey method? (2 points)

A. Elimination sampling method B. Number of animals recorded per unit time (distance)

C. Trace counting

70. Male sticklebacks usually attack when they see the red belly of another male fish. However, male sticklebacks are more aggressive when they see a large red belly spot. So the great abdominal erythema is: (1 min)

A. Protective color B. Warning color C. Abnormal stimulation D. Abnormal stimulation

7 1. Exogenous stimulus comes from: (1)

A. Pituitary B. Internal environment (plasma, tissue fluid, lymph)

C. External environment D. Nervous and endocrine system

72. The influence of high temperature on biology includes which of the following? (2 points)

A. weaken photosynthesis and strengthen respiration. B. Destroy the water balance of plants

C. Destroy the activity of enzyme and denature protein.

73. During the breeding season, male elk spray urine on their body surface and cause other individuals to smell it. Therefore, the effect of urine ejection behavior is most likely related to which of the following options? ( 1)

A.this is a sign of estrus. B. Fighting predators

C. Territorial symbol D. Heatstroke prevention and cooling

74. During the breeding period, each pair of gray forest owls occupies a certain area of forest land for life, and no other individuals are allowed to enter. This behavior of grey forest owls belongs to: (1)

A. foraging behavior B. domain behavior C. learning behavior D. reproductive behavior

75. In some areas of China, people buy Brazilian tortoises from pet markets and put them into local rivers and lakes. The results showed that with the increase of the number of Brazilian turtles, the number and species of local turtles and fish decreased obviously. What is the reason for the increase in the number of Brazilian turtles? (2 points)

A. The local climate is suitable for the Brazilian tortoise. B. Brazilian turtles have no natural enemies.

C. the reproductive rate of Brazilian tortoise is very high. The Brazilian tortoise is a carnivore.

76. In the natural environment, the litter layer is the thickest in the following types of ecosystems: (1)

A. temperate grassland B. northern coniferous forest C. broad-leaved shrub D. tropical rain forest

77. The following obvious traits can be used to judge whether small animals adapt to water-deficient habitats: (1)

A. basal metabolic level B. body color C. nasal cavity structure D. brown adipose tissue

78. A large part of the energy flow of an ecosystem flows to the predatory food chain, so this ecosystem is most likely to be: (1).

A. Forest ecosystem B. Grassland ecosystem C. River ecosystem D. Lake ecosystem

79. Average age structure of population: (1 min)

A. Number of individuals of a specific age

B. Proportion of individuals of different ages in the population

C. Division of individuals at different age stages in the population

D. the ratio of the age of individuals in reproductive period to the average life expectancy of individuals in the population

80. Galapagos penguins live in the Galapagos Islands near the equator and are much smaller than Adelie penguins and emperor penguins living in Antarctica. This phenomenon can be used as a concrete example of which of the following characteristics? (2 points)

A. Competitive B. Adaptability C. Heredity and variability D. Stress

8 1. Which of the following options can constitute an ecosystem: (2 points)

A. mantis catches cicada, and yellowbird is behind.

B The water tank on the balcony contains goldfish, crabs, aquatic plants, sand, water and food for goldfish.

C. grassland with rodents.

D. ponds with small fish, big fish and phytoplankton.

82. Regarding the mathematical model of logistic growth: DN/DT = RN (1-N/K), the following statement is correct: (1)

A. if n tends to zero, almost all the space is used, and the potential maximum population growth cannot be realized.

B if n tends to k, almost all the space is not used, and the potential maximum growth capacity of population can be fully realized.

C when the population n gradually increases from 0 to k, the realizable degree of the potential maximum population growth gradually increases.

D when the population n gradually increases from 0 to k, the realizable degree of potential maximum population growth gradually decreases.

83. Which of the following plants cannot be used as indicator species of Eurasian steppe: (2 points)

A. Stipa Stipa dicotyledonous Festuca

In a stable pond ecosystem, sudden pollution kills all the plants. Among the measurable changes, the first one to reduce the concentration is: (1).

A. carbon dioxide b nitrate c oxygen d phosphorus

85. There are 22 species of wild indigenous fish in Erhai Lake, Yunnan Province, among which 8 species are endemic to Erhai Lake, such as the rare Dali bowhead fish. In order to pursue fishery production, people began to throw fry, such as green grass and silver carp, into Erhai Lake in the 1960s. After 20 years, the output of grass, silver carp and other fish increased, but the Dali bow fish disappeared, and several other dominant indigenous fish were extinct or endangered. The development process of green grass and silver carp in Erhai Lake is called (1) in ecology.

A. Ecological invasion B. Migration C. Diffusion D. Reintroduction

86. In the volcanic eruption disaster in Sumatra, Indonesia, a person was trapped on an island where it was difficult to find edible food except enough drinking water. Fortunately, he still has 3 kilograms of grain and a female duck weighing 1 kg. What should he do to maintain the longest survival time and get rescue? ( 1)

A. Feed the ducks 3 Jin of grain, eat duck eggs, and then eat ducks. Eat the mother duck first, then the grain.

C. Eat 2 kg of grain, feed the ducks with 1 kg of grain, eat duck eggs, and then eat ducks. Eat the grain first, then the mother duck.

87. In the experiment to study the behavior of MICROTUS voles, the observer selected a family group as the observation object, and observed each individual for 20 minutes in turn from 6:00- 18:00 every day, and recorded all behaviors during the observation period. This sampling method includes which of the following? (2 points)

A. point sampling B. scanning sampling C. target sampling D. random sampling E. continuous recording (sampling)

88. The diagram on the right shows the carbon cycle of the ecosystem, and "I" represents the flow direction of carbon.

Direction of motion, in which ③ most likely represents: (1)

A. Producer B. Decomposer

C. Consumers D. Carbon dioxide

89. When analyzing the annual rings of an ancient tree in Changbai Mountain, it was found that the annual ring spacing widened abnormally in a certain section. The most unlikely reason is: (1).

A. The growing season in the corresponding year is unusually warm.

B. the rainfall in the corresponding year is unusually low.

C. The trees adjacent to the tree die in the corresponding year, and the competition pressure is reduced.

D, the upper trees covered by trees in the corresponding year died, and the lighting conditions were improved.

90. The following statement about the changes in the structural and functional characteristics of the ecosystem from infancy to maturity is correct: (1)

A. The mineral nutrient cycle of mature ecosystem is relatively more open.

B. Mature ecosystems have high resistance and resilience.

C. in the developing ecosystem, the ability to resist external interference is good.

In the developing ecosystem, species diversity is low and the niche of each species is wide.

9 1. What is the price of living in groups? (2 points)

A. competition increases with the increase of population size. B. increased opportunities for the spread of diseases and parasites.

C. it is easy to inbreed. D. the probability of being preyed is increased.

92. Which of the following statements is true about food chain and food web? ( 1)

A. The food chain is the channel of energy flow in the ecosystem.

B. Predator food chain is the main food chain of energy conversion in terrestrial ecosystem.

C. along the food chain, individual animals become smaller and smaller.

D in the food web, according to the feeding habits of animals, each animal can only belong to a specific trophic level.