Therefore, when the former monarch ruled the world, he must look at the modern times, and the gentleman looked at you and cultivated you. If you don't practice and see that your body is destroyed, you will also practice to hold a grudge. Embarrassing words are not in your ears; The voice of criticism has no mouth; Killing children (3) have no heart. Although there are people who despise them, they have no one to rely on.
Therefore, the power of a gentleman is getting stronger every day, and I am willing to surpass it and stand strong. The way of a gentleman is: poverty is honesty, wealth is righteousness, life is love, and death is sorrow; Four walkers should not be false, and vice versa. He who hides in his heart cannot exhaust his love; Those who are active in the body are exhausted; What comes out of the mouth is endless. Often four branches are covered with skin, flowers are crumbling, and only saints are still alive!
If you are not strong, you are not wise; People who don't believe in words can't do it; Those who cannot divide people according to wealth are not friends; Those who don't keep the Tao know everything, and those who don't observe right and wrong (4) swim without knowledge. There must be a few people who are solid at the end, those who are brave and don't repair are lazy afterwards, turbid and not flowing, and those who don't believe are lazy. Fame is not born, and fame is not long. Success, reputation should not be false, and vice versa. Speak slowly, though you argue, you won't listen. If you work hard, you will get nothing. A wise man will be famous all over the world if he argues with his heart without saying much and does his best without reducing his merits. It is wise to say more without doing, and to write without doing is to observe. Therefore, if he is wise and does not observe, he will fall in love with his body (5) and he will go another way. Those who have a bad heart will not stay, and those who do not argue will not stand; Fame can't be simplified, fame can't stand by and take chances, and a gentleman wears a walker (6). Seeking the Tao for profit, forgetting the name and ignoring the Tao, can be a scholar for the world, but there is no such thing.
[Notes]
(1) This paper mainly discusses moral cultivation and gentleman's personality, emphasizing that moral cultivation is the foundation of governing the country, and gentlemen must attach importance to moral cultivation. This paper puts forward. "A gentleman's way" should include "being poor means honesty, being rich means righteousness, living means love, and dying means sorrow", as well as observing right and wrong clearly and paying attention to credit and reality. 2 Chen: The same "array". (3) Child: Bi Xiaoyun: "When reading, it is like a root." (4) Debate: the same as "debate". (5) Peter: Borrowing is "no". Love: it is a form of "laziness". (6) Dai: the same as "load".
[vernacular]
Although a gentleman fights, he must be brave-oriented; Although the funeral is a etiquette, it must be based on grief; Although being an official pays attention to talent and knowledge, it must be based on morality. Therefore, if the foundation is not firm, there is no need to pay attention to the prosperity of the details; If people around you can't get close, you don't have to pay attention to attracting people from afar; If relatives can't join, don't pay attention to accepting outsiders; Do one thing from beginning to end, there is no need to talk about engaging in multiple occupations; If you don't know something, you don't have to pursue extensive knowledge.
Therefore, when the first king ruled the world, he had to observe the left and right and attract people from afar. A gentleman can observe the left and right, and the people around him can cultivate his own character. If a gentleman can't cultivate himself, he must reflect on himself if he is vilified, so he complains less and his character improves day by day. Don't listen to slanders, don't say things that attack others, and don't take the idea of hurting people to heart. In this way, even if there are people who are good at slandering and attacking, they can't display them.
As a result, the gentleman's own strength is strengthened day by day, his ambition is great day by day, and Zhuang Jing's character is improved day by day. The way of a gentleman (which should include the following aspects): being poor means honesty, being rich means benevolence, being alive means love, and dying means sorrow. These four qualities cannot be faked, and they must be possessed by themselves. There is infinite love in my heart; It is extremely humble to show it on the body; What you are talking about is extremely elegant and tame. (Let the above four kinds of conduct) reach the skin of the limbs and refuse to give up until the white hair is bald. Maybe there are only saints!
If the will is not strong, the wisdom will not be high; If you don't keep your word, you can't act boldly; People who have wealth but refuse to share it with others are not worthy of making friends; He is not firm in keeping the road, has little experience, and is unclear about right and wrong, so he is not worth making friends with. If it is not strong at all, it is dangerous. A brave man who doesn't pay attention to moral cultivation will be lazy later. If the source is unclear, the reputation of people who don't believe in behavior will be damaged, and their reputation will not grow for no reason. Success has become an inevitable name. Fame can't be fake. You have to find it yourself. All talk and no action, take your time. Although you can talk, no one will listen. Despite hard work, it is not advisable to boast about your contribution. Wise men talk a lot, know what they are, do things without boasting, so they are famous all over the world. Speak with wisdom rather than variety, and pay attention to understanding rather than literary talent. Therefore, if you are neither wise nor observant, plus you are lazy, you will deviate from the right path. Goodness cannot be preserved unless it comes from the heart, and it cannot be established unless it is judged by itself. Fame will not be made by simplicity, fame will not be made by fraud, and a gentleman is a combination of words and deeds. No one in the world has ever been able to put profit first and become a wise man regardless of fame. Original text of Xunzi's self-cultivation article
If you are good, you will receive it, and if you repair it, you will protect yourself; When you see bad things, you must reflect on yourself when you are sad. Hello, be good to yourself; If you are not good at it, you are evil to yourself. So, either my people or my teachers; It's me, my friend; Those who flatter me are thieves. Therefore, a gentleman takes his teacher as his friend, so that he hates his thief. If you are good but not satisfied, you can quit if you are admonished, but if you don't want to advance, you will! On the contrary, the villain is: causing chaos, the wicked are not themselves; To be corrupt, to be virtuous; My heart is like a tiger and a wolf, and I walk like an animal, but I am also a thief of the wicked. Flatterers kiss, remonstrate and argue, smirk and be loyal to thieves. Although you want to live, you will get it! The poem says: "Buzzing and hissing is also the sorrow of the hole. If you ask for it, you will violate it; If you don't care about it, you will rely on it. " This is also called.
The degree of goodness-to treat qi as health, then Peng Zu; In order to cultivate one's morality, one should match Yuyao. We should keep pace with the times, help the poor and be polite and trustworthy. Where blood, will and care are used, it will be cured with ceremony, and it will be chaotic if it is not used; Eating, drinking, clothing, life and sports, from ceremony to festival, not from ceremony to trouble; Appearance, attitude, advance and retreat, tendency, courtesy is elegant, rudeness is solid, eccentric, mediocre and wild. If an old friend is rude, there will be no life, if something is rude, there will be nothing, and if the country is rude, it will be uneasy. The poem says: "There is a degree of etiquette, and laughter is rewarded." This is also called.
Good ancestors call it teaching, and good people call it obedience; Bad ancestors are called flattery, and bad others are called flattery. Right and wrong is knowing, right and wrong is stupidity. Hurting a good man is called slander, and hurting a good man is called a thief. Right, right, wrong, wrong, wrong, stealing goods is called stealing, hiding is called cheating, and if it is relaxed, it is called birthday. The uncertainty of interests is impermanent. Paulie abandons righteousness and is called a thief. Listen more and learn more, listen less and learn more. It is more common to say idle things, but it is less common to say ugly things. It's hard to get in, but easy to forget. Less is the rule, more is chaos.
The art of treating qi and nourishing the heart: strong blood will soften and reconcile; The deeper you know, the better; Courage is supplemented by smooth roads; Give convenience, then stop; Narrow and small, broad outline; Humility is heavy, greed is late and resistance is high; When the masses dispersed, they were robbed by teachers and friends; If you ignore and abandon it, it will be a disaster; Foolish wealth ends in embarrassment, then it is combined with rites and music and used for it. Any technique of treating qi and nourishing the heart does not need a teacher, and it is not good to get a god. Husband refers to the art of treating qi and nourishing the heart.
If you are determined to practice, you will be arrogant and rich, and your morality will be noble, and your princes will be light; Introspection is light. Chuan said, "A gentleman's thing is a villain's thing." This is called Yi. Work hard and feel at ease; Less and more righteousness, for it; Trouble is better than no trouble. Therefore, a good farmer is not drought, a good farmer is not poverty, and a gentleman is not poverty.
Respect and loyalty, humility and friendship; Run wild in the world, although trapped in four barbarians, people are expensive. Hard work is the first, pleasure is the best, honest, cautious and meticulous; Running around the world, although trapped in four barbarians, people are duty-bound. The body is solid and guilty, and the technique is smooth and fine; Running around the world, although extending in all directions, people are not cheap. Hard work is stealing Confucianism, pleasure is no joy exchange, no embarrassment, no record: it runs rampant all over the world, and people never leave.
This is not a line of water; It is not a crime to do things while leaning down; I bow my head first, I'm not afraid. However, if a gentleman wants to cultivate his body alone, he must not offend vulgar people.
It is also possible to ride a thousand miles a day and ride ten times. Will it be endless, endless? Its broken bones and tendons can't match for life. If you stop, it will be a long way, but it will be late, fast, first or last, and you will not be able to get along with it! Those who don't know that the trail will be endless, chasing infinity? Has the meaning stopped? The husband's observation of "firmness and whiteness", "similarity and difference" and "thickness or not" is not without observation, but the gentleman stops without arguing. It's not difficult to travel by the chief, but not by the gentleman. Stop here. So, it's late to learn. If you stop and invite me, I did it. It's a matter of time, sooner or later, or later. You can't arrive at the same time! Therefore, the road is long, and it never stops in Xiu Yuan. Tired of the soil, the hills are rushing. Hate its source, open its blasphemy, rivers can be exhausted. One advance and one retreat, one left and one right, six horses don't come. That man's talent is similar to that of the princess, so if he is lame, he will have six horses and feet! However, six horses didn't have it because of the lame turtle, so it's nothing, either give it or don't give it! Although the Tao is close, it cannot be done; Small as it is, nothing is impossible. He is also an idle person, and he is not far away.
Good law, too; Dedication and body, the gentleman also; Qi Ming is inexhaustible, and saints are also. If people can't, they are dumbfounded; If there is law without ambition, the canal will be natural; It depends on the rules, but it's deep and then it's warm.
Ceremony, so the body is also, the teacher is also, so the ceremony is also. Why is rudeness right? No teacher is polite, is he? However, politeness is also a sense of security; When a teacher talks in a fog, he knows if he is a teacher. Love with courtesy, knowledge with teacher is holy. Therefore, you must not be indecent; Without a teacher, there would be no teacher. Not to learn from others, but to be good at being used by individuals. For example, it is still blind to color discrimination, deaf to sound discrimination, and doing nothing without chaos. Therefore, people who learn also have manners. Teacher, be a tool of justice and you will be safe. As the poem says, "those who don't know, rule from the emperor." This is also called.
If you are obedient to your younger brother, it can be said that it is good; Study hard and be sensitive, and you will be supreme and be a gentleman. Stealing Confucianism and fearing things, indulging in food unscrupulously, can be described as a villain; If you are tough and tactless, if you are a thief but not a brother, you can be said to be ignorant, although you can be punished. The old and the strong return, those who are not poor and connected accumulate, those who are invisible and have no pay, and those who are wise are unfilial. People have these three lines, although there are bigger mistakes, life is still not enough!
The gentleman's pursuit of profit is also slight, and its far-reaching harm is also early. He avoided humiliation and fear, and his behavior was brave. A gentleman's ambition is not poor, and he respects each other with wealth. Yan 'an is not lazy, tired or withered, but he is angry and happy. The gentleman is not poor in ambition, and the benevolent is also; Respect each other with wealth, kill also; Yan' an and blood are not bad, Cambodia is also; Tired but not withered, easy to make friends; Anger can't be taken away, joy can't be given, and law wins over private interests. The book says, "If you don't do well, follow Wang Zhidao. Do no evil, follow the way of the monarch. " It is said that a gentleman can overcome selfish desires with justice.
Notes on the title or background of a book.
The first paragraph: narrates people's attitude towards good and evil, and points out that only when a gentleman is a mentor to his relatives and friends can he succeed.
The second paragraph: talk about what is good and the specific methods to achieve it. This paper points out that it is recognized as good to improve moral character through self-cultivation, which must be completed under the restriction of ceremony, even if the specific method of self-cultivation is inseparable from ceremony and teacher.
The third paragraph: talking about the significance of good moral cultivation. It is pointed out that good moral cultivation can make people despise wealth and power, and such people can run rampant all over the world and turn the corner.
The fourth paragraph: It is not easy to cultivate one's morality. No matter a saint, a gentleman or a scholar, to achieve perfection, we must never stop. Knowing the true meaning of statutes is the basis of self-cultivation, and acting according to statutes can reflect the charm of self-cultivation
The fifth paragraph: The article emphasizes the important role of courtesy and teacher in self-cultivation and points out that a gentleman's good moral character can inspire the world and do things that ordinary people can't do under any circumstances. Xunzi believes that a gentleman is a person who is indifferent to fame and fortune, far-sighted, cherishes his reputation and dares to devote himself to his ideals. The way of university is to be moral, to be close to the people and to stop at perfection.
Zhi Zhi then has a decision, then he can be quiet, then he can be quiet, then he can be safe, then he can think about it, and then he can get it. Things start and end, and things end. If you know the order, you will find a shortcut.
If the ancient desire is obviously superior to the world, rule the country first; If you want to govern your country, you should first get your family together; If you want to reunite with your family, you should first repair your body; If you want to cultivate yourself, you should be upright first; If you want to be correct, be sincere first; If you want to be sincere, let him know first. Knowledge exists in things. Things are known, people know and are sincere, honest and upright, upright and self-cultivation, self-cultivation and self-cultivation, self-cultivation and self-cultivation, self-cultivation and governing the country, governing the country and leveling the world. From Tian Zi to Shu Ren, one is based on self-cultivation.
Its origin is chaotic, but the last one is not. Thick is thin, thin is thick, and there is nothing.
Translation:
The purpose of the university is to carry forward the aboveboard moral character, make people love and understand, and make people reach the most perfect state.
Only by knowing what you should achieve can you have a firm ambition; With determination, you can be calm and calm; Only when you are calm can you feel at ease; Only when you feel at ease can you think carefully; Thoughtful thinking can achieve the most perfect state.
Everything has roots and branches, and everything has a beginning and an end. Knowing this truth from beginning to end is close to the law of development of things.
In ancient times, if you want to carry forward the aboveboard character in the world, you must first manage your own country; To govern the country well, we must first govern the family and clan; If you want to manage your family and family well, you must first cultivate your own character; If you want to cultivate your character, you must first correct your mentality; If you want to correct your heart, you must first make your heart sincere; If you want to make your ideas sincere, you must first acquire knowledge; The way to acquire knowledge is to know and study everything. Knowledge can only be acquired through the understanding and research of everything; Only after acquiring knowledge can the mind be sincere; Sincere heart, square heart; With a correct mind, we can cultivate our own character; Only through the cultivation of character can we manage the family and family well; Only when the family and clan are well managed can the country be well managed; Only when the country is well governed can the world be peaceful.
From the head of state to the ordinary people, everyone should take self-cultivation as the foundation. If this is fundamentally disturbed, it is impossible for families, families, countries and the world to be well governed. You can't put the cart before the horse, and you want to do a good job regardless of priorities!
This is called grasping the root, and this is called the apex of knowledge. On Power, Pursuit and Cultivation
The original text of "cultivate one's morality"
Confucius said, "When the tiger comes out of the nest, the turtle destroys the jade in the rafters and worries about the wall." Shang Tang also said: "If Wan Fang is guilty, I will bow down." . Therefore, in order to succeed, powerful people must cultivate their bodies from four aspects: first, cultivate the spirit of tolerance; second, cultivate the wisdom of accepting advice; third, adhere to and serve the law; and fourth, cultivate the nature of greatness and integrity. People who allow ships will be respected; Rongchuan, all must be ministers; Let the sky be wise. On the contrary, people will blame those shallow people; Those who are narrow in quantity will be abandoned by all; If you measure jealousy, saints will be enemies. Gold is not full of red, people are not perfect, water is clear, there is no fish, and jade is flawless. Those who have cultivated the mind of mountains and rivers should be tolerant of people's flaws and seek virtue, negligence and kindness, arrogance and kindness, gossip and sincerity. The gap in a hole is enough to sink a ship; A needle is enough to break the stone. Therefore, those in power must listen to the opinions of others. In ancient times, kings who won or lost were blessed by good advice and cursed by bad advice. Those who are good at remonstrating are far from being successful, and their words are offensive and respectful; The evil admonisher, whose intention is close to benefit and easy to do, breaks his way, and his words are pleasing and retrograde. However, people who prefer goodness will be persuaded by them; Those who are partial to evil will retreat to advance and will be defeated by others. Therefore, those in power should be admonished, not to promise with good words, not to abolish evil deeds, but to observe everything in person to establish their own will, not to control others, not to defeat others. Those who stick to the law and serve the law will be strict with themselves, be strict with themselves, and be chaotic if they don't. If you don't follow the rules, you won't obey the public. If you don't follow the rules, you won't obey the public. If the public refuses to accept it, the law will not work, and if the law does not work, it will be uncertain; If you don't fight for it, you won't do it. If you don't do it, you won't stand up. In the above table, follow the law, determine the law and determine the situation; Then you believe, and if you believe, you want something, and if you want something, you will make a career. Therefore, those in power should abide by the law by showing the law and use the law to drive the public to protect the law. Laozi has a saying: "Because of its selflessness, it can be an individual". People with the most upright nature must be right to reward and punish demotions. Regular things will inspire people to do everything, and then everything will become private. There is a saying: people don't suffer from widowhood but suffer from inequality. Those who have the right to cultivate the nature of greatness, mediocrity and greatness deserve Xing Ping's kindness, diligence, poverty, laziness, ability, mediocrity, yes, no, goodness and evil.
Notes on the title or background of a book.
On Power and Seeking is a systematic management work that combines China's ancient and modern management thoughts. On Power and Self-cultivation mainly discusses the cultivation of leaders' charm. The advantage of this article is that managers should cultivate the charm of leaders by paying attention to "four aspects of cultivation", that is, they should have a broad mind, be good at listening to opinions, obey the law and have a fair character. "If the ancient desire is obviously superior to the world, govern the country first; If you want to govern your country, you should first get your family together; If you want to reunite with your family, you should first repair your body; If you want to cultivate yourself, you should be upright first; ..... The mind is right and then the body is repaired, and the body is repaired and then the family is neat, and the family is neat and then the country is ruled, and the country is flat. " (Book of Rites University) We can regard it as the highest and most perfect summary of the life value of a virtuous person. Reaching the highest state of "ruling the country and leveling the world" is naturally beyond human reach, but within the scope of our own business, we should regard it as a kind of value pursuit. And "self-cultivation" is the basic pursuit of being a man.
Confucian benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith are all related to self-cultivation. Self-cultivation is particularly reflected in The Analects. It is no exaggeration to say that part of The Analects is about "self-cultivation". Therefore, The Analects of Confucius can be called an encyclopedic ceremony to teach people to cultivate themselves. Whether in Japan, Singapore or Hong Kong, it is absolutely inappropriate for their schools to use The Analects as a self-cultivation textbook. They have foresight.
Self-cultivation, first, Xiu De, and second, cultivating wisdom and having both ability and political integrity is the ideal result of self-cultivation. And Xiu De's first task is to cultivate one's morality. Confucius said, "Disciple, if you enter, you will be filial; if you leave, you will be sincere; if you believe, you will believe; if you love others all the time, you will be kind. If you have extra energy, go to study literature. " It is said that we should understand "filial piety", "sincerity" and "benevolence" before learning literature, which clearly tells us that Xiu De should come first. "Benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and faithfulness" are called the "five permanents" of China's ethics, and Confucianism advocates "benevolence, righteousness, propriety and faithfulness" for Xiu De. Walking into The Analects of Confucius, you will find Xiu De's way everywhere. For example, "Be determined to be benevolent and do all kinds of evil." "A gentleman is figurative, and a villain is figurative." "see no evil, don't listen to evil, don't say evil, don't move." "Do you believe in making friends?" This has become a well-known saying. The Analects also warns us that solemnity, generosity, honesty, diligence and kindness (courtesy, tolerance, faithfulness, sensitivity and kindness) are the "five virtues" of human beings. Regarding the cultivation of wisdom, The Analects not only points out the correct attitude of "being eager to learn without being ashamed to ask questions" and the learning methods of "drawing inferences from others" and "drawing inferences from others", but also clarifies the relationship between book knowledge and practice. Confucius said that even if "reciting 300 poems", it can't be used in practice ("it is impossible to do it with politics and religion; What's the use ("although it's a lot, I also think")? Therefore, he advocates that scholars should be "practical gentlemen". He also taught readers not to be narrow in knowledge, but to be broad in knowledge, and put forward "swimming in art" (that is, learning "six arts": etiquette, music, archery, calligraphy and mathematics).
Thus, the evaluation of self-cultivation in The Analects of Confucius is quite high. Therefore, the Chinese nation has an old saying since ancient times: "From Tian Zi to Shu Ren, self-cultivation is the foundation" (Book of Rites). Schools are holy places for educating people. Self-cultivation is naturally the main task of the school. Both teachers and students should be "self-cultivation-oriented" and learn to be human.