1, "Birds Say":

(1) Original: When I was a teenager, in front of the library where I lived, there were mixed flowers, bamboos and cypresses, and all the nests were on it. Wu Yangjun is a murderer, and a boy servant, maid and servant are not allowed to catch birds. For several years, they have built their nests on low branches, from which they can see their wilting.

There are four or five hundred phoenix flowers, in which the feathers of this bird are rare and hard to see, but they can tame people and are not afraid of them. When they see them, they think they are different. There is nothing else, no sincerity, and trust in different kinds.

There is an old saying that if a bird is too far away from people, its children will worry about snakes, mice, foxes, owls and kites. If people don't kill them, they will approach them and hope to avoid this. From this point of view, people are more afraid of getting close to others than snakes and mice. "Tyranny is fiercer than a tiger", believe it!

(2) Introduction: This article tells that the author's family is very kind to the birds in the yard, and birds can live in harmony with people in a few years, indicating that only when people respect each other and keep their promises can they live in harmony.

2, "were":

(1) Original: The so-called hero must have an extraordinary festival. People can't be ninjas. People see humiliation, draw their swords and stand up and fight. This is not brave enough. There are brave people in the world, but they are not surprised when faced with them, and they are not angry when they add a word for no reason. This is a great hostage, and its ambition is far away.

It is strange that there is a book on the old man's desk in the master's room. But I also know that now is not the world of the Qin dynasty, and there are hermits who come out to try. Look at it, see its meaning, all saints, quit it;

And the world does not observe, thinking that ghosts have gone. And its meaning is not in the book. After the death of Han, the frontier of Qin flourished, and the knife saw the whole world. There are countless people who live in peace and innocent annihilation. Although there is anxiety and education, there is nothing to repeat. Husband's law enforcement is too hasty, the front cannot be made, and the situation cannot be taken advantage of. Ovary can't bear to be angry, but with the strength of a man, it's a blow; At this time, the ovaries will not die, and the cover will be in danger. Daughter's son won't die from a thief, which one? His body is lovely, but a thief is not enough to die.

The ovary is the talent of the world, not used by Yi Yin and Tai Gong, but by Jing Ke and Nie Zheng, in order to be immortal, which is also deeply cherished by the old man. Therefore, it is arrogant and shy, deeply folded. He can endure, and then he can do great things, so he said, "Ken's son."

Chu Zhuangwang cut Zheng, and Zheng Bo led the sheep against the sheep; King Zhuang said, "If you can be a servant, you can trust your people." Give it up. Gou Jian was trapped in Huiji, but my concubine was in Wu, and she worked tirelessly for three years.

The husband has the ambition to serve others, but he can't serve others. This is the strength of every man. The old man thought that the ovaries were more than enough, but he was worried about the lack of measurement, which deeply shattered his youthful spirit and made him endure a little anger and make a big plan. What is this? It is impossible to be surprised that you have a life, but you have to meet between grass and fields and be a servant and concubine. But don't blame those who are oily. This can't surprise many Qin emperors, and Ji Xiang can't be angry.

The reason why Guanfu Gaozu won and Ji Xiang lost is between tolerable and intolerable. Ji Xiang couldn't stand it, but he ignored it with a victorious battle; Gaozu endured it, raised its whole front and cured its disadvantages, and this ovary taught it.

Huaiyin was broken, and he wanted to be king. Gaozu was angry, as can be seen from the color between the lines. From this point of view, there is still a strong unbearable spirit, but who is the ovary? Tai Shigong thinks that the ovary is large and magnificent, but it looks like a woman, so it is not ambitious. Oh! This is why it is an ovary!

(2) Introduction: Taking Zhang Shoushu and Liu Bang, who are recorded in Historical Records, as an example, this paper demonstrates the importance of the strategy of "forbearing small anger and making great plans" and "nurturing the whole front and governing it". The style of writing is full of twists and turns, and the writing is eloquent and full of momentum.

3. The story of Ling Xutai:

(1) Original: The country is under the South Mountain, so it is appropriate to eat and live with the mountain. The mountains in all directions are not higher than the end of the south, and those beautiful people in the capital are not close to the wind. Even if you are close to the highest, you will get it, never knowing that there are mountains.

Although it is not that things are profitable or unprofitable, physics is not. What Ling Xu did was also built. ?

Before it was built, the satrap Chen Gong's staff and shoes were at large under it. He who sees the tree climbing the mountain is as tired as a man swimming outside the wall to see his steamed stuffed bun. Said, "There must be a difference." Make the front of the chisel into a square pool, and build a platform with its soil, ending at the eaves. Then, as for the above, people suddenly don't know the height of the platform and think that the mountain is rushing out.

Gong said, "The name should be vain." In order to sue him for screwing Su Shi, he asked to write a memory. Shi Fu replied to Gong Yue: "The waste of things can be destroyed, but you don't know it. Once upon a time, weeds were overgrown, frost covered the sky, and foxes were dormant. Do you know there is a virtual platform when you are a party member? Waste is waste, endless search, and then Taiwan Province becomes a wild grass Noda, unknown.

Try to share the same stage with Gong, with Qin Mugong and the Fountain in the east, Yang Yu, the leader of Hanwu in the south, and Sui Zhi Renshou and Tang Zhi Jiucheng in the north. This is a prosperous era. Hong Jie is magical, powerful and unshakable, so it is only 100 times more than Taiwan Province! However, after several generations, those who want to be like it, but have not been spared, have already turned into thorns, and the situation is at this station! Husband and Taiwan Province are not enough to rely on for a long time, but the situation is that people are losing their jobs and coming and going. And if you want to be self-sufficient by boasting about the world, that's too much. The world has enough support and doesn't care about the survival of Taiwan Province. "?

Let's make it public, but let's remember it. ?

(2) Introduction: Living at the foot of Nanshan, the natural diet and daily life are very close to the mountain. There is no mountain higher than Mount Zhongnan in all directions. And among the cities near the mountains, there is nothing closer than Fufeng City.

It is inevitable to see the highest mountain (the Mount Zhongnan) in the nearest place. However, the satrap's residence (at first) didn't know there were mountains (nearby). Although this has no effect on the quality of things, it should not be like this according to the common sense of things. That's why the Xu Ling platform was built.

Just before it was built, Chen Taishou walked around the foot of the mountain with crutches and cloth shoes, and saw that the mountain peak was higher than the forest. The appearance of peaks is like the shape of a bun when someone walks outside the wall. (Chen Taishou) said, "This will be different."

(So) send craftsmen to dig a square pool in front of the mountain and use the dug civil works to build a high platform. Don't stop until you get above the eaves. After that, all the people on stage suddenly didn't know the height of the stage, and thought it was the sudden ups and downs of the mountain. Chen Gong said that it is appropriate to call this (Taiwan Province) Xu Ling Taiwan Province. I told his subordinate Su Shi about it and asked me to write an article about it.

4. Crane Pavilion:

(1) Original: In the tenth year of Xining, Pengcheng was flooded. Zhang Jun Caotang, Water and Its Half-life in Yunlong Mountain. The next spring, the water fell and moved to the east of the former residence, at the foot of Dongshan Mountain. If you look up, you will get a different situation and build a pavilion on it.

Pengcheng Mountain and Linggang Mountain are four-in-one, which are hidden as a big ring. Without its west side, Shanren Pavilion is suitable. At the turn of spring and summer, there are trees and grass; Snow in autumn and winter, thousands of miles away; Between wind and rain, the pitch is changeable.

Mountain people have two cranes, which are very tame and good at flying, but when they look at what is missing in the western hills, they will put it down, or stand in the fields or fly to the clouds; At dusk, I will return to Dongshan. Therefore, it was named "Where Pavilion".

Su Shi, the county magistrate, went to see the villagers from the current official of Binzuo and drank and had fun in the pavilion. He told the villagers, "Do you know the happiness of seclusion? Although he is the king of the south, it is not easy to change.

"Yi" says: "The crane is in the shade, and its son is in harmony." "Poetry" says: "The crane smells at nine heights, and its sound is heard in the sky." Covering it as a thing, Qingyuan is idle and detached from the dust, so Yi, a scholar, is better than a sage and a gentleman. He who hides his virtue should play with it, if it is beneficial and harmless; However, a good crane in Wei Yigong will destroy its country.

Duke Zhou wrote "Wine" and Duke Wu of Wei wrote "Restraint", arguing that there was no confusion and defeat. Disciples of Liu Ling and Ruan Ji are famous for their truth. Hey, honey! Nanwang, Qingyuan is as idle as a crane, but it is still not good, and good will destroy its country; And the hermit in the deep mountain forest, although confused and defeated like wine, can't do harm, but what's the harm? From this perspective, it cannot be mentioned in the same breath. "The mountain man smiled and said," yes! "It's a song about letting cranes fly, saying: cranes fly to the western hills, overlooking the sky, and choosing a place to go.

I turned my wings, gathered my troops, suddenly saw what I saw and struck again. Alone in the valley, pecking at moss, walking on the white stone.

The return of the crane is the shadow of Dongshan. There are people below, crown grass, kudzu clothes and drums. Eat hard and the rest is all yours. Come back, come back, Xishan won't stay long.

(2): Introduction: This story has an obvious idea of being born. The article points out that the monarch can defeat the country because of the two hobbies of good cranes and binge drinking, while the hermit can enjoy all the truth because of these two hobbies.

What the author wants to explain is that seclusion is not as good as the South King. This reflects the author's negative emotions after the failure of political struggle. * * * Four paragraphs of the text.

At the beginning of the article, the author adopts the method of direct narration. Concise writing explains the reasons why the villagers moved to build pavilions, and describes clearly who, when, where and what happened.

"If you look up, you will get a different situation." What is the artistic conception? Let's leave a "suspense" first, then start writing calmly, and then describe its "difference" "Four ridges are like big rings." "Four in one" and "big ring" seem neither real nor virtual; "Hidden" means that his knees are long. It also reveals the emblem meaning of "combination" and "ring" which are not absolute.

5, "Wen He Ke Hua":

(1) Original: Bamboo is an inch long at first, but the leaves are awkward. From snakes to swords, there are ten Taoists born. Now painters are doing it one by one, and the leaves are tired. Why is there bamboo? Therefore, painting bamboo must be done on the chest first, and the pen must be familiar. That is, people who see what they want to draw should take the time to follow the painting, so as to catch up with what they see, such as a rabbit falling down and dying without standing up. And can be taught to do so.

You can't give it, but you know why. The husband knows why, but he can't. There are differences between the inside and the outside, the heart and hands do not correspond, and I don't learn too much. Therefore, unfamiliar people can feel at ease and see clearly from themselves, but in the face of things, how to lose it is loneliness? Yu Zi is the last work of "Zhu Mo Fu": "I am good at cooking, and I also take it from those who solve cows and those who keep fit; The wheel is flat, so is the wheel, and the reader is with it. Today, the Lord entrusts silk and bamboo to give them the right way, which is not evil. " Zi is unique in painting, so its meaning is also. If you give it, you won't get its meaning and method alone.

People who can draw bamboo are not expensive at first, and people from all over the world are stepping on their doors. And disgusting, throw it on the ground and scold: "I will miss socks." "Scholar-bureaucrat, ideological ammunition. And you can return from Yangzhou, and the rest is Xuzhou. Yuke wrote a note saying, "Scholars in the near language, Mohist and Zhuzong, are all near Pengcheng, so you can ask.

Socks should be pulled from children. At the end of the book, I copied a poem and said briefly, "I plan to sweep a section of goose stream silk and take the cold tip as long as 10 thousand feet." "And Ke:" Bamboo is 10,000 feet long. When you use 250 pieces of silk, you will know that you are tired after writing, and you are willing to get this silk. "If you can't answer, you will say," My words are false. Is there thousands of feet bamboo in the world? "I am so real, I answered his poem:" There are Chihiro bamboos in the world, and the moon sets and the shadow is long. Ironically, he said, "If Perilla argues, he will argue. However, with 250 silks, I will buy a field and enjoy my old age. "Because of painting bamboo, I stayed and said," This bamboo is several feet long, but it is ten thousand feet long.

"Wandering Valley is in a foreign country, and you can taste thirty poems in a foreign country." Wandering Valley "is one of them. Yu Yue said, "Bamboo planting in Hanchuan is as cheap as Peng's, but the axe does not spare dragons. The material is poor and greedy, and Weibin has a thousand acres in his chest. "And but I traveled to the valley with my wife, burned bamboo shoots and ate late, sent letters and got poems, and my heart was full of cases.

I was not in Chen Zhou on the 20th day of the first month in the second year of Yuanfeng. On July 7, I came into contact with calligraphy and painting in Huzhou. When I saw this bamboo, I cried and lost my voice. Yesterday, there were words like "passing vehicles" and "abdominal pain" in Cao Mengde's official documents offering sacrifices to the bridge. Moreover, giving also contains words that can be laughed at in the past, so that seeing and giving are very close and so on.

(2) Introduction: The full text is divided into three paragraphs. At the beginning of the first paragraph, we don't directly write the feelings of mourning or the exchange between the two, but start from the theory of painting bamboo with literariness and possibility, which is abrupt and unique and gives people a sense of freshness from the beginning.

The article said that Wen and Ke can think that painting bamboo "must be in the chest first". Before painting bamboo, we must grasp the overall image and spiritual essence of the object, achieve harmony and maturity with the heart, and then straighten the book in one go, so as to vividly reproduce it. On the contrary, it is impossible to draw a living bamboo if we ask for its subtle details temporarily and draw it section by section mechanically, leaf by leaf.

In fact, this is advocating writing first and opposing the application of temporary painting; Advocate "spirit likeness" on the whole and oppose "similarity" in details. This view expressed and developed by the author in a favorable tone is very incisive, which not only has guiding significance to the whole field of literature and art, but also "having a plan in mind" has become a criterion for people to do things and an idiom that lives in the pen.

The above writing is vivid and smooth. For example, the metaphor of "a rabbit rises and falls" vividly illustrates the speed of writing. The following author continues to talk about his own views on this article and what he can teach him. Although he knows it, he can't practice it easily. The reason lies in "don't learn too much" and put this bamboo painting method at the height of philosophy. "Is it a person?" This illustrates this point.

Extended data:

I. Major Works of Su Shi (Su Dongpo):

1. Ancient prose: Xun Qing Lun, Fan Zeng Lun, Hou Lun, Jia Xu Lun, Chao Cuo Lun, Dongpo Zhi Lin, Essays Collection, Theory of Criminal Loyalty, Shi Zhongshan Collection, Night Tour in Chengtian Temple, Chong

2. Poems: Fu on the Red Cliff, Fu on the Back of Chibi, Pear Blossom in Donglan, Shouzhou Day at the First Sight in Yingkou, Spring Night, Begonia, Mianchi Nostalgia, Flower Shadow, Night Scene on the Spring River in Hui Chong, A Visit to a Lonely Mountain in December and Two Monks Huisi, and Six.

3. Lyrics: Last year's spring outing, Jiang and Zhang Xian fell on the lake together, Youmeitang presented an ancient story, Nanxiangzi sent an ancient story, and I met Lelong forever, and the magnolia fragrance and the empty bed were broken. Liangzhu Mizhou went to the Yuan Dynasty, and Jiang lived and died for ten years. Wear red makeup to see the monarch, Huanxisha, Maya, Ye Guang, Huanxisha, rustling clothes, falling jujube flowers, Huanxisha, soft grass, flat sand, new rain, eternal joy, bright moon as frost, Nangezi, early suspicion of rain, Huanxisha covered with green wheat, Huanxisha drunk dreaming of Niannujiao red cliff nostalgia, Nanxiangzi first frost water harvest, Linjiang Jade case, three years of pillow on Wuzhong Road, He Xinlang flying like smoke, Huanxisha, the east wind and snow outside the door, the fragrant son crossing Qilitan, little red lips, don't mourn the autumn, Man Jianghong sent Shou Chang, Ezhou Zhu Shizhen, Niannujiao Mid-Autumn Festival.

4. Calligraphy works: Huangzhou Cold Food Poem, Li Baixian's Poem, Er Yun Qin Taixu's Poem, Crossing the Sea, Several Volumes of Memorial to the Yellow River, Plum Blossom Poem, New Year's Eve Celebration, Bao Yue's Poem, Zi Ling's Poem, Wu Dong's Poem, Poem Traveling to the North, Ambassador to the South of Guizhou, Second Debate.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-Su Shi