Wang Xizhi was born in a calligraphy family. His uncles Wang Yi and Wang Dao; Cousins Wang Tian and Wang Qia were both famous calligraphers at that time. Wang Xizhi (32 1-379, or 303-36 1) was born in Linyi (now Shandong) and later moved to Yin Shan (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). He is a general of the right army, and he will have a look at the internal history of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
At the age of seven, Wang Xizhi studied calligraphy with the female calligrapher Wei Shuo. Wang Xizhi had been copying Shu Wei until he was twelve years old. Although he is very good, he always feels dissatisfied. Because I often listen to the teacher's stories about calligraphers' diligent study and hard practice, I admire the calligraphy of Zhang Zhi, a "grass saint" in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and I am determined to use Zhang Zhi's "Linchi" story to motivate myself.
In order to practice calligraphy well, wherever he went, he always waded through mountains and rivers, explored ancient inscriptions and accumulated a lot of calligraphy materials. In his study, in the yard, at the gate and even outside the toilet, he has stools and pens, ink, paper and inkstones. Whenever he thinks of a well-structured word, he immediately writes it on paper. When he practiced calligraphy, he thought hard and even forgot to eat and sleep.
He believes that raising geese can not only cultivate sentiment, but also understand the truth of calligraphy from some gestures of geese. One morning, Wang Xizhi and his son Wang Xianzhi took a boat tour of Shaoxing. When they arrived near Xianshui Village, they saw a flock of white geese on the shore, staggering and dawdling. Wang Xizhi was fascinated by these white geese and wanted to buy them home. Wang Xizhi asked the Taoist priest nearby, hoping that the Taoist priest could sell him the goose. The Taoist priest said, "If the right army adults want it, please write a Taoist health book" Huang Ting Jing "for me! Wang Xizhi longed for geese and readily agreed to the conditions put forward by the Taoist priest. This is the story of "Wang Xizhi gave the White Goose Book".
At the age of twenty, A Qiu Chi Jian sent someone to Wang Dao's house to choose a son-in-law. At that time, people paid attention to family status, and the door was right. When Wang Dao's son and nephew heard that Qiu's family was coming to propose marriage, they all dressed up in disguise, hoping to be selected. Only Wang Xizhi, as if he didn't hear anything, was lying on the bamboo couch in the east, eating baked wheat cakes in one hand and painting clothes in the other. When people came back, they reported what they had seen to Captain Xi. When he knew that there was a quiet Wang Xizhi leaning on the east couch, he couldn't help clapping his hands and cheering. This is the son-in-law I want! So Chi Jian married his daughter Xi Jun to Wang Xizhi. This story has become two allusions of "East Bed" and "Lingtan".
There are more idioms on him than that. It is said that on one occasion, he wrote his words on a board and gave them to a sculptor for carving. The man cut the board with a knife, only to find that his handwriting was printed two-thirds deep in the board. This is the origin of the idiom "cut to the chase".
Wang Xizhi's best calligraphy in his life is Preface to Lanting Collection. That was his work in middle age.
There is a custom in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Every year on March 3rd of the lunar calendar, people go to the river to play, so as to eliminate the ominous. This is called [repair]. On March 3rd, the 9th year of Yonghe, Wang Xizhi and some scholars, 4 1 * * *, went to the Lanting River to build a temple. Everyone is writing poems while drinking.
After the poem was written, everyone collected the poems and synthesized a preface to Lanting Collection, which was publicly recommended by Wang Xizhi. At this time, Wang Xizhi was drunk. He took advantage of the wine, picked up a moustache pen and waved it on the cocoon paper. This preface is the preface to the Lanting Collection, which became famous throughout the ages. This post is a draft with 28 lines and 324 words. Described the scene of the collection of literati at that time. Because the author was in high spirits and was very proud of his writing. It is said that I couldn't write anymore. Among them, there are more than twenty "zhi" characters, which are written in different ways. Mi Fei in Song Dynasty called it "the best running script in the world". According to legend, Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, collected the Preface to Lanting before his death and was buried in Zhaoling after his death. What's left is just a copy of others. What people see today is a Preface to Lanting. Wang Xizhi's calligraphy works are very rich. Besides Preface to Lanting Collection, there are other famous calligraphy works, such as Guan Nu Tie, Seventeen Tie, Two Xie Tie, Orange Tie, menstruation Tie, Quick Snow Clear Tie, Le Yi Lun, Huang Tingjing and so on. The main characteristics of his calligraphy are peaceful and natural, the brushwork is euphemistic and subtle, graceful and restrained, and later generations commented that "if you float in the clouds, you may be surprised by moss." Wang Xizhi's calligraphy is beautiful.
Five ancient calligraphers
In the history of calligraphy in China for thousands of years, many calligraphers have emerged, among which Wang Xizhi, Ou Yangxun, Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan in Tang Dynasty and Su Shi in Song Dynasty are five great calligraphers with great influence.
Wang Xizhi (32 1-379) was born in Linyi, Shandong. At the age of seven, he began to study calligraphy with Mrs. Wei, and then traveled to famous mountains and rivers, extensively collecting famous calligraphy works of Qin and Han dynasties, forming a unique style of peace, nature, strangeness, boldness and implicit taste, and creating a beautiful and convenient new book style. Preface to Lanting Collection is his masterpiece. In the development of calligraphy, Wang Xizhi plays the role of connecting the past and the future, and has always been known as the "sage of calligraphy".
Ou Yangxun (557-64 1) was born in Changsha, Hunan. His calligraphy in his early years gained Wang Xizhi's brushwork, and his masterpiece "Jiuchenggong Liquan Ming" has the characteristics of Wang Xizhi's regular script. Ou Yangxun also extensively studied the inscriptions in the Northern Dynasties, and absorbed the strengths of other calligraphers in the Tang Dynasty, forming a unique style of being vigorous, dangerous and strict, which is called "European style". The biggest feature of the European body is "danger and strength", while seeking stability in danger and strength. Like a tall building on a cliff, it looks breathtaking, but it is built smoothly and firmly.
Another great calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty was Yan Zhenqing (709-785), a native of Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi, Shaanxi). His calligraphy is vigorous and powerful, which fully shows a great innovative spirit that is not bound by Wei and Jin calligraphy, which is unprecedented among calligraphers in the Tang Dynasty.
His calligraphy has a dignified, heavy, simple and broad beauty, showing a graceful, generous, open and magnificent spirit.
Yan Zhenqing's calligraphy opened up a new realm after Wei and Jin Dynasties, representing the second peak of calligraphy in Tang Dynasty, enriching China's calligraphy art and having a great influence on later generations. His famous inscriptions include "Multi-Tower Induction Monument", "Magu Fairy Altar Story", "Yanjiamiao Monument", "Yan Monument", "Contention for Seats" and "Summary of Sacrifice to Nephew".
Liu Gongquan (778-865), a native of Yaoxian County, Shaanxi Province, was a calligrapher with Yan Zhenqing in the Tang Dynasty. He is also the representative of the second peak of calligraphy in Tang Dynasty. Wang Xizhi's calligraphy had a great influence on Liu Gongquan's early years, but Liu Gongquan also attached great importance to absorbing the achievements of calligraphy since Sui and Tang Dynasties, thus gradually creating his own vigorous and delicate style. In his calligraphy, there are many elements that absorb facial expressions. He emphasizes the beauty of bone strength in his brushwork, but it also has a beautiful charm. He is skilled and structured, but open and natural. Compared with Yan Ti, Liu Ti and Liu Ti see macro in beauty, and Yan Ti sees beauty in macro, each with its own characteristics, so it is called "Yan Gu". Liu Gongyi's famous inscriptions are: mysterious tower, Shence army monument and so on.
Although the regular script in Song Dynasty is not as good as that in Tang Dynasty, there is still a new situation in cursive script. As the saying goes, calligraphy is "Jin, Tang Shangfa and Song Shangyi". In Song Dynasty, calligraphy emphasized attitude and the expression of personal thoughts and feelings. Su Shi is such a calligrapher.
Su Shi (1036-1101), a native of Meishan, Sichuan, is a knowledgeable writer and painter. He likes writing best in his life. He writes almost every time he sees a pen or paper, but he never likes people asking him for words. He paid great attention to inscriptions in his early years, and especially admired Yan Zhenqing's calligraphy in his later years. However, his own calligraphy is not confined to one family, but on the basis of inheriting many achievements, he created his own calm, vigorous and bold calligraphy style, which reached a beautiful realm different from Wei, Jin and Tang Dynasties.
Su Shi believes that "calligraphy is impermanent", but it is not impossible to find it, but it does not stick to the previous rules. He also argues that calligraphy can only benefit from learning and rich knowledge, otherwise it will be in vain. He has a famous saying: "It is not enough to retreat into the mountains. You can understand God only by reading thousands of books." It means: learning calligraphy has no knowledge and opinions, but only copying, even if the kung fu is great, it is only a formality; Only by reading a lot of books and having an open mind can you write with charm. Su Shi's famous inscriptions include: cold food poems, red wall poems, Zhongshan Songlao poems, Dongting Spring Poems and so on.
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