Medical Translation English: Medicine. It is a science that deals with the problems related to the good state of human physiology in the definition of human health, aiming at treating and preventing physiological diseases and improving the level of human physiological health. Medicine in a narrow sense is only the treatment of diseases and the recovery of effective body functions, while medicine in a broad sense also includes China's regimen and western nutrition derived from it.
There are two major medical systems in the world: western micro-western medicine and eastern macro-Chinese medicine. The scientific nature of medicine lies in the application of basic medical theories, such as biochemistry, physiology, microbiology, anatomy, pathology, pharmacology, statistics, epidemiology, traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese medicine skills, to treat diseases and promote health.
Although the different ways of thinking between the East and the West lead to the different macro and micro order of studying the relationship between human health and the outside world and the pathological mechanism, in the near future, the accumulation of rich experience in the practice of Chinese and Western medicine and the formation of theories will surely give birth to a new medicine-humanistic medicine.
Medicine can be divided into modern medicine (commonly known as western medicine) and traditional medicine (including traditional Chinese medicine, Tibetan medicine, Mongolian medicine, Uygur medicine, Korean medicine, Yi medicine, Zhuang medicine, Miao medicine, Dai medicine, etc. Different regions and nationalities have corresponding medical systems and different aims and purposes. India's traditional medical system is also considered to be very developed.
Research fields include basic medicine, clinical medicine, forensic medicine, laboratory medicine, preventive medicine, health care medicine and rehabilitation medicine.
Basic medicine includes: medical biomathematics, medical biochemistry, medical biophysics, human anatomy, medical cell biology, human physiology, human histology, human embryology, medical genetics, human immunology, medical parasitology, medical microbiology, medical virology, human pathology, pathophysiology, pharmacology, medical experimental animal science, medical psychology, biomedical engineering, medical informatics, first aid and nursing.
Clinical medicine includes: clinical diagnostics, experimental diagnostics, imaging diagnostics+radiology diagnostics+ultrasound diagnostics+nuclear medicine diagnostics, clinical therapeutics, occupational therapeutics, chemotherapy, biotherapy, hemotherapeutics, tissue and organ therapeutics, dietotherapy, physiotherapy, speech therapeutics, psychotherapy, internal medicine, surgery, urology, obstetrics and gynecology, and pediatrics. Infectious diseases, dermatology, neurology, psychiatry, oncology, emergency medicine, anesthesia nursing, family medicine, sex medicine, hospice care, rehabilitation medicine, health care medicine, audiology.
The origins of Chinese and western medicine are roughly the same. Mainly includes:
① The instinctive behavior of rescuing and begging for food. Animals will lick their wounds when they are injured, and avoid going into the water when they are hot. People have the same instinct to save them as animals. When people are looking for food, they gradually find that onions, ginger, garlic, japonica rice and coix seed are all foods or condiments, but they have therapeutic effects;
② Life experience makes medicine. In ancient times, people made sharp tools through labor, resulting in medical devices such as stone needles and bone needles, and gradually mastered the experience of using tools to treat diseases. At the same time, it is found that moving limbs can relax muscles and collaterals and strengthen the body. The formation of "introduction" and "five-animal play" is also the concept of health preservation produced by the ancients after accumulating life experience;
(3) The combination and division of doctors and wizards. Primitive people, subject to uncivilized intelligence, are afraid of the changes in nature and all abnormal phenomena in the universe, and it is difficult to make a scientific and reasonable explanation, so they mistakenly think that supernatural forces are dominating them. Therefore, the confluence of witchcraft and medicine was once a history shared by Chinese and western medicine.
In the historical process of traditional Chinese medicine, "You Zhu" technology has been followed for thousands of years, and it belonged to one of the "thirteen subjects" in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Anatomy for medical purposes can be traced back to 1 1 year (the third year of Wang Mang's new dynasty in the Western Han Dynasty), which is the bud of empirical medicine in China. Due to the cultural pattern of China formed by the confluence of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, the retreat tendency of "emphasizing Taoism over weapons", emphasizing understanding over evidence is bound to lack logical reasoning, which makes it difficult for China's achievements in empirical medicine to be compared with western medicine in the future. Ancient Egyptian doctors used chanting, painting symbols and herbs to treat diseases. The first two are witch doctors.
Western medicine began to separate medicine from witchcraft in ancient Greece. Aristotle described the internal organs and organs of animals in detail. Hippocrates, the representative of the highest achievement of ancient Greek medicine, applied materialist philosophy to medicine. In On Sacred Diseases, he said: "The diseases that people (referring to epilepsy and some mental patients) call' sacred' are not more sacred and sacred than other diseases in my opinion, and they originated from natural causes like any other diseases. Just because the symptoms of these diseases are strange, and people know nothing about them and are full of doubts, they attribute their causes and nature to the gods. " The materialistic medical system established by Aristotle has accelerated the process of medical science.