Brief introduction of Ji Kang's characters
Ji Kang (224-263, 223-262), the word uncle night. Han nationality, Qiao Guoluo County (now Suixi County, Anhui Province). Cao Wei was a famous thinker, musician and writer in the Three Kingdoms period. In the early Qing Dynasty and the late Qing Dynasty, Ruan Ji and other bamboo forest celebrities advocated a new style of metaphysics, arguing that "the more celebrities teach, the more nature there will be" and "distinguish between the noble and the humble and be sensible", and were the spiritual leaders of the "seven sages of bamboo forest". Ji Kang is the son-in-law of Cao Wei's imperial clan and married Cao Cao's great-granddaughter Changle Pavilion. He is a doctor from Cao Wei Middle School, and he is called Ji Zhong San. Later, he was framed for offending Zhong Hui and was executed by Si Mazhao at the age of 39.
Ji Kang is good at writing, and his works are mainly poems with distinctive style. He pays attention to health. He once wrote The Theory of Health Preservation. From generation to generation. His works reflect the thoughts of the times and bring a lot of inspiration to the later ideological and literary circles. His personality charm made him a celebrity at that time, and Justin called him one of the "bamboo celebrities". His deeds and experiences have a great influence on the ethos and value orientation of later generations. He has many attributes, such as political figures and cultural figures, and the interpretation of him by later scholars tends to be diversified.
Ji Kang's life
Ji Kang was born in Huang Chu, Wei Wendi for five years (224 years). His ancestors were originally named Xi and lived in Shangyu, Huiji (now Shangyu District, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province). After his great-grandfather, he moved to Luo County (now Suixi County, Huaibei City, Anhui Province) and changed his surname to Ji. Ji Kang's father, Zhao Ji, has a long word, and the official is the governor's grain management book. Ji Kang has a brother named Ji Xi. He joined the army as a scholar in his early years, determined to be an official, and later went to Taifu and Zong Zheng.
Ji Kang lost his father when he was young and was raised by his mother and brother. Smart from an early age, well-read, learning all kinds of skills. As an adult, he likes reading Taoist works. He is seven feet eight inches long. Rong Zhi is outstanding, but he doesn't pay attention to dressing up. Later, he married the wife of Changle Pavilion, the daughter of Wang Pei Cao Lin, and was worshipped as a doctor. Ji Kang and Changle Pavilion have a son and a daughter (son's name is Ji Shao). He often cultivates self-cultivation, eats Inner Dan, plays the piano and sings poems to satisfy himself.
Ji Kang praised Lao Zi and Zhuangzi and once said, "Lao Zi and Zhuangzi are my teachers!" Pay attention to the way of keeping in good health and eating. He advocates the lifestyle of "being famous by teachers and letting nature take its course", and has written "On Health Preservation" to clarify his own way of health preservation. He praised the deeds of ancient hermits' loyalty to virtue, yearned for the life of being born, and was unwilling to be an official.
Ji Kang used to travel to Yamazawa to collect herbs. When he was proud, he drifted off and forgot to go home. When the woodcutters saw him, they all thought he was a fairy. I met Sun Deng, a hermit, and Ji Kang walked with him. Sun Deng was silent and said nothing. When Ji left, Sun Deng said, "You are strong-willed and brilliant. How can we avoid disaster? " Ji Kang met Wang Lie, a hermit, and went into the mountains together. Wang Lie once got the essence of caramel, so he ate half of it himself and gave the rest to Ji Kang, all of which condensed into stones. I saw a book written in white silk in the stone room again, and immediately asked Ji Kang to get it. Ji Kang never met again. Wang Lie sighed: "Ji Kang's interest is unusual, but he is always incompetent. This is life! "
General Si Mazhao wanted to hire him as a shogun, and he went to Hedong County to avoid conquest. A captain in Li Si, Zhong Hui, paid a visit with great ceremony and was given a cold shoulder by him. Dan Tao, who is also the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest, elected Ji Kang to succeed him when he left office. Ji Kang wrote "Breaking Up with Shan Juyuan", listing his "seven can't" and "two can't" and resolutely refusing to be an official.
Lu An's wife Xu is beautiful and insulted by Lu An's brother Lu Xun. Lu Ansheng was angry and wanted to sue Lu Xun. Ji Kang had contacts with Lu Xun and Lu An brothers, so he advised Lu An not to expose his family's dirty laundry and to clear his name. But Lu Xun was afraid of revenge, so he took the initiative to accuse Lu An of unfilial, and Lu An was arrested by the government. Ji Kang was very angry, so he came forward to testify for Lu An, which angered General Si Mazhao. At this point, Zhong Hui, who had been enemies with Ji Kang, took the opportunity to frame Ji Kang to Si Mazhao and put Lu An and Ji Kang to death.
On the day of the execution, 3,000 students from the Imperial College collectively petitioned for Ji Kang's pardon and asked Ji Kang to be a teacher in the Imperial College, but these demands were not granted. Before the execution, Ji Kang looked as usual. He looked at the shadow of the sun, and there was still some time before the execution, so he recorded his favorite piano to his brother and caressed a song "Guangling San" on the execution ground. At the end of the song, Ji Kang put down his piano and sighed, "Yuan Xiaoni (Zhun Yuan) used to learn Guangling San from me, but I always hesitated when I taught him. Guangling San is now lost." (Guangling San is not Ji Kang's solo work. ) Then I will kill it calmly. There is no scholar in the sea who does not regret it. Si Mazhao soon realized his mistake and deeply regretted it. Xie Wan listed it as one of the "Eight Saints". Justin called Ji Kang and other seven people "bamboo forest celebrities" in the Biography of Who.
Ji kang's story
1, wild and willful
Ji Kang is broad-minded, free and lazy. "I often don't wash my hair on January 15, I don't feel bored, and I don't take a shower." Plus he lost his father when he was young, so he often indulged himself. "I have lived a long time and my feelings are proud." As an adult, after he accepted Laozi and Zhuangzi, he "re-intensified his release efforts, making his heart of glory gradually decline." In laziness and freedom, Ji Kang's wildness and broadmindedness are bred.
Ji Kang was proud of the world when he was young and disdained to treat others with courtesy. Xiang Xiu once described his friendship with Ji Kang as follows: "I have a close relationship with Ji Kang and Lu An. He has no talent for being unruly. However, Lu Zhiyuan is sparse and Lu Xin is relaxed. " Zhong Hui framed Ji Kang on the charge of "debauchery, not destroying the canon".
2. despise the powerful.
Zhong Hui is a famous man, the son of Zhong You. "Minhui has become a talent." He was very successful when he was young. /kloc-at the age of 0/9, he became a secretary, and three years later, he was promoted to business. At the age of 29, he was appointed Commissioner of Customs. But Ji Kang refused to associate with him. But Zhong will admire Ji Kang, who is two years older than him. Shi Shuo Xin Yu records that Zhong Hui wanted to see Ji Kang after writing four papers, but he was afraid that Ji Kang would look down on him. In desperation, he actually "threw it outside and went back." After Zhong Hui, the famous anti-Japanese soldier, visited Ji Kang again, Ji Kang ignored it and continued to "strike while the iron is hot" under the big tree in front of his house, no one was watching. Zhong got bored and left angrily. Ji Kang finally spoke at this time. He asked Zhong Hui, "What did you hear?" Zhong Hui replied, "I heard it, saw it and left." Zhong will hold a grudge against this.
Si Mazhao wanted to win over Ji Kang, but Ji Kang tended to stand on the side of Cao Shi royal family in the struggle at that time, and took an uncooperative attitude towards Sima Shi, so he was quite jealous.
3. Hide in the bamboo forest
Ji Kang returned to nature, detached from things, not bound by the secular, and attached importance to friendship. Ji Kang said in Biography of Literati that he was "skillful in nature and could forge iron". Ji Kang likes to strike while the iron is hot. The iron shop is under a leafy willow tree in the back garden. He attracted a mountain spring and built a small swimming pool around the willows. Tired of striking while the iron is hot, he jumped into the pool and soaked for a while. The people I met either praised him for his "quiet and refreshing movements" or praised him for his "looseness, lofty and attractive". "Jin Shu Ji Kang Biography" wrote: "Kang lives in poverty and works with Xiang Embroidery while the iron is hot under a big tree to support himself." While the iron is hot, he shows "being far away from the crowd" and contempt for the world, which is the embodiment of his spiritual characteristics.
4. Say it out loud.
Originally, Lu Xun and Lu An were Ji Kang's friends, but the two brothers suddenly fought a big lawsuit that shocked the distance. When Lu Xun saw that his sister-in-law Xu was beautiful, he took advantage of Lu An's absence and ordered his wife to get her drunk and raped her. After the incident, Lu An wanted to sue the authorities. Lu Xun quickly sought mediation from Ji Kang. Ji Kang had an unusual relationship with them. At the request of Lu Xun, he intervened to calm things down. Afterwards, however, Lu Xun made a rake. The wicked first complained that Lu An was not filial and dared to slap his mother. Difficult to argue, Lu An thought of his most distinguished friend Ji Kang. Ji Kang is angry. Ji Kang wrote "Dear John" and scolded Lu Xun. He wants to express his likes and dislikes by breaking up, and also wants to show the meaning of friends by breaking up. After Lu An went to prison, Ji Kang naturally participated in mediation in order to explain the truth, and Ji Kang was also imprisoned.
5. Ji Shao is not alone.
Ji Kang entrusted his child to Dan Tao before he died and said to his son Ji Shao, "You are not alone." (Say "Chrysanthemum Garden is here, you are not alone." After Ji Kang's death, Dan Tao treated Ji Shao like his own son. He didn't live up to Ji Kang's great trust, and has been cultivating Ji Shaozi. This is the origin of the idiom "Ji Shao is not alone".
Ji Kang's masterpiece
1, four words to give brother scholar eighteen army poems, fourteenth poem.
Ji Kang [Wei and Jin Dynasties]
Our troops rest in the orchid garden, feed horses on grassy slopes, shoot birds at the water's edge and fish in the long river.
Hongyan looked at the south and played the banjo with her hand.
Every move has a leisurely pace.
I am very happy that the secrets of nature can be understood!
If you are good at fishing, you will forget about fish.
Wholehearted English is dead, and these words are useless to anyone else.
2. Break up with Shan Juyuan.
Ji Kang [Wei and Jin Dynasties]
Kang Bai: The first step used to call me Yingchuan, and I often called it Know My Words. However, it is strange that this idea is not familiar with the first step, how can we get it? I came back from Hedong the year before last, and both Xian Zong and A said that they would go first and discuss their own generation. Although I can't do it, I don't know when I am satisfied. The first step is to pass by, but more can be blamed; I'm straight and narrow. I can't bear it. I know each other with one step. I heard that I don't like the first step, but I'm afraid that the first step is too embarrassed to cut people. I really hope I can help myself by introducing a corpse and recommending a sword in my hand. This sword is full of fishy smell. Therefore, I think it is possible for Chen Qi to take the first step.
People who used to study and be introduced, or say nothing, now I believe that it really has ears. Sex is unbearable, but it is really not strong. Today's empty language knows that people who can do anything are not unusual in appearance, but there is nothing wrong with their hearts. The whole life is the same, but they regret it. Laozi, Zhuang Zhou, my teacher, also live in humble posts; Liu Xiahui and Dong Fangshuo, brilliant people, are all humble, how dare I sell myself short! Zhong Ni loves everything and is not ashamed of flogging; Wen Zi didn't want anything from Qing Xiang, but it was a gentleman's intention to think about economic matters. The so-called Danone, the good thing is perseverance, the bad thing is complacency and boredom. From this point of view, the monarch of Yao and Shun, the rock habitat of Yao and Shun, the assistant of ovary and the trip of Song are one of them. Looking up to a few princes can be described as people who can fulfill their ambitions. Therefore, a gentleman can do anything, all roads lead to the same goal, follow nature, and have their own security. So there is a theory that there is a court that does not go out into the mountains and does not return. And the wind of Gao Yanling's son Zang, evergreen, is like a festival, and the ambition entrusted by him cannot be taken away. Every time I read the biographies of Shang Zi Ping Tai, I admire them and think they are human beings. Less lonely dew, mother and brother see arrogance, not involved in Confucian classics. Relaxed and lazy, with sluggish muscles and bones, 1 month15th, I often don't wash my hair or face, and I'm not bored or itchy. I can't help urinating every time, and my ears turn slightly. I have lived for a long time, and my feelings are arrogant. Simplicity and politeness are opposites, laziness and slowness complement each other, and I am lenient and don't attack my peers. I read Zhuang and Lao again, emphasizing more. Therefore, my heart for promotion is declining and my honesty is changing. This rare tame Jewish bird and deer obeys Christianity; If you look at the shackles for a long time, you will be crazy about tassels and go to the soup; Although decorated with golden bodyguards, the more I think about the forest, the more I think about the grass.
Ruan Sizong's mouth is beyond the reach of every teacher; It's not harmful to things to be extraordinary, but it's too bad to drink. It is brought by the people of etiquette, and it is as sick as hatred. Fortunately, the general saved his ears. I am not as good as Munenosuke, but I lack relaxation; Don't understand human feelings, it is darker than a machine; Not cautious, but tired. Over time, the defects became more and more serious. Although you want to be safe, can you get it? People are polite, the court has laws and is self-sufficient. There are seven things that you can't stand. The second thing is not: lying late, but when it is cancelled, it can't stand it. Singing and fishing in the wild with musical instruments, guarded by officials and soldiers, are not allowed to move or be disturbed. If you sit in danger for a while, your numbness will not shake, and your sex will be more lice. I couldn't catch it myself, but I was wrapped in a chapter and worshipped Shangguan, which was unbearable. It's not convenient to write, and I don't like to write. But there are many things in the world, and if you don't pay each other, then sin will hurt your righteousness. If you push yourself, it won't last long, and it will be miserable. I don't like mourning, but humanitarianism is very important. I have been complained by those who have not forgiven. I want to see the injured. Although Qu Ran blames himself, his nature is hard to change. He must be obedient to customs, so ungrateful that he will never get rid of his grievances and reputation. I don't like laity, but when it comes to things, or guests sit, sing and scream, everything changes. At present, six people are unbearable. The heart is impatient, but the official business is in hand, and the maintenance is entangled in the heart, and things are complicated. Every soup, martial arts thin weeks, riddled with holes, not only in the world, this matter will be obvious, the world's teaching can not be tolerated, which is very important. You are sick in the intestines, outspoken, and angry when something happens. This is different. In order to carry forward the nature of prudence and independence and unify these nine diseases, there is no external difficulty. When there are internal diseases, it is better to look forward to the evil in the world. I have also heard the last words of Taoist priests, baiting Yuzhu will make people live longer, and I believe it very much; I'm glad to come to Shanze to see the fish and birds. If you are an official, it will be abolished. You can give up if you like it, and you can be afraid if you are afraid!
Knowing your wife's nature, you can help her. I don't force Bo to become a child, but all my festivals are also; Zhong Ni is not fake in summer, keep it short; Nearby, we don't force Yuan to take Shu directly, and Hua Ziyu is not strong enough to be an enemy of Qing Dynasty. It can be said that we can start from the beginning and know the truth. The first step is to see that a straight piece of wood can't be a wheel and a curved piece of wood can't be a chariot. Guy doesn't want to waste his genius, he has to do it right. Therefore, the four people have their own jobs and enjoy success. Only those who can achieve it can understand that this is the first step to the inner ear. Don't be complacent, Zhang Fu, who is better than who. I'm smelly and rotten, and I want to raise a small honeymoon to die. I learned the art of keeping in good health, let myself shine outside, lose my taste, wander in loneliness and value inaction. Even if there are no nine evils, I still don't care about the first step. I'm depressed again, and I'm more and more embarrassed. I'm trying to do it myself, and I can't be so unhappy as I am now. Since I have tried divination, if the road is exhausted, I will hear something. There is nothing wrong with the first step, let it turn to the ravine.
The new news that I lost my mother and brother is often sad. The woman is thirteen and the man is eight. She is underage and very ill. I don't care about this! Today, I hope to keep the humble hutongs and educate my children and grandchildren. When I get old, I will leave my family behind. Chen said, I want a glass of turbid wine and play the piano all my life. I want to volunteer. If you don't make mistakes, you want to be an official. If you are good, use your ears. The first step is to know that you are poor and careless, not as good as today's talents. If the layman likes glory, he can leave alone, which will be faster; This is the latest, so to speak. However, it is valuable to make your talents broad and all-inclusive, but you can't camp. If I am sick and sleepy, I want to leave those things alone to save the rest of my life. This is really hard to hear. Can you see the yellow door and call it "true"? If you are interested in going to the king, you will be happy when you take photos. Once forced, it will go crazy. Self-blame is heavy, not this.
Man Zi, who has a quick back and a beautiful Qin son, wants to offer the supreme. Although it is only a little interesting, it is already sparse. I wish I didn't like it. That's what it means, not only to solve the first step, but also to think otherwise. Ji
3. Join the army for a scholar
Ji Kang [Wei and Jin Dynasties]
A mandarin duck flies and its feathers are crushed. Travel to the plateau, Sue.
You are happy when you are harmonious. Be generous and tolerant.
Yuanyang is flying, and the couple are dying. Travel to the plateau and live in Suzhou.
Winging across the neck, bearing a clear stream. Chew Whelan so that you can enjoy yourself.
Swim in the long river and talk about it. I am interested in Gorkon, and my words are clear.
Well, I'm moving forward and walking alone. I cried like rain.
Swim in the long river and talk about it. It is absurd to talk about Gorkon.
Well, I'm independent and I'm scared. I'm proud of him. I carried him behind my back.
Mumu will wind, fan him gently. Yi Su Weibo, turn this scale.
In my work, someone is pregnant. Words will always be remembered, and the bell is dear to you.
I love safety, but I stay away from it. Give up this Sun Zhi and attack Xiao Ai.
Although it is deep, there is no drift. Talking about a gentleman is harmful and not beneficial.
Life is long, heaven and earth are long. In a hundred years, which cloud is its life
In order to save immortality, I want immortality. Wandering around, looking up at my friends.
You and I are friends, separated by Qian Shan. Who says the river is wide and a reed can sail?
I hate leaving forever, but there is still a long way to go. Panfo, I am wandering.
A good horse is idle, and beautiful clothes are bright. Left weak, right forgotten.
The wind is flying and the scenery is flying. Sharp central plains, looking forward to life.
Take me to hate, take me for a ride. It faces Changfu in the south and the canal in the north.
I was stunned by autumn, and I was attracted by deep fish. Only swimming in the wild is fun.
Gao Ling Yuan Qi, pitching advice. If you complain about your loneliness, your room is far from you.
Although there is a good voice, who is with Qingge? Although there is face, but who is with China?
Look up at the high clouds and look down at the light waves. Run away by the current and hate mountains.
Get off without pomp, rest for a long time. Chunmu Rong, Buye Yin.
Xi Feng, play my pipa. Make friends with yellow birds and take care of good voices.
Love is clear, thinking about what I admire. The troubles of the heart are always whistling and singing.
The vast torrent, take me to Bangji. The lush green forest is full of glory and brilliance.
Fish flies, birds fly. Go on road trip, forget to come back every day.
Miss my good friend, hungry. I hope I can't get what I said, which is very sad.
Our troops rest in the orchid garden, feed horses on grassy slopes, shoot birds at the water's edge and fish in the long river. Hongyan looked at the south and played the banjo with her hand.
Every move has a leisurely pace. I am very happy that the secrets of nature can be understood!
If you are good at fishing, you will forget about fish. After the death of the British, no one can say anything.
Literary achievements
Main item: Zheng Shi literature
Ji Kang's literary creation mainly includes poetry and prose. He has more than fifty poems. There are four words, five words, seven words and miscellaneous words, and the score of four words is higher. He Chao's "Selected Works" said: "The four characters are not confined to elegance, but written in the chest, higher than Pan and Lu." His four-character poems are a batch of successful works after Cao Cao.
Ji Kang's poems mainly express his outlook on life, which is the pursuit of nature, independence and rejection of fame and fortune. Among them, Poems for the Past describes his life experiences and ideals, and expresses great indignation at his innocence and injustice. At the end of the poem, he said, "Cai Weishan, there are caves. Yong Xiao often sings, and he supports his life. " Express your yearning for a free life. This poem is straightforward and clear-cut, and can be read together with Breaking Up with Mountain Juyuan. The fourth song "Giving Scholar to Join the Army" consists of eighteen chapters, the content of which is to imagine his brother's life in the army, but his free and easy interest is Ji Kang.
Ji Kang's poetic style, Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long, was rated as "Ji Zhi Qing Jun", and he also said: "My uncle is handsome, so I am in high spirits." It highlights the close relationship between Ji Kang's poetic style and his personality temperament. Ji Kang's "Breaking Up with Shan Juyuan" claims that he is "just sick in his intestines, but if he speaks lightly, he will be angry if something happens", and so is his poem. Zhong Rong's "Shi Pin" comments on his poems as "rigorous", which also means this.
Musical achievements
Ji Kang is proficient in temperament, especially in playing the piano, and has written music theory works "Fu Qin" and "On Sound without Sorrow". He advocates that the essence of sound is "harmony" and harmony with heaven and earth is the highest realm of music. He believes that emotions are not musical feelings in essence, but human feelings.
Ji Kang wrote "The Wind Into the Pine", and it is said that Ji Kang also wrote "Lonely Family Meeting God". There are four piano pieces of Changqing, Short Qing, Long Side and Short Side, which are collectively called Jisi Lane and Cai Yong Chua's Five Lane as Nine Lane. Yang Di once regarded playing "Nine Farmers" as a condition for his official career.
Painting and calligraphy creation
1, calligraphy
Ji Kang is good at calligraphy and cursive works. Its ink is "radiant and delicate in spirit" and is listed as a unique cursive script. Later generations called his calligraphy "like holding a piano and half drunk, sleeping soundly, if birds gather, people will disperse."
Step 2 paint
Ji Kangshan and Dan Qing were recorded in Zhang Yanyuan's Famous Paintings of Past Dynasties in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, Ji Kang's "Wash My Nest Ear" and "The Lion Beats the Elephant" were handed down from generation to generation, but they have been lost.
3. The concept of medical care
Ji Kang inherited Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi's idea of keeping in good health, and gained a lot of experience in practice. His health preserving theory is the first comprehensive and systematic health preserving monograph in the history of health preserving in China. Later generations such as Tao Hongjing and Sun Simiao. All of them were learned from his idea of keeping in good health.
In Ji Jikang, every chapter contains the principle of keeping in good health, and puts forward the concept of keeping in good health that "the more famous you teach, the more natural it is".
During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the study of health preservation flourished, but there were two opposing ideas at that time: one thought that cultivation could become immortal and live forever; The second is that "life and death are all decided by heaven, and half of them are not decided by people." In view of this phenomenon, Ji Kang pointed out that immortals are impossible. If they are properly cultivated, they can settle down, and Peng Zu's theory can be achieved.
In his important book "The Theory of Health Preservation", taking guiding and raising people to live longer as the general argument, he put forward the following views:
First, both form and spirit are important. He illustrated the powerful effect of spirit on human body with examples, pointing out that "from this, spirit is to bones, and Judah has a monarch." Chinese medicine also believes that people are God-oriented, and the death of God means the death of form. Ji Kang grasped the root of health preservation here.
Second, health care should pay attention to one benefit, be careful of harm and be carried out in an all-round way. Ji Kang believes that everything in heaven and earth will be given different maintenance and life expectancy the day after tomorrow. Don't do it because you are young, don't do it because you are too young, take precautions for a long time, take precautions early, and actively strive for longevity.
Third, it is pointed out that if you don't pay attention to your health, indulge in debauchery, drown your interest and have too many emotions, you will easily die. "The husband is a physical person, and the attacker is not a smearer; It's easy to get tired, but it's not a stone. How long can it last? "
Fourthly, Ji Kang also warned medical staff to have confidence and perseverance, otherwise it will not be easy to have an effect. We should also follow the example of good health-preserving people, actively absorb good health-preserving methods, be abstinent, maintain a true mentality, "steam Ganoderma lucidum, moisten the ritual spring, take the sunrise and slow down the five chords", so as to "live longer than envy immortals and compete with Wang Qiao for the coming year".
Ji Kang practiced it himself. As the "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest", Zeng said: "I have lived in Kang for twenty years, but I have not seen him happy." His own theory has been done in almost all aspects, but he has committed the taboo of "forgetting outside the house" and was eventually framed and killed.