First, the migratory bird pension model
Migratory birds provide for the aged means that the elderly take a period of time every year to a more comfortable place for health and vacation with the change of seasons. It is a way of providing for the aged that integrates health services, tourism and leisure, and culture and entertainment. At present, many pension institutions are exploring the "migratory bird" pension model, and the national networking or even "transnational interaction" of nursing homes may become the future trend.
This kind of old people often have a certain economic foundation, and often take the form of leisure travel and vacation, providing for the elderly and not settling down for a long time. The elderly will choose an ideal city to live in for a period of time, usually in local hotels, apartments for the elderly, nursing homes or local farmhouses, and enjoy a relatively relaxed and cheap life in different places.
Many scenic spots have welcomed the elderly who come to vacation, entertainment and health care in droves, which also makes these areas known as "old tribes". These "old tribes" are divided into three life forms: one is migratory birds, which live for three to four months every summer, and this type exceeds 60%; Second, the settled type, except for Chinese New Year holidays or activities organized by the company, generally lives here for 8 months to 10 months a year, and this type exceeds 30%; The third type is convalescence, which is mainly to recuperate and recover here after the initial recovery from a serious illness. All these show that the way of providing for the aged is diversified, and this way of returning to the countryside is a useful exploration to enrich the spiritual life of the elderly.
Second, a positive pension model.
Most active pension modes are mainly in the form of leasing. The biggest feature of this community for the aged lies in caring for the spiritual world of the elderly, devoting itself to building their homes with certain common characteristics, and at the same time providing a platform to enhance communication between the elderly and society, encouraging the elderly to exert their residual heat and enhance their self-learning.
This group of old people all love life, have the same characteristics and are knowledgeable. For example, Dalian International Shuxiang Nursing Home is a knowledgeable community for the elderly, while Shanghai Nanhui Renting Community for the elderly allows the elderly who live in it to enjoy their old age with their relatives, friends, childhood friends and colleagues who have worked together. Others are mainly the parents of executives, returnees and private entrepreneurs.
At the same time, the active pension mentioned here also includes community care centers, livable communities for the elderly, service centers for the old and the young, step-by-step pension, and partnership pension. For example, some cities incorporate the establishment of elderly care centers into the construction of the old-age care system to provide thoughtful services for the elderly when their children are on business trips or the elderly are temporarily absent. All the services in the livable community for the elderly are specially designed for the elderly, covering medical care, life care, culture, fitness, entertainment and other aspects.
Gradual pension (time-saving pension) organizes the health of relatively "young" elderly people and becomes volunteers for the elderly. After several years, when volunteers themselves need services, they can apply, and the Association for Respect for the Elderly will send other volunteers to provide them with corresponding old-age services. This is called "service today, enjoy tomorrow".
After the death of the old man's wife, the children were busy with work, and they felt uneasy about leaving the old man alone at home, so they hoped to find the old man to eat and live together in the same community, so that they could take care of each other. This mode of providing for the aged is called cooperative providing for the aged.
A service center for the elderly refers to a kindergarten that lives next to an apartment for the elderly. The children's laughter brought spiritual comfort to the elderly, and the kindness of the elderly also made the children understand the traditional Chinese virtues of respecting the elderly.
Third, the mode of providing for the aged in different places.
The mode of providing for the aged in different places mostly refers to a way for the elderly to provide for the aged in different places for a long time by buying a house or living in an apartment for the elderly in different places in order to pursue a better environment and facilities for the aged. The length of residence in different places is the main criterion to distinguish the old-age care mode of migratory birds from that of different places. For example, Anji remote pension health base, a new model of remote pension+membership system. The implementation of the membership card system ensures the initial capital investment of Health Park, a "remote pension" base, and enables it to be equipped with high-quality software and hardware; Secondly, issuing membership cards can fix consumer groups; Third, the membership card promotes "providing for the aged in different places" and promotes the development of farmhouse dining and scenic tourism.
There is also a high-end industrial belt for the elderly in Wuzhong District, Suzhou, with quiet environment, fresh air and small flow of people, which is suitable for the elderly to live in. Guangdong's Guangdong-Hong Kong cooperative pension system accounts for about 70% of Hong Kong's population due to the large number of Cantonese nationals in Hong Kong. With the aging population and the difference in consumption between the two places, it has gradually become a better choice for Hong Kong people from Guangdong to live in Guangdong after retirement.
Fourth, the mode of providing for the aged with housing.
Compared with big cities, the rare low housing prices, good natural environment and high cost performance in big cities cater to the needs of the elderly. Many cities have begun to try the two modes of "providing for the elderly with housing". Apartments in the elderly community are all rented out to the elderly. Tenants can pay monthly rent or lease for life. Encourage the elderly to rent out the house in the city center, then live in the apartment for the elderly and enjoy their old age with their relatives, friends and colleagues of the same age.
In addition, there is also a mode of "providing for the elderly with housing", that is, "reverse mortgage". For example, a 60-year-old retired person who lacks other conditions for providing for the aged except his house can mortgage his house to a financial institution or other specialized institution and receive a certain monthly living allowance from the institution. After his death, the house will belong to the institution. This is the "reverse mortgage" of housing for the elderly, and this model also belongs to the financial model of "housing for the elderly".
Fifth, the farmer-style pension model.
Farmer-style pension mode refers to a way for the urban elderly to buy their own houses or rent them to the elderly in order to pursue better environmental quality and choose rural areas with better ecological quality, better air quality and quieter external environment.
In some towns and villages, many villagers have several vacant rooms at home, and some women aged 35 to 55 are laid off early. These people want to find jobs but can't go out. Accordingly, many elderly people in cities can't find suitable nannies. So there is a way to invite the elderly to the farmhouse to support the elderly.
In the process of "sending the elderly home", according to the different accommodation environment and the elderly's own situation, the cost of providing for the elderly is also different. In the survey, the old people hold different attitudes towards this mode of providing for the aged. Some old people want to live in a good environment, so they are very satisfied with the old-age care on the farm, thinking that the air here is fresh and the farm is full of fun. Some old people think that the living conditions in rural areas are different, they are not very satisfied with the accommodation of some farmers, and they are not very acceptable to the old-age expenses, which are too expensive. However, the rural pension model is an innovation, which broadens the choice space for the elderly. The management department will provide the elderly with monthly haircuts, quarterly physical examinations, and temporary housekeeping services when they return to the city. For some elderly people who can't get along with foster families, they will be given three families for free.
Sixth, the home-based pension model.
Home care for the aged will remain the main choice for the elderly. Innovate the home-based care model and speed up the construction of a "virtual care service center". By building an information service platform, we will integrate the service resources of nursing homes, hospitals, businesses, housekeeping, water and electricity within our jurisdiction, establish the model of service stations for the elderly in various streets (towns) and communities (villages), and establish a "virtual nursing home" to provide standardized and professional life, medical care and spiritual comfort for the elderly at home.
Home-based community for the aged is a development model with China characteristics. Integrating the concept and function of the elderly into the development and construction of modern residential quarters and creating the added value of the old-age care function in residential quarters is a brand-new old-age care model and a new residential development concept. It is not only a community with the function of providing for the aged, but also an all-age residential community from 0 to 100. At the same time, the family relationship is fully considered in product planning and design, apartment layout and apartment combination. A certain proportion of family units are arranged in the community, such as the combination of one bedroom, one living room and two bedrooms, one living room and two living rooms, and three bedrooms and two living rooms, which can not only satisfy the relatively independent life of the elderly, but also enjoy the family care of their children.
Legal basis:
Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on promoting the development of the aged care service industry [2019] No.5, to promote the high-quality development of the aged care service industry.
(eighteen) to improve the service ability of the combination of medical care and nursing. Promote the cooperation between existing medical and health institutions and pension institutions, give full play to their complementary advantages, simplify the establishment process of medical and nursing institutions, and implement "one window" handling. There are clinics, health centers (rooms), infirmary and nursing stations in the old-age care institutions, and administrative examination and approval are cancelled, and filing management is implemented. When carrying out regional health planning, it is necessary to leave space for the old-age care institutions to hold or set up medical institutions. The medical security department shall, according to the characteristics of the old-age care institutions and internal medical institutions, bring the qualified ones into the scope of medical insurance agreement management, improve the agreement management regulations, and strictly supervise them according to law. Medical institutions with legal personality can carry out old-age services by changing the registered items or business scope. We will promote the combination of rural and community medical care, promote grassroots medical and health institutions and medical personnel to establish contract service relationships with elderly families, and establish an incentive mechanism for village doctors to participate in health care services for the elderly. Conditional areas can support family doctors to make house calls and serve the elderly. Encourage medical staff to practice in the combination of medical care and nursing institutions and enjoy the same treatment in the evaluation of professional titles. (The Health and Wellness Commission, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the Central Organization Establishment Committee and the Medical Insurance Bureau are responsible for the division of responsibilities)
(nineteen) to promote the integration of home, community and institutional pension development. Support pension institutions to operate community pension facilities and provide services for the elderly at home. The nursing training of disabled elderly family members will be included in the catalogue of government-purchased old-age services, and old-age care institutions, social organizations, social work institutions and the Red Cross will be organized to carry out knowledge and skills training on old-age care and emergency rescue. Vigorously develop rural happy homes and other mutual care facilities that the government can afford, the village can afford and the farmers can use, and the service is sustainable. Explore the mode of "property service+aged care service" and support property service enterprises to carry out various forms of aged care services such as meals for the elderly and regular visits. Establish a "three-society linkage" mechanism, take the community as the platform, take social pension organizations as the carrier, rely on social workers, vigorously support voluntary pension services, and actively explore mutual pension services. Vigorously cultivate the elderly volunteers, speed up the establishment of a volunteer service record system, and actively explore such practices as "student community volunteer service credits" and "time bank" to protect the legitimate rights and interests of volunteers. (The Ministry of Civil Affairs, the Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, the Health and Wellness Commission, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Education, the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League, and the China Red Cross are responsible for the division of responsibilities)