Autotrophic organism:

Autotrophic organisms (or autotrophs) refer to organisms that can synthesize inorganic substances into organic substances. They have the ability to synthesize the required organic matter by themselves, and can obtain energy from inorganic matter. Autotrophic organisms transform inorganic substances (such as water, carbon dioxide and inorganic salts). ) into organic substances, and maintain their normal life activities through their own metabolism and metabolic pathways.

Autotrophic organisms are mainly divided into two categories: photosynthetic autotrophic organisms and chemoautotrophic organisms.

1. Photosynthetic autotrophs: These organisms can use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into organic substances and produce oxygen as a by-product. Typical photosynthetic autotrophs include plants and algae.

2. Chemotactic autotrophs: These organisms convert inorganic substances into organic substances through chemical reactions. Common chemoautotrophs include some bacteria and some special beneficiaries (such as some bacteria and archaea living in extreme environments).

Autotrophic organisms play an important ecological role on the earth. They provide energy and nutrition for other organisms on the basis of their own synthesis of organic matter. Autotrophic organisms are an important part of the earth's biodiversity and ecosystem stability. At the same time, autotrophs can absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen through photosynthesis, which can regulate the climate and environment of the earth.

Heterotrophs:

Heterotrophs (or heterotrophs) refers to an organism that cannot synthesize organic matter by itself, but needs to obtain organic matter from the outside as a source of energy and nutrition. They can't synthesize the required organic matter through their own metabolic process, so they must absorb organic matter from other organisms or organic matter to meet their own energy and nutrition needs.

Heterotrophs mainly obtains the required organic matter by ingesting, absorbing or swallowing other organisms or organic matter. They rely on synthetic substances from other organisms to provide energy and nutrition. Some typical heterotrophs include animals, fungi and bacteria.

Animals: Animals obtain energy and nutrition by consuming organic matter from other organisms (such as plants and other animals). Through digestion, absorption and metabolism, they convert organic substances into needed energy and nutrients.

Fungi: Fungi are organisms that decompose organic matter for a living. They decompose organic matter (such as woody matter, fallen leaves, dead organisms, etc.). ) break down into small molecules by secreting enzymes, and then absorb these small molecules as a source of nutrition.

Bacteria: Some bacteria are also heterotrophs. They provide their own energy and nutrition by absorbing external organic substances. According to different nutritional requirements, these bacteria can be divided into many heterotrophic types, such as chemical heterotrophic, photoheterotrophic and organic heterotrophic.

Heterotrophs plays an important role in the ecosystem. They are interdependent with autotrophs, which constitute the circulation and transfer of matter and energy in the biosphere. Through the food chain relationship in heterotrophs, energy and nutrition can be transferred from one biological level to another, maintaining the balance and stability of the ecosystem.