I. Geographical location

Poyang Lake is located at 28 22' to 29 45' north latitude and115 47' to116 45' east longitude. Located in the north of Jiangxi Province, on the south bank of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Poyang Lake is bounded by Songmen Mountain and divided into north and south parts. The north is the estuary, which is 40 kilometers long, 3 to 5 kilometers wide, and the narrowest part is about 2.8 kilometers. The main lake is in the south, with a length of 133 km and a widest point of 74 km.

Second, the largest freshwater lake in China.

Poyang Lake is 173 km long from north to south, 74 km wide from east to west, with an average width of 16.9 km and a coastline length of 1200 km, with a lake area of 3,283 square kilometers (the water level at the mouth of the lake is 2 1.7 1 m) and an average water depth of 8.4. After storage, it flows into the Yangtze River, the largest river in China, from Hukou, and the annual amount of water flowing into the Yangtze River exceeds the sum of the water of the Yellow River, Huaihe River and Haihe River. This is a seasonality and throughput lake. The water system area of Poyang Lake is162,200 km2, accounting for 97% of the basin area of Jiangxi Province and 9% of the basin area of the Yangtze River. Its annual runoff is152.5 billion cubic meters, accounting for 16.3% of the annual runoff in the Yangtze River Basin.

The third is the natural landscape of "one drought and one flood"

The average water level of Poyang Lake for many years 12.86m, the highest water level1July 3, 998/day 65438+22.59m, and the lowest water level1February 6, 963 65438+5.90m (Hukou Hydrological Station, Wusong Base). During the year, the variation range of water level was 9.79-15.36m, and the variation range of absolute water level was16.69m.. With the change of water quantity, the water level of Poyang Lake fluctuates greatly, which has the function of natural flood storage. Due to the fluctuation of water level, the lake area changes greatly. During the flood season, the water level rises, the lake surface increases sharply and the water surface is vast; In the dry season, the water level drops, the beach is exposed, and the water flows back to the trough, leaving only a few winding waterways on the lake. It has a natural landscape of "a dry line, a flood".

Fourth, historical evolution.

In ancient times, Poyang Lake was called Peng Lize and guanting lake. After a long historical period, Peng expanded southward under the concerted action of geology, meteorology and hydrology, and the lake crossed Songmen Mountain to reach Poyang County, hence the name Poyang Lake. Before the lake invaded south, the south of Songmen Mountain used to be a densely populated Xiaoyang Plain. With the continuous invasion of the lake, Xiaoyang County and Haiyinghou County in Poyang Lake Basin have been submerged in the water. There is a saying in history that "Shen Xiaoyang began in Duchang, and Shen Hai fainted in Wucheng". Poyang Lake is vast in smoke and water. After a long evolution, the prototype of modern Poyang Lake was formed about 1600 years ago, just like a huge treasure gourd tied to the belt of the Yangtze River.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) wetland of international importance

Poyang Lake is an important wetland in the world and an important storage lake in the main stream of the Yangtze River. It has played a great role in storing floods and protecting biodiversity in the Yangtze River Basin of China. It is one of the top ten ecological function protected areas in China and one of the important ecological areas in the world designated by the World Wide Fund for Nature, and plays an important role in maintaining regional and national ecological security.

6. "World of White Crane" and "Kingdom of Rare Birds"

Due to the influence of the warm and humid southeast monsoon, the average annual rainfall of Poyang Lake is 65438 0.636 mm, forming a humid monsoon climate of "Zeguo Caofang Biyi, Plum yellow in misty rain" and becoming a famous land of fish and rice. The environment and climate here are suitable for migratory birds to overwinter. Therefore, in late autumn and early winter (10), thousands of migratory birds came from Siberia, Mongolia, Japan, Korea, Northeast China and Northwest China, and gradually left in the following spring (April). Today, there are more than 300 species of birds in the nature reserve, with nearly one million birds, including more than 50 rare birds. It is the largest bird sanctuary in the world. What is particularly gratifying is that the largest crane group in the contemporary world has been found here. In 2002, the total wintering population reached more than 4,000, accounting for more than 95% of the total number of cranes in the world. Therefore, Poyang Lake is called "the world of white cranes" and "the kingdom of rare birds".

Seven. humanity history

Poyang Lake Basin has been a rich area with relatively developed economy in China since ancient times. Many outstanding figures in the history of China, such as Xu Zhimo, Tao Yuanming, Lin,,, etc., have lived in the Lake District. There have been many heroic deeds here, such as Zhou Yu's naval training, Zhu Yuanzhang's Poyang Lake water battle in Chen Youliang, and the "second revolution" in Hukou, Li Liejun. Poyang Lake is the only waterway from the north to Jiangxi in ancient times, and there are countless anecdotes and folklore of literati on Poyang Lake. Wang Bo, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a famous sentence in Preface to Wang Teng-ting: "The fishing boat sings late and resounds on Li Peng's shore", which describes the happy scene of fishermen returning from fishing on Poyang Lake. Su Shi, a poet in the Song Dynasty, wrote in his poem "Li Sixun Painted the Yangtze River Island" that "the mountains are grey and the water is boundless, and the elder sister-in-law is in the river", describing the scenic spot of Poyang Lake.

There are many famous mountains and beautiful islands on Poyang Lake. Shi Zhongshan and Dagushan in Hukou County, Nanshan and Laoye Temple in duchang county, and Luoxingdun in Xing Zi County are picturesque and pleasant. Jiujiang Tourism Bureau connects all the scenic spots on Poyang Lake into a line through cruise ships, that is, Poyang Lake water tourism line.

Dongting Lake

As one of the five largest freshwater lakes in China, it is an important throughput lake in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Construct a lake. The Lake District is located on the south bank of Jingjiang River, spanning Hunan and Hubei provinces, with the latitude of 28 □ 30 ′ to 30 □ 20 ′ north and the longitude of110 □ 40 ′ ~113 □/kloc-0 ′ east. Lake area 1.878 km2, natural lake area 2740 km2 and inner lake area 1.200 km2.

The geological and geomorphological Dongting Lake was formed by the Yanshan movement fault depression. Since Quaternary, it has been in oscillating negative motion, forming a dish basin with high periphery and low middle. On the edge of the basin, there are island-like mountain protrusions about 500 meters, such as Taohua Mountain, Taiyang Mountain and Tai Fu Shan. The hills around the lake are below 250 meters above sea level, the lakeside hills 120 meters below are erosion terraces, and the basements and accumulation terraces below 60 meters. The central accumulation plain is composed of lake deposits, alluvial rivers and lakes, estuary deltas and outer lakes, mostly 25-45 meters, showing the landform of water network plain. It is divided into west, south and east Dongting Lake. The ground at the bottom of the lake slopes slightly from northwest to southeast. Annual average temperature 16.4 ~ 17℃,1October 65438+3.8 ~ 4.5℃, absolute minimum temperature-18. 1℃ (Linxiang1. The frost-free period is 258 ~ 275 days. The annual precipitation is1100 ~1400 mm, decreasing from the peripheral hills to the inner plain. The rainfall from April to June accounts for more than 50% of the total annual rainfall, mostly heavy rain and heavy rain; If all the flood peaks come together, it is easy to cause floods and waterlogging. Dongting Lake has four ports, Songzi, Taiping, ouchi and Diaoxian (closed in 1958), which discharge the Yangtze River. East, south and west, Hunan, Guizhou, Yuan and Li water are directly injected into the lake, forming an asymmetric centripetal water system with abundant water, large annual runoff variation, uneven annual runoff distribution, long flood season and frequent floods. The average annual runoff of Chenglingji is 3 126 billion cubic meters, the maximum annual runoff is (65.438+0945) 526.8 billion cubic meters, and the minimum annual runoff is (65.438+0978) 65.438+0990 billion cubic meters. During the flood season (May ~ 65438+1October), the runoff accounts for 75% of the annual average runoff; Among them, there are four mouths 1 164 billion cubic meters, accounting for 48.5% of the total runoff in flood season. The water level of Dongting Lake began to rise in April, reaching the highest in July and August, and the dry season was 165438+ 10 to March of the following year. The maximum water level change in Yueyang for many years reaches 17.76 meters. Known as "a big flood, a few lines of dry water", "frost falls and holes dry" During the period of 1954, an extraordinary flood occurred in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Dongting Lake can reduce the flood peak, which shows the storage function of the lake. However, among many lakes where water flows together, only Chenglingji flows out, and the flood stopped for a long time, depositing a lot of sediment. The average sediment entering the lake for many years is 65,438+335 million cubic meters, of which 65,438+1.800 million cubic meters comes from the Yangtze River, accounting for 82.0%, and 24 1 10,000 cubic meters comes from Surabaya, accounting for 65,438. The average annual siltation is ten times larger than Poyang Lake. Since the 1970s, the siltation in the three estuaries has remained high, and the amount of water entering the lake has decreased. However, the natural land Xiangtu of Yuan and Li flood diversion channels has grown tremendously, with the siltation of Qili Lake reaching 2-4 meters each and that of South Dongting Lake reaching 2 meters north. The Zhuzi estuary of East Dongting Lake extends eastward, floating to Junshan. Therefore, the flood storage capacity of the west Dongting Lake basically disappeared, the south Dongting Lake moved to the south, and the east Dongting Lake eroded to the east, and the storage function tended to decline.

During the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, due to the continuous extension of river delta into the lake, the lake was divided and narrowed, and beaches and lakes appeared on the edge of the lake area. In the 4th-19th century, Dongting Lake continued to fade slowly, and the Dongting Lake water system was affected by the southward movement of the Yangtze River. Dongting Lake has been expanding eastward, reaching its peak in the light-year period of sweeping the road (1825), with a circumference of more than 400 kilometers and flooding the lake surface of more than 6,000 square kilometers. In the past hundred years, the Yangtze River has burst southward several times, forming a situation of four streams standing in the balance. The river carries a lot of sediment into the lake, and the lake quickly silts up and shrinks. The existing water area is less than half of its heyday, and it has retreated to the second largest freshwater lake in China. Since 1980s, the west Dongting Lake and the south Dongting Lake (north) have evolved towards the direction of swamp.

Economic overview Dongting Lake area has become an important commodity grain base and one of the key freshwater fishing areas in China after the third phase of 1954, 1964 and the farmland capital construction centered on water control in the 1970s. The lake is dominated by settled fish, including river and lake saltwater migratory fish and semi-migratory fish 14 species, belonging to 12 order, 23 families and 70 genera, with CYPRINIDAE as the main species, accounting for 55.3%. The main economic fish are grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp, bighead carp, bream bream, bighead carp and so on. Reed spreads all over Huzhou, covering an area of 60,000 hectares, 90% of which is used for papermaking. There are 47 navigable rivers/kloc-0, with a navigable mileage of 3,276 kilometers. There are 75 navigable rivers in normal years, of which the main waterway 16 is 996 kilometers. In addition, Chenglingji was changed to a foreign trade port on 1980, with a designed throughput of 2 million tons.

Taihu Lake

Taihu Lake, known as Zhenze in ancient times, also known as Lize, is a relic of an ancient coastal lake, located at the junction of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces and in the south of the Yangtze River Delta. About 6.5438 million years ago, Taihu Lake was still a big bay, but it was gradually isolated from the sea in the process of seawater desalination and became an inland lake. Taihu Lake, with an area of 2,425 square kilometers and a coastline of 400 kilometers, is the third largest freshwater lake in China.

Taihu Lake is a large shallow water lake in plain water network area. The lake area boasts 48 islands and 72 peaks, with lakes and mountains, which set each other off. It has uncut natural beauty and is called "Taihu Lake is the best in the world". Wuxi landscape, Suzhou gardens, Dongting Dongshan Xishan, Wuxian and Yixing Dongting World are all famous tourist attractions in Taihu Lake area.

Taihu Lake is located in the center of Jiangnan water network, with large storage capacity and relatively stable water level, which is beneficial to irrigation and shipping. Taihu Lake Basin has a total area of 36500km2 and a population of 34 million, accounting for about 1/8 of the gross national product, accounting for less than 0.4% of the national land area. The level of urbanization ranks first in the country, the township industry is developed, the grain output accounts for 3% of the country, and the output value of freshwater fish industry also accounts for a high proportion. Taihu Plain has a mild and humid climate, dense water networks and fertile soil. It is an important commodity grain base and one of the three sericulture bases in China, and is known as the land of plenty.

Taihu Lake is the largest lake in the eastern coastal area of China and the third largest freshwater lake in China. Taihu Lake is famous at home and abroad for its beautiful lakes and mountains and splendid human landscape. It is a famous scenic spot in China, attracting a large number of Chinese and foreign tourists every year.

Taihu Lake is located in the center of the rich triangle of Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou. It is a lake deposited by the ancient bays in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Qiantang River. Around it, there are stars holding the moon, such as Dianling Lake Group, Yangcheng Lake Group and Tao Ge Lake Group. The criss-crossing rivers, streams and lakes connect Taihu Lake with the surrounding lakes, forming a unique water town in the south of the Yangtze River.

Taihu Lake is known as "36,000 hectares, surrounded by 800 Li", but the actual area has changed greatly since its formation due to siltation, artificial reclamation and other factors. Today, Taihu Lake is connected to Wuxi in the north, Huzhou in the south, Yixing in the west and Suzhou in the east, with a water area of about 2,250 square kilometers.

Although the area of Taihu Lake basin is smaller than Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake, it has a mild climate and rich specialties, and has been a famous land of plenty since ancient times. Taihu Lake is rich in aquatic products, rich in fish and shrimp, known as "Taihu Lake is 800 miles long, and fish and shrimp are inexhaustible".

taihu county

Taihu County is located in the southwest of Anhui Province, at the southern foot of Dabie Mountain and on the north bank of the Yangtze River. Tianzhu Mountain in the east and Lushan Mountain in the south rank above the tourist hotline in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Hejiu Railway, 105 National Road and Shanghai-Chengdu-expressway pass through the territory, and the traffic is very convenient. It takes only 2 hours by car to Hefei, Wuhan, Nanchang and other large and medium-sized cities. The county governs 15 townships with a population of 560,000 and a total area of 203 1 square kilometer.

Taihu Lake has a long history and outstanding people. Throughout the ages, the folk customs are simple and the style of writing is becoming more and more obvious, and it is known as "a four-scholar, a top scholar in ten miles". This is the hometown of Zhao Puchu, the late Vice President Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, a famous social activist and an outstanding patriotic religious leader. Zhu Xiang, a famous poet, Liu, a female social activist, Ye Chunshan, founder of Peking Opera Leaf School, Malan, a performer of Huangmei Opera, Heather, a writer, and Ma Dapu, a forestry expert, are all from Taihu Lake. They have made great achievements and won a wide reputation, adding luster to their hometown. Today, the champion's hometown is full of education and students from all over the world.

Taihu Lake has beautiful mountains and rivers and pleasant scenery. The four scenic spots of "Night Rain in Longshan, West Wind on the Road, Fahua Bamboo and Mysterious Gu Song" have been well-known since ancient times. Cultural relics such as Haihui Temple built in the Han Dynasty, Shangge City built in the Three Kingdoms period, Fotu Temple built in the Jin Dynasty, Xifeng Temple built in the Tang Dynasty, and Zhao Tomb, the champion of the Qing Dynasty, are well preserved. National Buddhist venues and the birthplace of Zen Buddhism in China are under construction. At that time, Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping hosted the Hushi New Temple, the former site of the Gao Qian Conference, in Liu Fan, which was of great significance. Tangwan Hot Springs in Zhao He, the water temperature is 47℃ all the year round, the sunrise water volume is 1500 tons, and the water quality is clear, which can be drunk, bathed and treated. Huating Lake, located in the hinterland of the county center, is a national key scenic spot, with a total area of 250 square kilometers and a water surface of 654.38+ 10,000 mu. The lake is dotted with islands, surrounded by mountains and clustered with fruit trees. It is a resort for tourism, recuperation and leisure.

Taihu Lake is rich in resources and has many specialties. It is the base county of commodity grain, commodity cattle and lean pig in China and the key production county of tea, chestnut and citrus in Anhui Province. Tianhua Gujian Tea is an excellent product, which has been awarded the national green food label. Dongfang Zhu vermicelli and Tianhuajian sealed wine are provincial famous brand products, and special products such as motor, daily-use fine porcelain, tipping paper, woolen sweater, canned chestnut, Duli dry tea and lycopene are well-known throughout the country and exported overseas. There are more than 20 kinds of mineral resources such as quartz stone, purple sand rock, porcelain clay and iron sand in the territory.

Since the reform and opening up, the county's economy and various social undertakings have made unprecedented achievements. The comprehensive strength of the county has been significantly enhanced, the infrastructure has been improved day by day, the people's lives have been significantly improved, and the urban and rural areas have taken on a new look.

There is heaven above and Suzhou and Hangzhou below. The original Wuxian city, which is now Wuzhong District of Suzhou, is undoubtedly a paradise in heaven.

"Taihu Lake has beautiful scenery and the essence is in Wuxian County". Taihu Lake covers an area of 2,400 square kilometers, with Wuxian accounting for 3/4, 72 peaks in the lake and 58 peaks in Wuxian City. Among the 13 Taihu Lake scenic spots planned by the State Council, six scenic spots, Dongshan, Xishan, Guangfu, Jiaotoe, Mudu and Shihu, are located in Wuxian City, and there are Shigong Mountain, Linwudong, Qiyuan and Tianchi Mountain in the scenic spots.

There are many cultural relics and historic sites in Wuxian County, and there are 89 cultural protection units at or above the county level, including 24 at the provincial level and 1 at the national level. There are three paleolithic sites in Sanshan, four ancient cypress original sites of Qing, Qi, Gu and Qi, exquisite sculptures of Tang Dynasty in Baosheng Temple and colorful arhats in Zijinnan Temple. It has a long history and a rich collection of humanities.

Wuxian is a shopping paradise for tourists. There are not only local products such as loquat, waxberry, orange, plum, whitebait, white shrimp, plum crucian carp, water shield, hairy crab and Biluochun, but also Wu-culture handicrafts such as Suzhou embroidery, leather silk, sculpture and inkstone. The products are rich and the technology is unique.

Wuxian city, surrounded by the ancient city of Suzhou, has obvious geographical advantages. In recent years, Wuxian has built a large number of entertainment and basic supporting service facilities, including Taihu National Tourism Resort, Taihu Bridge, Dongshan, hotels, Guangfu Airport, etc., and developed plum blossom festival, autumn tour of osmanthus, four seasons fresh fruit tour, ancient water town tour, etc.

Taihu Lake has beautiful scenery, and Wuzhong people are intelligent and beautiful. It is the best choice for your travel, sightseeing, leisure and vacation.

Hongze Lake

Hongze Lake is located in the west of Hongze County, Jiangsu Province, and developed on the alluvial plain in the middle reaches of Huaihe River. It used to be a depression with poor drainage, but later the accumulated water became many small lakes. During the Qin and Han Dynasties in China, they were called "Fuling" lakes. Among them, Hongze Lake is the largest, covering an area of 2,069 square kilometers, and it is the fourth largest freshwater lake among the five largest freshwater lakes in China.

Hongze Lake was called Broken Kettle Pond in ancient times. In 6 16 AD, Emperor Yang Di went down to the south of the Yangtze River, where it was in a dry period and it was very difficult to sail. When the dragon boat passed the broken kettle pond, it suddenly rained heavily and the boat went smoothly. Emperor Yang-ti was overjoyed, thinking that Hongfu was in heaven and had great kindness, so he renamed the broken kettle pool Hongzepu. Hongze Lake was named in the Tang Dynasty.

Hongze Lake is a "suspended lake", the bottom of which is 4-8 meters higher than the eastern part of the northern Jiangsu Plain. The main water source of Hongze Lake is Huaihe River, which is one of the most serious rivers in China since ancient times. The flood of Huaihe River will inevitably affect Hongze Lake area. Therefore, the history of Hongze Lake is also a history of human struggle with floods, leaving many beautiful legends. The Millennium levee of Hongze Lake was built in the past dynasties to control water, and it is as famous as Dujiangyan, with a total length of 67 kilometers. It is almost entirely composed of basalt strips, and it is said that there are 108 bends. Seen from a distance, it looks like a Great Wall across the lake. Guti is currently applying for world cultural heritage.

The overall shape of Hongze Lake is like a swan holding its head high and spreading its wings. Because Hongze Lake is developed in the depression of alluvial plain, the lake bottom is shallow and flat, and the bank slope is low and gentle. The bottom of the lake is 4-8 meters higher than the eastern part of the northern Jiangsu plain, which is a "suspended lake". Before harnessing the Huaihe River, Hongze Lake covered the Wang Yang, with neither a fixed shore nor a certain shape. With reference to harnessing the Huaihe River, Hongze Lake was also harnessed. At present, the east dike of the lake area is 50 meters wide and 67 kilometers long, almost all of which are composed of basalt strips. Seen from a distance, it looks like a Great Wall across the lake. This long levee not only protects thousands of fertile fields and thousands of villages and towns in the downstream area, but also provides convenience for shipping, power generation and irrigation by retaining abundant water sources.

Hongze Lake is a shallow lake with a water depth of less than 4 meters and a maximum water depth of 5.5 meters. The source of lake water, besides atmospheric precipitation, mainly depends on river water. Rivers flowing into Hongze Lake are concentrated in the west of the lake, including Huaihe River, Hesui River, Bianhe River and Anhe River. Sanhe and Subei irrigation canals are the main rivers that Hongze Lake discharges into the Yangtze River and enters the sea.

Hongze Lake is rich in aquatic resources, and there are nearly 100 kinds of fish in the lake, mainly carp, crucian carp, bighead carp, green grass, silver carp and so on. The crabs in Hongze Lake are also famous. In addition, the aquatic plants in Hongze Lake are very famous. Reed is almost all over the lake, and it is difficult for even ships to sail in lush places. Lotus root, Euryale ferox and water chestnut are very famous in history, and there was a saying that "water chestnut with the head of a chicken is half a year's grain".

Chaohu lake

Chaohu Lake is located in the center of Anhui Province, with a length of 54.5 km from east to west and a width of 2 1 km from north to south, with a water area of about 750 square kilometers. It is one of the five largest freshwater lakes in China. The coast is surrounded by Hefei City, Chaohu City and Lujiang County.

Jianghuai, thousands of miles away, Chaohu is the most beautiful. The beauty of Chaohu Lake lies not only in its vastness, but also in its rich products, profound context and scenic spots all over the two sides. There is a wonderful couplet in Laoshan Temple in the lake. The first couplet reads: "eight hundred miles are uneven, and I want to see the beautiful spring, and the smoke disappears." The cave in Cenlou is open and sparse, and it is far from beautiful. " The second couplet reads: "A thousand waves are surging, not attracting a quiet autumn color, and the wind is quiet at night."

Out of the urban area of Chaohu Lake, I looked up and saw Chaohu Lake, which swallowed Wu Chu and Qian Fan and moved the Galaxy for five nights. Boarding a yacht from a tributary of the lake, the canoe quickly sailed south. I saw the vast Chaohu Lake, where water and sky meet as far as the eye can see. The lake is dotted with fishing sails and fishing songs. In less than an hour, you can vaguely see the "first scene of the lake" in the middle hall.

The middle hall stands on the red sand rock reef of Phoenix Terrace, surrounded by water on three sides. The temple was built in Chiwu, Wu Dong in the second year. Later, it was repeatedly repaired by soldiers and repaired several times. It leans against the morning glow, faces the elderly, looks at the Bird's Nest in the east and looks beautiful in the west. The existing temples, pavilions and pavilions are all buildings in the late Qing Dynasty, with more than 70.

The description of the middle temple in A Record of Chaohu Lake is very delicate: "The walls of the Red Temple are steep and scattered, and the Phoenix Terrace is bare, reaching directly into the lake, and the waves can't wash it. The lake waves are huffing and puffing, the flying stream sprays beads, and the lake tide enters the hole like a bell. " Tourists look up at the balcony, the double eaves fly out, the gray roof is like the crown of the phoenix, and the sun sets, giving people a feeling of flying. There are horizontal plaques on the beams in the hall, shrines in the hall, ghosts and gods painted on the walls, and heavenly soldiers painted on the corridors. Tourists call it "the island on earth", "the difference in the lake" and "the protection of the fairy altar cloud"

The goddess enshrined in the temple is Bi Xia Yuan Jun. According to ancient books, "in its heyday, the spring was bright and beautiful, facing the fireworks, men, women and children in the north and south of the Yangtze River each held a clove of incense, recited the name of Buddha, prayed to the temple, stood shoulder to shoulder, and followed the toes." Now, people visit this temple, not to pray for the gift of the ethereal god, but to enjoy the magnificent scenery of Li Bai's Chaohu Lake after work.

Far away from the temple is a lake island on the vast lake, which looks like a huge turtle floating on Baishui Lake. Close up, it looks like an old woman staring at her son with her chin cupped. This is the mythical Laoshan Island.

Legend has it that a long time ago, Chaohu Lake was a basin with an ideal city called Chaozhou. One day, a fisherman caught a big fish with a thousand pounds and transported it to the city for sale at a low price. People all over the city are scrambling to buy fish, but an old lady Jiao Lao and her daughter Gu Yu don't eat it. A man turned to the old man and said, "This fish is my son. If your mother and daughter don't eat, there will be a good reward. When you see a stone fish in the east of the city, the city will fall. " Sure enough, one day soon, Jiao Lao saw the stone fish in the east gate red-eyed. She was anxious to run all over the street, calling on the people of the city to avoid disasters, and then wanted to take her daughter with her. One sunny day, there was a sudden loud noise, heavy rain poured down, floods crossed the border, and Chaozhou sank. Jiao Lao's mother and daughter were drowned by turbid waves. At the critical moment, the little white dragon used magic to grow three mountains from the lake and lift his mother and daughter and Jiao Lao's lost shoes out of the water. Later generations praised Jiao Lao's virtue, named Chaohu Lake Jiaohu, and named the mountains in the lake Laoshan, Gushan and Xieshan.

When Luo Yin, a writer in the Tang Dynasty, crossed Chaohu Lake, he wrote a poem "Ask the people in the city to drown in the Millennium of Qin and Han Dynasties".

The ship is near Laoshan Mountain, surrounded by the lake, and the pavilions are uneven. If the Emerald Island floats, it looks like a "silver plate with green snails".

Laoshan Mountain is the largest and most beautiful island in the middle of Chaohu Lake. East-west length1.200m and north-south width of 700m. There is a tower, three pavilions and six mountains on the island, Jiu Feng, which is quiet and pleasant in all seasons.

In the spring of March, the mountains and rivers are beautiful, the lakes are melting, the spring breeze is willow, and the warblers are flying around, which makes Shan Ye interesting. /kloc-in the spring of 0/964, Guo Moruo visited Chaohu Lake in person, leaving a calligraphy: "Looking at Jinlang in Chaohu Lake, love her, come on." In hot summer, Laoshan Mountain is full of red flowers and fragrant flowers, which is cool and pleasant. In the Mid-Autumn Festival, the sky is crisp, the lake is blue, the willows are full of fruits, and the scenery is gorgeous. Sima Guang, the prime minister of the Northern Song Dynasty and editor of Zi Tong Zhi Jian, wrote a poem on Laoshan Mountain: the island in the middle of the lake is slightly cold, and the lotus flowers are flowing through the sky. In winter, silver snakes dance under the mountain, wrapped in red, a few feet of ice under the rock, and the trees are full of silver flowers, like a glass world.

Laoshan Mountain is not only beautiful, but also has many places of interest. Tourists are walking on the rugged mountain road. If their footsteps are a little heavier, they can hear the echo of their footsteps, which is the unique "empty valley echo" of Laoshan Mountain. If you follow the sound, you can find about 20 caves. The big one can hold 100 people, and the small one can hold 10 people. The grotesque rocks in the cave are very dangerous. Climbing up again, you can see Wenfeng Pagoda of Ming and Qing pagodas.

Wenfeng Pagoda was built in the fourth year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 163 1). Ru Yan, the magistrate of Luzhou, proposed to build it. Just after it was built into four floors, it stopped because of the war. During Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1878), Li Hongzhang advocated donating the building, and entrusted Jiangsu Bulu and Luzhou native Wu Xujian to build the third floor. After his success, Li Hongzhang wrote four characters of "Wen Guang She Dou" and set up an "Laoshan Pagoda Monument" engraved on the stone tablet.

The tower is seven stories high, with 565,438+0m, 65,438+033 grades, made of blue bricks, with layers of cornices, octagonal faces in all directions, and bronze bells at the four corners, which is magnificent in appearance and exquisite in structure. The tower body consists of three parts: the outer wall, the cloister and the tower core. When people enter the tower, the doors and ladders are staggered, and they turn left and right, which is endless fun. Each tower wall is surrounded by inscriptions, poems or Buddha statues. There are 25 plaques inscribed by Governor Li of Guangdong and Guangxi, 802 brick-carved Buddha statues, and Liu Mingchuan, the first governor of Taiwan Province, inscribed "mainstay".

Standing on the tower, people only feel the wind whistling and the copper bells jingling, as if standing on the clouds. Looking from the window, the smoke waves are vast and the fishing sails are little; Looking at their feet closely, Gu and Xie are all rocks like fog.

The pagoda is inlaid with a complete statue of Li Hongzhang. Before Li Hongzhang made his fortune, thanks to the guidance of his mentor Zeng Guofan, he assembled Huai troops to train on the lake, leaving a magnificent seven-character quatrain: "Chaohu Lake is like a wave in an inkstone, and his hands are like a lonely mountain." The Laoshan Tower is like a sheep's hair, enough to write an eight-part essay on the blue sky. "Not far from the tower, there is a sacred temple dedicated to Jiao Lao during the Spring and Autumn Period. Red catalpa and blue tiles are hidden among pines and cypresses.

The morning in Chaohu Lake is beautiful, the night scene is more beautiful, and the moonlit night in Laoshan Mountain is more charming. If on the night of March 5 in the clear autumn, a bright moon is reflected on the slight lake, just like a jade bead embedded in the lake. Moonlight, lights and lake light complement each other, and the moon shadow, tower shadow and cloud shadow are integrated into one. It is really a beautiful night with "one color of lake light and boundless autumn colors". During the reign of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, Zhu Xian, an official school of Luzhou Prefecture, wrote in the article "jathyapple in Chaohu Lake": "The breeze is lifeless, the sky is bright and the shadows are dark blue, and people are fascinated by it, and workers are relieved of it, as if they were in a cold world."

Second, the city.

1. Chaohu Lake

Chaohu City is located in the middle of Anhui Province, close to the Yangtze River and surrounded by Chaohu Lake, one of the five largest freshwater lakes. It now governs Lujiang, Wuwei, Hexian, Hanshan and Juchao. The total area of the city is 9,423 square kilometers, and the total population at the end of 2005 was 4,530,600.

Chaohu Lake enjoys an excellent geographical location and convenient transportation. Adjacent to Nanjing, Hefei, Anqing, Wuhu, Maanshan and Tongling. Huainan, Hejiu Railway, Hening, Hu Rong and Hechaowu Expressway pass through the territory. The Yangtze River flows through Chaohu City 182km, and Wuhu-Chaohu Highway Bridge and Tongling-Chaohu Highway Bridge cross the Yangtze River Graben. Relying on Wuhu Zhujiaqiao Foreign Trade Terminal and Nanjing and Hefei airports, you can go to sea by boat.

Chaohu Lake is rich in resources. There are 34 kinds of mineral deposits discovered, among which magnetite, pyrite, alunite, limestone and gypsum have huge reserves. Chaohu Lake is a famous "land of plenty", which is rich in rice, oilseeds, cotton, vegetables, poultry and aquatic products. "Three Treasures of Chaohu Lake" (whitebait, white rice shrimp and crab) enjoys a high reputation. Chaohu Lake is a national scenic spot, with more than 138 natural and cultural landscapes in the city. Rivers, lakes, mountains and springs coexist and are famous for their water. Lake light, hot springs and mountains are the "three wonders of Chaohu Lake scenery".

Since the reform and opening up, especially since the 1990s, the economic and social development of Chaohu Lake has been accelerating, and its comprehensive strength has been significantly enhanced. The agricultural structure has been continuously optimized. Five counties (districts) were included in the national grain and cotton production counties, and successively entered the ranks of the top 100 grain and oil counties. "Two waters and one dish" (that is, aquatic products, waterfowl and vegetables) have developed rapidly, and the output of aquatic products ranks second in the province, and the output of characteristic aquatic products ranks first in the province. Poultry has formed more than 20 large-scale farming communities: vegetable area 1 10,000 mu, which is an important vegetable production base in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The strength of industrial economy has been continuously enhanced. It has basically formed pillar industries such as building materials, machinery, textiles, medicine and food, and has a number of key enterprises with certain strength and scale that occupy a certain position in the same industry inside and outside the province. At present, there are 54 large and medium-sized enterprises in the city, including 4 listed companies: Wan Wei Gaoxin, Chaodong, Xinli Pharmaceutical and Huaxing Chemical. Tourism has developed rapidly. Five caves such as Baochan and Huayang Cave, four national forest parks such as Taihu Mountain, and hot spring resorts such as Bantang, Tang Chi and Xiangquan have been built. The urban infrastructure has been significantly improved, and the comprehensive supporting functions have been significantly enhanced, and it has won the title of "National Advanced Health City".

Since the withdrawal of land and the establishment of the city, Chaohu Lake has carried out the activities of emancipating the mind and optimizing the environment for six consecutive years, carried out the activities of opening to the outside world for four consecutive years, actively implemented the policy of encouraging foreign investment, established the city, county (district) administrative service centers and the city, county and township administrative service networks, and implemented the "one-stop" service and "one-stop" investment approval procedures. It has created a good environment for government affairs, entrepreneurship and human settlements.

In order to achieve the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, Chaohu City, based on its location and resource advantages, has accelerated the construction of "four bases and a back garden" with the theme of accelerating development, enriching the people and strengthening the city, that is, building industrial gradient transfer and capital spillover bases in coastal developed areas, high-quality agricultural products supply bases, high-quality labor export bases, technological achievements transformation bases of research institutes in surrounding large and medium-sized cities, and tourism "back gardens" in surrounding cities. Chaohu Lake is moving towards the goal of a modern lakeside city with economic prosperity, social civilization, beautiful environment and coordinated development between urban and rural areas.

Chaohu Lake is an open hot spot, and the people of Chaohu Lake warmly welcome friends at home and abroad to invest and start businesses.