Garden refers to the natural environment and leisure environment specially cultivated. In a certain area, the beautiful natural environment and recreational environment created by using engineering technology and artistic means, by transforming the terrain (or further building mountains, stacking rocks and controlling water), planting trees and flowers, building buildings and arranging garden roads, are called gardens. It is unique among the traditional buildings in China, and the classical garden architecture has made great achievements.

An art form in China's traditional culture is deeply influenced by the traditional "rites and music" culture. Through the terrain, landscape, architecture, flowers and trees as the carrier, the spiritual culture of human subject is set off.

China gardens have a long history, which is the treasure of ancient architectural art in China, and the gardening art has a long history.

As early as 1046 BC, after the Yin Dynasty was destroyed, the Duke of Zhou built Luoyi, and at the foot of Mangshan Mountain, on the bank of Luoshui River, Zhou Wangcheng, the first landscape capital of China, was built by observing the mountains and water.

The formation of gardens is mainly influenced by the thoughts of the ruling class and the art of Buddhism, Taoism, painting and poetry. For example, in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the ruling class fought fiercely, the country was divided, and Taoism and Buddhism prevailed, resulting in metaphysics. At this time, the scholar-officials either wanted to enjoy themselves, or lead an honest and clean life, or wandered between mountains and rivers, forming a natural aesthetic, and the characteristics of garden management were mostly natural and interesting pastoral mountains and rivers.

During the Northern Wei Dynasty, there were 1367 Buddhist temples in Luoyang, which was the earliest garden city in China and even in the world.

During the Sui, Tang and Northern Song Dynasties, Luoyang was the capital of the East, the capital of the gods and the capital of Xijing, with numerous officials, and the water from the Yi River and the Luohe River was introduced into Li Fang, with more than 100 famous gardens in every family, which can be described as "the first garden in Luoyang".

The structure of classical gardens in China is dominated by natural landscapes, with artificial buildings such as palaces, corridors, buildings and pavilions, imitating nature by artificial means, which is permeated with humanistic thoughts in different historical periods, especially the ideological realm of poetry, ci and painting.

Classical gardens, scenic parks, comprehensive parks, memorial parks, botanical gardens, zoos, children's parks, urban and residential parks, etc.

The classification of classical gardens in China can be classified in different ways from different angles. There are usually three categories:

[According to the site selection and development mode of the park base]

1, artificial landscape garden

This kind of garden is built in a flat place, especially in a town. It is also called "urban mountain forest" to create a small environment simulating nature and wildness in the urban architectural environment, just like an oasis.

2. Natural landscape gardens

The key to building a natural landscape garden is to choose a base. If the site is selected properly, the natural scenery will be much more interesting than the low-cost artificial landscape garden.

[According to the owner's identity and affiliation]

Royal Garden 1

The Royal Garden is a garden for emperors to rest and enjoy. They are the private property of the emperor and royal family. In ancient books, it is called garden, garden, palace, imperial garden, imperial garden and so on.

The ancients said that there is no king in the world. In the view of the ruling class, the mountains and rivers of the country belong to the royal family. Therefore, it is characterized by large-scale and more realistic landscapes; The buildings in the garden are magnificent in color and large in size. The famous royal gardens in history include Luoyang Xiyuan and Kyushu Pool, and the existing famous royal gardens include the Summer Palace in Beijing, Beihai Park in Beijing and chengde mountain resort in Hebei. Jiuzhou Pool has been rebuilt as a new landmark of "network celebrity" in Luoyang.

2. Private garden

It is a leisure garden for the royal family, nobles and wealthy businessmen. It is characterized by its small scale, so rockeries and fake water are often used, and the buildings are small and exquisite, showing its elegant and quaint colors. Existing private gardens, such as Gongwangfu in Beijing, Humble Administrator's Garden, Lingering Garden in Suzhou, Canglang Pavilion, Netlion Garden and Yuyuan Garden in Shanghai. It belongs to the private property of nobles, bureaucrats and gentry. In ancient books, it is called garden, garden pavilion, garden villa, billiard hall, mountain pond, mountain villa, other businesses, thatched cottage and so on.