English name: Chuanxiong

Chinese herbal medicine

This product is the dried rhizome of Chuanxiong. Umbelliferae. In summer, when the nodes on the stem are prominent and purple, the sediment is dug, dried in the sun, and then the fibrous roots are removed.

Characteristics this product is an irregular nodular fist-shaped mass with a diameter of 2 ~ 7 cm. The surface is yellow-brown, rough and dry, with many parallel raised knuckles, concave round stem marks on the top, and many nodule root marks on the lower side and knuckles. Solid, not easily broken, yellowish white or grayish yellow, scattered with yellowish brown oil chambers, forming wavy ring patterns. Strong smell, bitter and pungent taste. The tongue is slightly numb and sweet.

distinguish

(1) Cross section of this product: cork layer is 10 multi-row cells. The cortex is narrow, the root vascular bundles are scattered, and the cambium is obvious. The phloem is wide, and the cambium is annular or irregular polygon. The xylem vessels are polygonal or quasi-circular, mostly single row or "V" shape, with occasional wood fiber bundles. The pulp is bigger. There are many oil chambers scattered in the parenchyma, which are round, oval or irregular, yellow-brown, and the oil chambers near the cambium are small and gradually expand outward; The parenchyma cells are rich in starch granules, and some parenchyma cells contain calcium oxalate crystals, which are round blocks or cluster crystals. The powder is yellowish brown or grayish brown. There are many starch granules, which are oval, oblong, quasi-round, oval or kidney-shaped, with a diameter of 5 ~ 16 micron and a length of about 2 1μm, and the umbilicus is punctate, long slit or herringbone. Occasionally it consists of 2 ~ 4 scores. Calcium oxalate crystals exist in parenchyma cells, which are round, massive or clustered crystals with a diameter of10 ~ 25μ m. Cork cells are dark yellow-brown, often multilayer, polygonal in surface and thin in wall. The oil chamber is mostly damaged, and occasionally oil chamber fragments can be seen. The secretory cell wall is thin and contains more oil droplets. Catheters are mainly threaded catheters, and there are also reticulated and stepped catheters with a diameter of14 ~ 50μ m. Some thickened walls of the threaded catheters are connected with each other, similar to reticulated threaded catheters.

(2) Take 65438+0g of this product powder, add 5ml of petroleum ether (30 ~ 60℃), stand for 65438±00h, shake and stand from time to time, take 65438+0ml of supernatant, evaporate, add 65438+0ml of methanol to the residue to dissolve it, and then add 2% of 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid methanol solution.

(3) Take 65,438+0g of this product powder, add 20ml of ethanol, heat and reflux for 65,438+0h, filter, evaporate the filtrate, and add 2ml of ethyl acetate to the residue to dissolve it, which will be used as the test solution. In addition, take 65438 0 g of Chuanxiong, and prepare the control medicinal solution by the same method. According to the thin-layer chromatography test (Appendix ⅵ b), absorb the above two solutions 1 ~ 2μ l, respectively, and spot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, using n-hexane-ethyl acetate (9: 1) as the developing agent, unfold, take them out, dry them, and examine them under an ultraviolet lamp (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, fluorescent spots with the same color appear at the positions corresponding to the chromatogram of the control medicinal materials.

Check that the total ash content shall not exceed 6.0% (Appendix ⅸ k).

Processing to remove impurities, separating size, slightly soaking, cleaning, fully wetting, slicing and drying.

Sexual taste and pungent-warm meridian tropism. Hepatobiliary pericardium meridian

Indications: promoting blood circulation and qi circulation, expelling wind and relieving pain. Used for irregular menstruation, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, abdominal pain, chest and hypochondriac tingling, traumatic swelling and pain, headache and rheumatic joint pain.

Usage and dosage: 3 ~ 9g.

Store in a cool and dry place to prevent moths.

Chuanxiong rhizome

(1) Overview

Alias Xiong Lao.

Chuanxiong is a plant of Umbelliferae (Ligusticum chuanxiong. ). dispel wind and relieve pain, regulate qi and promote blood circulation, and expel pus from long meat. Treat headache, dizziness, qi stagnation, costal pain, joint pain, irregular menstruation and carbuncle pain. It is cultivated in Sichuan, Southwest China, Central South China, East China and North China.

(2) Botanical characteristics

Perennial herbs. Tubers are irregular lumps. The stem is erect, about 100 cm high, cylindrical, hollow and jointed, with relatively large nodes. Leaves alternate, with 2 ~ 3 pinnate compound leaves, dark green leaves, and a broad petiole supporting the stem at the base to form a sheath. White flowers, compound umbels, double hanging fruit oval.

(3) Growth characteristics

I like a mild, humid and sunny climate. No bright light and high temperature at seedling stage. The soil requires loose and fertile sandy soil with good drainage and rich humus. I don't want continuous cropping or waterlogging.

(4) Cultivation techniques

1. Land selection and preparation

Choose wasteland or paddy field with high drought in sunny, sunny or semi-sunny mountain areas. On sandy soil with fertile soil and good drainage, it is best to use corn (intercropping with corn in Shaanxi) and potato in previous crops. If you choose a new wasteland, remove weeds and roots on the ground as soon as possible and burn them as fertilizer to raise the ground temperature. Carry out deep ploughing for 20 cm and rake the boundary. Well-drained soil makes the boundary 250 ~ 300 cm wide and high; For the soil with poor drainage, make a high border with a width of 120 cm.

2. Breeding method

Chuanxiong. Use stem nodes (Xionglingzi) as seeds. After withering on the ground every year, dig out Chuanxiong and cut off the stem nodes above the roots. Each node has 1 ~ 2 buds, and the seed consumption per hectare is about 2250 kg. The big roots below are processed into commodities. The seedlings were planted before the panic next year. The depth of row planting ditch is 65,438+02 ~ 65,438+06 cm, and the row spacing is about 20 ~ 25cm×35cm. Plant 1 ~ 2 seedlings in each hole, with bud tips facing upwards and covered with 6 cm fine soil. The base fertilizer is 0/.5,000 ~ 22,500 kg per hectare/kloc-0.

3. Tian Tuan management

After planting, water the dry soil in time, keep the soil moist before emergence, and intertillage and weed in late April. Topdressing plant ash 2250 ~ 3000 kg/ha, decomposed cake fertilizer 750 ~ 1500 kg. Weed for the second time from late May to mid-June and for the third time in July. If Ligusticum chuanxiong is used as a seedling, the second and third weeding combined with soil accumulation at the base is beneficial to the expansion of stem nodes and the growth of seedlings. When Ligusticum chuanxiong blooms, some stems are cut off from the base of Ligusticum chuanxiong, and 5 ~ 6 stems are left in each cluster, which is beneficial to ventilation and light transmission, centralized nutrition and normal growth of Ligusticum chuanxiong. Plant, dig and plant in autumn. In the stubble field of early rice field, make a ridge with a width of 160 cm, with a width of 30 cm and a depth of 7-8 cm. In mid-August, it will be planted in sunny days, with a fork-shaped iron harrow with a row spacing of 25-30 cm, with a ditch depth of 5 cm, 8 Grifola umbellata with a spacing of 20 cm, and 2 Grifola umbellata at both ends of each row will be sealed once every 6-65433. Wheat and broad beans are often planted in furrows in the south, and seven kinds of corn are often planted in furrows in the north.

Winter management: Chuanxiong wilted, cut off the stems on the ground, weed and loosen the soil, and cover with a thin layer of soil to protect Chuanxiong from wintering. After turning green in the next spring, a thin layer of human and animal manure was applied in early March, and the fertilizer was sufficient.

4. Pest control

(1) black silkworm

Biting Chuanxiong seedlings makes them grow poorly.

Control method: Before planting, slightly soak Zi Ling with 0.5 kg of Baichong and 25 kg of water. In case of insect pests, the roots can be watered with 300 ~ 500 times of 25% DDT emulsion.

(2) powdery mildew

It is caused by ascomycetes and occurs in summer and autumn. Leaves are like white powder, and the boundaries are not obvious. It is a black spot in the later stage, and the leaves turn yellow in severe cases.

Prevention and control methods: clear the garden after harvest and eliminate pathogens. At the initial stage, spray 50% thiophanate 800 ~ 1000 times or 0.3 wave of meishi sulfur mixture for 7 ~ 10 days 1 times for 2-3 days.

(3) Starscream

See licorice disease.

(4) Stylosanthes chuanxiong

Also known as stinkbug, the early larvae harm the top of the stem, and then the worms drill into the stem from the top of the stem, endangering the whole plant step by step until they die.

Control method: spray 50% phoxim EC 1500 times at the initial stage, or mix 50% malathion and 40% dimethoate EC 800 times.

(5) harvesting and processing

Due to the different harvest seasons in different regions. Harvest from late May to early June of the second year after cutting in Sichuan. It was harvested in early August of the second year after planting in Beijing. After the overground part of Yunnan withered from June 5438+00 to June 5438+0 1 in the second year, the leaves were removed, the fibrous roots and soil were cut off, and Polygonum cuspidatum (Paeonia lactiflora) was kept as a seedling, which could not be exposed to the sun. Separate according to the size, bake or dry with slow fire, put in a bamboo raft after drying, and knock off rough skin, fibrous roots and soil. General 1.25 kg of fresh Ligusticum chuanxiong gets 0.5 kg of dry goods. There are two processing methods: peeling first and then boiling, and boiling first and then peeling. The former is commonly used because of its low loss and good quality. First, scrape off the root bark with a knife, bamboo or glass, and wash it with clean water in three stages: large, medium and small. Then pour each stage into boiling water for about 1- 1.5 minutes. When the color is slightly yellow and bright, and the root center is slightly yellow and white, take it out immediately and float it in cold water to cool it to prevent it from being overcooked and rotted. Or bend the root into a circle, which is suitable for uninterrupted. If there is not enough time, it can't be folded into a circle. After cooking, dry it a little, smoke it with sulfur overnight, then spread it on a drying table or hang it in the sun with a small rope and a piece of paper, or set up a shelf to dry it. In case of rainy days, the kang should be dried immediately, otherwise it will become discolored and moldy. Quality inspection of chuanxiong rhizome. It is qualified by its large and uniform size, solid quality, rich fragrance, high oil content, no bridge stem, no moth and no impurities. Packed with bamboo rafts, lined with straw mats, stored in a dry place, and smoked with sulfur in the first half of each year to prevent insects from eating.

Chuanxiong rhizome (herbal decoction)

Phonetic name Chuanxiong

English name: Chuanxiong

Famous Mountain Giant Qiong (Zuo Zhuan), Xiong Gu (Ben Jing), (Ben Cao), Hu Gu (Bielu), Xiong Gu (Tao Hongjing), Quenaoxiong (Ben Cao Tu Jing) and Guan.

The source is rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong in Umbelliferae.

Plant morphology of Ligusticum chuanxiong hort.

Perennial herbs. Underground stems are irregular nodular fist-shaped masses. The stem is upright, cylindrical and hollow with longitudinal grooves on the surface. Leaves alternate, with 2 ~ 3 odd pinnate compound leaves, 3 ~ 5 pairs of leaflets, and unevenly pinnately divided or deeply divided. Lobes are tapered at the top, both sides are hairless, and only veins are pubescent; The petiole is 9 ~ 17 cm long, with a sheath at the base and a stalk. The compound umbel is born at the top of the branch and is pilose; Involucre and bracteole linear; Flowers are small and white; Sepals 5, linear, pubescent; Petals 5, oval, with the whole top and a short sharp protrusion at the center, bent inward; Stamens 5, alternate with petals, anthers elliptic, 2-loculed, longitudinally dehiscent, filaments soft and protruding from petals; Pistil ovary inferior, 2-loculed, style 2. Double oval raspberry flower.

Distributed in Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan, mostly cultivated.

The seedling leaves of this plant are also used as medicine, which is described in detail in another article.

It is best for cultivators in plain areas to harvest in 4 ~ 5 days after harvest, and most cultivators in mountainous areas harvest in August ~ September. Dig out the roots, remove the stems, leaves and sediment, wash, dry or dry in the sun, and then beat the fibrous roots with a cage.

The rhizome of medicinal materials is an irregular nodular fist-shaped lump, 4 ~ 8 cm long and 4 ~ 6 cm in diameter. The surface is dark brown with obvious nodular wavy knuckles. There are many round or oval stem marks on the upper side, with a diameter of 5 ~ 15 mm, which are concave, and there are many root marks on the lower side and knuckles, which are small tumor-like bulges. Solid, yellow in cross section, obviously annular in cambium, scattered with small yellow oil spots everywhere. It has a special fragrance and bitterness.

Location: Sichuan (guanxian, Chongqing). Yunnan is also produced, known as "Yunxiong".

Processing of Rhizoma Chuanxiong: removing impurities, grading, soaking in water, drying in the sun, moistening, slicing and drying. Wine Chuanxiong: evenly spray the slices of Chuanxiong with yellow wine, which is slightly stuffy, stir-fry them in a pan until they are slightly burnt, and take them out to cool (each slice of Chuanxiong 100 kg, 8 liang of yellow wine 12 kg).

Identification (1) The cross section of this product: the cork layer is 10 multi-row cells. The cortex is narrow, the root vascular bundles are scattered, and the cambium is obvious. The phloem is very wide. The cambium is annular, wavy or irregular polygon. The xylem vessels are polygonal or quasi-circular, mostly single row or "V" shape, with occasional wood fiber bundles. The pulp is bigger. There are many oil chambers scattered in the parenchyma, which are round, oval or irregular, yellow-brown, and the oil chambers near the cambium are small and gradually expand outward; The parenchyma cells are rich in starch granules, and some parenchyma cells contain calcium oxalate crystals, which are round blocks or cluster crystals. The powder is yellowish brown or grayish brown. There are many starch granules, which are oval, oblong, quasi-round, oval or kidney-shaped, with a diameter of 5 ~ 16 micron and a length of about 2 1μm, and the umbilicus is punctate, long slit or herringbone. Occasionally it consists of 2 ~ 4 scores. Calcium oxalate crystals exist in parenchyma cells, which are round, massive or clustered crystals with a diameter of10 ~ 25μ m. Cork cells are dark yellow-brown, often with multiple layers overlapping, polygonal surface and thin wall. The oil chamber is mostly damaged, and occasionally oil chamber fragments can be seen. The secretory cell wall is thin and contains more oil droplets. Catheters are mainly threaded catheters, and there are also reticulated and stepped catheters with a diameter of14 ~ 50μ m. Some thickened walls of the threaded catheters are connected with each other, similar to reticulated threaded catheters.

(2) Take 65438+0g of this product powder, add 5ml of petroleum ether (30 ~ 60℃), stand for 65438±00h, shake from time to time, stand, take 65438+0ml of supernatant, evaporate, add 65438+0ml of methanol to the residue to dissolve it, and then add 2% methanol solution of 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid.

(3) Take 65438 0 g of this product powder, add 20ml of ethanol, put it in a water bath, heat and reflux for 65438 0 h, filter, evaporate the filtrate, and dissolve the residue with 2ml of ethyl acetate as the test solution.

Another control medicinal solution of Rhizoma Chuanxiong was taken.

According to the thin-layer chromatography test, respectively absorb the above two solutions1~ 2μ l, spread them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate with n-hexane-ethyl acetate (9: 1) as the developing agent, take them out, dry them, and check them under the ultraviolet lamp (365nm).

In the chromatogram of the test sample, fluorescent spots with the same color appear at the positions corresponding to the chromatogram of the control medicinal materials.

Sexual taste is pungent and warm.

1 classic: "Xin Wen."

② Upp Materia Medica: "Huangdi, Qi Bo and Tripterygium wilfordii are pungent, nontoxic and delicious. Bian Que: Acidic, nontoxic. Li: Raw is warm, but cooked is cold. "

③ Tang Dynasty herbs: "Bitter and bitter."

4 Materia Medica Zheng Zheng: "Spicy but slightly sweet, warm."

Meridian enters the liver and gallbladder.

① Herbal soup: "Start with the Foot Jueyin Meridian and Shaoyang Meridian."

② drug meaning: "entering the triple energizer of liver and spleen."

Function: It is mainly used for promoting qi circulation to relieve depression, expelling wind and removing dampness, promoting blood circulation and relieving pain. It can be used for treating wind-cold headache, dizziness, hypochondriac pain, abdominal pain, cold joint pain, tendon contracture, amenorrhea, dystocia, postpartum swelling and pain, and carbuncle. Used for irregular menstruation, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, abdominal pain, chest and hypochondriac tingling, traumatic swelling and pain, headache and rheumatic joint pain.

① Meridian: "Headache, cold joint pain, muscle spasm, traumatic stress, female childless."

(2) Don't record: "Except for the cold in the brain, the wind moves from the face, tears come out from the eyes, tears are more than saliva, sudden drunkenness, cold, hard pain in the heart, pathogenic factors, sudden swelling and pain in the pawn, wind pain in the side, and moderate cold."

(3) Tao Hongjing: "Root bleeding contains a lot."

④ Theory of medicinal properties: "Treating weakness of waist and feet, hemiplegia and abdominal cold pain."

⑤ "Rihuazi Materia Medica": "Treat wind, qi, fatigue and blood, replenish five strains, strengthen bones and muscles, regulate pulse, break the knot of blood, nourish new blood, gain weight, stuffy nose, vomit blood and drown blood, hemorrhoids and leakage, brain carbuncle and back, and more scrofula.

⑥ Origin of Medicine: "Tonifying blood to treat headache due to blood deficiency."

⑦ Wang: "Search liver qi, replenish liver blood, moisten liver dryness, and replenish wind deficiency."

⑧ Outline: "Dry dampness, stop diarrhea and dysentery, promote qi and relieve depression."

Oral administration and dosage: decocted, 1 ~ 2 yuan; Or made into pill or powder for external use: grinding, smearing or bandaging.

Those with excessive fire due to yin deficiency are forbidden to take it, while those with excess in the upper body and deficiency in the lower body and qi deficiency are forbidden to take it.

① Notes on Materia Medica: "Angelica dahurica makes it. Evil coptis root. "

2 products will be refined: "If you take it for a long time, your true qi will decline."

(3) Materia Medica: "Evil Astragalus, Hawthorn, Stellera chamaejasme. Nitrite, talc, coptis chinensis. Anti-veratrum. "

④ The Classic of Materia Medica: "Anyone who suffers from deficiency fire and inflammation, vomiting and coughing, spontaneous sweating, sweating easily, night sweats, dry throat, fever, thirst and irritability should avoid using it."

⑤ "Materia Medica from the New": "It is not appropriate to use qi to raise phlegm and relieve asthma."

⑥ "Deserved Materia Medica": "All-fire drama, spleen deficiency, less food, fire depression and headache are forbidden."

Prescription 1: Treat wind attack, dizziness and headache, nasal congestion, cold and fever, limb pain, muscle peristalsis, diaphragmatic heat phlegm, carbuncle caused by blood wind in women, temple pain, and common cold: peppermint leaves (no fire) 82, Chuanxiong, Schizonepeta tenuifolia (no stem) 42, and Cyperus rotundus. The medicine is fine powder. Every time you take it, you will mix the tea after eating and eat it all the way to your head. ("Fang Ju" Chuanxiong Tea Powder)

② Treatment of migraine: Xiong Jing fine file, soaked in wine. ("Doumen Fang")

③ Treatment of dizziness, dizziness, exogenous yang, wind-cold pulse, excessive phlegm in stomach diaphragm, headache and mental fatigue: Chuanxiong 1 kg, Gastrodia elata 4 Liang. The top is the bottom, honey is a pill, and every two pills are ten. Take one pill at a time, chew slowly, drink tea and wine after meals. (Xuan Ming Lunfang Chuanxiong Pill)

④ Treatment of wind-heat headache: Ligusticum wallichii costs one yuan, and tea costs two yuan. Water for one minute, fry for five minutes, and eat while it is hot. ("purely unilateral")

⑤ Treatment of abdominal pain (cell block) during pregnancy: Xionglaoer Liangliang, Ejiao Liangliang, Licorice Liangliang, Folium Artemisiae Argyi Sanliang, Angelica sinensis Sanliang, Radix Paeoniae Alba Siliang and Radix Rehmanniae Liuliang. Boil the appropriate seven flavors with five liters of water and three liters of sake, take three liters, remove the residue, and take one liter with warm water, three times a day, and cook more. ("Synopsis of the Golden Chamber" Jiao Tangai)

⑥ Treating a woman who was pregnant for five or seven months, because she bumped into the fetus or died in the womb, lochia continued and the pain continued. Test it with this medicine. If it doesn't hurt, it won't hurt. If the fetus is injured, remove it one by one: Angelica sinensis (washed, impurity removed, cut into pieces, baked and weighed) and Chuanxiong rhizome (washed). At the end of the meal, take two yuan at a time, a small glass of water will make you cry dry, and a large glass of wine will stop boiling, remove the residue, warm it and pour it into your mouth. Walk five or seven miles and you'll be born after three servings. (bergamot of skill)

⑦ Treatment of postpartum blood halo: Angelica, Chuanxiong and Schizonepeta (fried black). Decoct with water. (Compilation of Odd Classes)

(8) Treatment of postpartum abdominal pain: one or two of Ligusticum chuanxiong (washed and filed), Cinnamomum cassia (filed without fire), Radix Aucklandiae (filed with dry arm), Radix Angelicae Sinensis (removed reed beard, washed, filed and baked) and Semen Persicae (peeled, sharpened, Shuang Ren and fried). The top is good at the end. For every dollar you take, mix the hot wine. If you don't want to drink it, use a glass of water, the medicine is two yuan at the end, fry it until seven points, and take it hot. (Chuanxiong powder, "Healthy Jiabao Formula")

⑨ To cure the pain of new lump: Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, San Qian, Semen Persicae (peeled, pointed and ground) 14, 5 black ginger, 5 roasted licorice, decocted with yellow wine and baby excrement. ("Fu Qingzhu Gynecology" biochemical soup)

Indications for treating children's brain fever, good eye closure, sun pain or red eye swelling: Chuanxiong, mint and mirabilite are two yuan each, and a little is blown into the nose. (The Mind of the Whole Child)

Clinical application of treating angina pectoris

Take equal parts of Rhizoma Chuanxiong and Carthami Flos, and make into tablets (12 tablets containing crude drugs of Rhizoma Chuanxiong and Carthami Flos, each tablet is 5 yuan), 4 tablets each time, 3 times a day. 4 ~ 6 weeks is a course of treatment. 84 cases (10) were treated with pueraria flavone tablets, 20 mg each time, 3 times a day; Two cases began to take Rufei tablets two weeks after taking the medicine. Results: 9 cases were markedly effective, 57 cases were improved, basically ineffective 17 cases, aggravated 1 case. It is observed that there is no obvious relationship between the severity of the disease and the curative effect; The curative effect of pueraria flavonoids and rupi tablets has not improved; There is little effect on blood lipid after taking the medicine. Among the 60 patients who jumped into nitroglycerin, 20 patients stopped taking nitroglycerin and 15 reduced nitroglycerin during the treatment period, and ECG of some patients improved.