I. Overview of Cultivation Techniques of Pleurotus ostreatus At present, the cultivation methods of Pleurotus ostreatus are mostly artificial cultivation methods, and the planting materials used are also diverse, such as corn, rice, wheat straw, cottonseed hull and so on. This paper mainly discusses the application of corn straw raw materials. Pleurotus ostreatus is an edible fungus, which is deeply loved by people and has great market demand.
With the vigorous development of market economy, mass innovation and mass entrepreneurship, Pleurotus ostreatus is a niche, but it contains huge business opportunities. Using Pleurotus ostreatus is also a way to start a business.
In daily life, auricularia auricula is a kind of food that people often see on the table. Rich in taste and nutrition, it has health-preserving functions beneficial to human body, such as clearing intestine and lowering blood pressure, so it is deeply loved by the public. Moreover, the use of corn stalks in the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus actually plays a great role in ecological maintenance, because the waste stalks after crop harvest are generally burned on the spot to remove the waste, so as to avoid the waste occupying agricultural land. This method is unsafe and will cause serious air pollution. The recycling of straw in Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation realizes the full utilization and recycling of resources, and on this basis protects the environment on which human beings depend, so this method is worth using. Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus requires not only materials but also mature technical support, so it is of great economic and ecological value to study the cultivation techniques in depth.
2. Practice steps 1. Pretreatment of raw materials; 2. making strains; 3. Carry out heap fermentation; 4, processing the culture material; 5. Inoculate and cultivate bacteria; 6. Management before and after the results.
Specific technical bag for cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus with corn stalk 3. 1 The raw materials used should be processed in advance.
First of all, corn stalk raw meal is the raw material to be used. Corn stalks should be processed in time after collection. This is to prevent the stalk from deteriorating and moldy. Good materials can provide a better environment for the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus, thus cultivating high-quality Pleurotus ostreatus. The steps of straw treatment are as follows: step one, if the weather is clear, evenly spread the reasonably prepared limewater solution on the surface of straw for drying, and collect it after moderate drying; If it rains, evenly sprinkle lime powder on the surface of the straw.
The second step is to cut the straw into sections, the volume of which is similar to that of broad beans. The third step is bagging. Straw stored in culture bags should be kept away from humid environment, and stored in an environment with low air humidity to ensure the quality of corn straw in culture bags.
3.2 mycelium inoculation and bacterial culture
? When cultivating planting raw materials or semi-raw materials, it should be noted that the raw materials should not be close to the inoculation site. After careful cleaning, disinfection and sterilization, open inoculation can be adopted. Generally, three layers of strains are inoculated, and the proportion of total strains in straw material is 15% ~ 20%.
? In the process of inoculation, the amount of bacteria in the second layer is less than that in the 1 layer and the third layer, which provides a certain space for the growth of mycelium. When sowing bacteria, try to spread it on the bag wall, so as to prevent the temperature from being too high and burning bacteria. There should be more seeds at the end and beginning of the bag. After bagging and inoculation, the two ends of the bag should be sealed with sealing rings prepared in advance to prevent air, moisture and sundries from entering the bag and damaging the internal environment of the bag.
In addition, the quality of the selected strains is very important. The cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus strains is mostly carried out in special culture bottles, and the cultivated flora needs to be taken out of the culture container, which may also be polluted by external bacteria, so the environment when taking out the strains should also be sterilized. When inoculating mycelium, avoid manual operation, take mycelium with sterilized tweezers (potassium permanganate solution should be used for disinfection) and put it in a bag. In addition, human factors should also be taken into account. Wear a mask when transferring mycelium, reduce conversation, and prevent bacteria carried in saliva and breath exhaled by technicians from polluting mycelium.
3.3 Protection of hyphae
Steps to protect hyphae are also extremely important. After inoculation, it should be placed in a well-ventilated room to provide a good environment for bacterial growth. In addition, the duration of ventilation varies according to the season, and it should be longer in spring and winter. Through the observation of mycelium, the duration of ventilation should be scientifically adjusted, and it is shorter in summer and autumn. In a word, protecting hyphae requires some observation and endurance.
3.4 How to disinfect the culture bags used?
In the cultivation of fungi, if the operation is improper, it is likely to produce mildew, and how to avoid mildew is also worth studying. In addition to paying attention to the selection and processing of raw materials, it is also necessary to pay attention to the disinfection of bags containing straw. It should be noted that before the chopped straw fragments are put into the culture bag, the bag should be disinfected by professional disinfection methods, so as to prevent the growth environment of Pleurotus ostreatus from being polluted, and the loss caused by excessive bacteria in the culture bag and mildew of the culture raw materials. The disinfection method is generally high temperature disinfection, and the culture bag is cut into appropriate sizes. After the culture bag is placed, the bacteria in the bag should be eliminated by steaming, and it is best to put it in a steamer and steam it with boiling water at high temperature for 8 ~ 10h.
3.5 Protection and management of fruiting mushrooms
When the mycelium is flourishing, it can be put into the bacteria room for culture. Every detail of this step should be done well, because it is the last step in cultivating crops and its position is very important. Therefore, Pleurotus ostreatus cultivators should seriously carry out the designated work. When it is observed that the mycelium in the culture bag is full and the yellow liquid in the fungus bag exceeds 1/3, the bag is transferred to the Pleurotus ostreatus greenhouse and placed well. It should be noted that according to the weather conditions, the shed should be closed during the day and open at night; At noon, cold water should be used to drench the bacterial wall, and cold water should be used to drench the bacterial wall every day at noon. Under the double stimulation of temperature difference and dry humidity, the kink of mycelium is induced. After observing that most hyphae germinate, the sealing paper can be removed and ventilated in time. The humidity of the bacteria room is very particular. For Pleurotus ostreatus or fungi, water and humidity are the key factors to determine their growth. The humidity environment of Pleurotus ostreatus should be 85% in the initial stage, and when Pleurotus ostreatus grows in large quantities in the middle stage, the humidity can be increased to 90% according to the estimated water demand.
Fourth, summarize the rapid development of economy and society, and the changes of quality of life judgment standards that follow. At this stage, people's requirements for food have also changed. The nutritional value, delicious taste and health of the selected ingredients have gradually become the main factors for the public to consider when choosing ingredients. Therefore, the cultivation and production of Pleurotus ostreatus should conform to the times and improve the edible value of Pleurotus ostreatus. At present, the Pleurotus ostreatus provided to the vegetable market is generally planted artificially, which requires more labor. After all, the output and work efficiency of artificial cultivation are low, and the automation technology of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation is seldom used. Therefore, it is still necessary to strengthen the development and exploration of related technologies in this area.