1. Treat the world with compassion and persuade the world to be good.

2. Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism all demand to restrain people's sensory desires and advocate that people should not be bound and enslaved by physical instinct and return to natural peace of mind. All three religions regard peace of mind as the pursuit of life, and all preaching and practice are aimed at making people achieve peace of mind.

3. In terms of medical care, the three major religions have the following similarities:

First, it inherited and developed the thought of "treating before illness" in Huangdi Neijing, and put forward the theory of "nourishing nature", emphasizing that "those who nourish nature should be treated before illness".

Second: emphasize spiritual cultivation. "If you are sick, you know it. If you get sick, your heart disease will be cured. When you are calm, your body will also be quiet. When heart disease is still sick. "

Third: advocate diet aftercare. For example, it is suggested that "the food of the elderly should generally be warm, cooked and soft, and it should not be hard or cold". "Those who are good at treating diseases are not as good as those who are good at treating diseases; Good medicine tastes bitter than good food. "

Fourth: Pay attention to personal care. "The place to live, the place to sit and lie down, and the place to live at the banquet must be cleverly set up with a system."

Fifth: pay attention to drug support. For example, the medical treatment of the elderly should adopt the method of "nourishing", that is, the prescription of warming stomach and smoothing qi, tonifying deficiency and stimulating appetite in the middle can not complete diarrhea.

Sixth: emphasize not to indulge. "Anyone who feels that there is something under the sun must exercise restraint and not be exhausted, so that he can steal from himself."

Seventh: advocate keeping pace with the times. To "take care of the four seasons, follow the five elements to rest the king's spirit, be respectful and courteous, and be cautious."

4. Mind, the explanation of mind is basically the same among Taoism, Taoism and Confucianism. However, they have both similarities and differences in content and nature.

With regard to the homology and consistency of the three religions, almost all people in Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism come down to the nature of mind, and think that the research of the three religions is all around this issue. The "nature" of the heart, the left "heart" and the right "destiny" are explained in Shuo Wen Jie Zi: "Nature is also the yang of the heart." The masculine and positive function that people are born with is called sex. The Doctrine of the Mean explains: "The nature of destiny." It means that God endows people with the most fundamental nature, and the most fundamental function of our natural endowment is called sex. Sex refers to a person's natural and unpolluted heart.

Confucianism calls it "Dao Xin", "Tian Xin" and "Nature of Destiny", and the acquired heart is called "Heart" or "Human Heart" and "Nature of Temperament".

The so-called heart in Buddhism is the Sanskrit citta-prak? The free translation of Ti or cittada means the nature, reality, self-nature, self-nature and originality of the heart, which means that the heart is real and unchangeable, which can be understood as the unchangeable nature of the heart, or the true face of the heart that is not covered by subjective knowledge and troubles, or the mind body (the heart itself). The five explanations of "sex" in the book "The View of Maha" have three meanings: unchangeable, kind and practical (Buddha nature), like fire on bamboo. "Although you can't see it, you can't say nothing." Synonyms of nature of mind include nature of mind, nature of mind, truth of mind, reality of mind, essence of mind, purity of mind, sincerity, dharma mind, fundamental mind, hidden mind of Tathagata and authenticity. Han Buddhism inherited the theory of Mahayana Buddhism, paying special attention to the theory of mind and nature, which is related to the local cultural tradition in China.

The theory of the unity of the three religions since the Song Dynasty holds that the purpose of the three religions is the same on the issue of mind and nature. This view is common in society, especially among the middle and lower intellectuals, and it has its reasons, but it is not accurate from an academic point of view.

Objectively speaking, although there are differences in the theory of mind and nature of the three religions, they also have similarities, which only constitute a ladder structure from low to high.

Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism have similarities in mind, but also differences in content and nature.

The Confucian method of mind and nature is a way of self-cultivation and psychological adjustment, which belongs to the category of ethics and psychology. It is very practical and easy to do, but it can only be a gentleman and a saint between people, which belongs to the so-called multiplication of people in Buddhism.

Taoist Neidan's method of mind and nature aims at longevity, which is more difficult than Confucian's. It belongs to the so-called heavenly ride in Buddhism, and belongs to the secular law that can't transcend the three realms like Confucianism.

Buddhism, especially Zen Buddhism, aims to get rid of nirvana, transcend life and death, and even become a Buddha. Practice has proved to be the most difficult. In Buddhism, the five-multiplication forms a ladder structure, in which the next multiplication is superior, the human multiplication is heavenly multiplication, the human multiplication is Hinayana, the Hinayana is Mahayana, and the Mahayana is secret multiplication. The three schools of mind and nature are different and can be integrated. The mind of Confucianism and Taoism is connected with the multiplication of Buddhism and Taoism, which can be used as the basis of practicing Buddhism. Buddhism, especially Zen's mind and nature method, has also influenced Confucianism and Taoism for a long time.

As far as the ultimate goal of Buddhism is to become a Buddha, it can be said to be religious, but its practice is completely super-religious and super-Buddhist, a way of psychological exercise, a profound study of the soul and a thorough development of self-potential, which can be classified into the field of transpersonal psychology. That is, the goal of becoming a Buddha is essentially the conscious sublimation of the soul and the conscious evolution of life. Mind cultivation can be carried out in temples and meditation halls, not necessarily in temples and meditation halls, but in secular life. The so-called "Buddha is in the world and inseparable from the world" takes family and society as meditation halls. Professional monks and nuns who shave their hair and wear robes can be repaired, but people in officialdom, shopping malls and cultural fields, businessmen of workers, peasants and soldiers, men, women and children can't be repaired. Buddhist disciples can practice, non-Buddhist disciples and even heretics can practice.

Second, Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism.

1. Confucian culture

On the one hand, Confucian culture emphasizes "divination" and is full of vigorous masculinity, strong sense of social responsibility and gentleman spirit of self-improvement. It can best express the spirit of the Chinese nation, that is, the spirit of claiming to be the descendant of the dragon (Mu, Shaoyang), so it has always been the mainstream culture of China society, because the society needs this culture that actively undertakes education, management and construction.

Confucianism is self-cultivation, governing the country and protecting the people, which is the source. A lot of regulations added by later generations to consolidate power and satisfy the desires of rulers are not counted.

2. Taoism

Taoism emphasizes yin, and Laozi said, "Know your male and keep your female", and the female is yin; He also said that "goodness is like water" and water is yin. Taoism applies female spirit to all aspects.

Taoism can be traced back to Laozi, and its main branches are the legalist Han Feizi, the grandson of a military strategist, and Sean, who are a little different from the first three. Strictly speaking, Confucius is also a branch.

Confucianism and Taoism are complementary cultures. Kings of all dynasties were "Confucianism outside and Taoism inside", and used Confucian culture to educate ordinary people to be good people in order to maintain a stable social order. When he manages his own society, he uses the Taoist spirit of "doing nothing and doing everything". Taoists talk about intrigue, politics, how to use people and how to govern people. In fact, the emperor mostly used Taoism, but it was unfair to speak and put Taoism in a lower position than Confucianism.

3. Buddhism

After the introduction of Buddhism in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the traditional culture of China gradually formed a ternary pattern of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, which was called "three religions" by the ancients. There were hundreds of other schools before that. After the freezing of the three religions, some of the other hundred schools gradually disappeared, and some merged into the three religions.

Third, the differences between Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism

1. Buddhists say "transcendence"; Taoists talk about "being born"; Confucianism stresses "WTO entry"

Buddhism advocates "no life" and believes that reality is a sea of human suffering. There is nothing you can do about people in reality, so you have to endure and be detached-that is, "detached." To be patient and detached, we must give up all kinds of desires, pursue the "sea of suffering" beyond the cycle of life and death, and enter nirvana (a blissful world without suffering). Buddhism advocates abandoning the pursuit of realistic material and paying attention to spiritual cultivation and yearning for the afterlife.

Taoism believes that personal cultivation and even the promotion of the immortal Ming Dow lies in personal cultivation, which has nothing to do with others, and advocates staying away from the crowd and finding a place to practice in the mountains. The cultivation method of Taoism also fully embodies the Taoist thought of "being born". Taoism uses inner Dan and outer Dan to practice. The so-called inner Dan is qigong, while the outer Dan is an elixir of life. The cultivation of inner Dan and outer Dan is a personal secret and needs to be far away from society. Therefore, Taoism advocates "birth".

Confucianism advocates participation in society and that individual self-improvement can only be realized in the process of participating in society. For example, the life goal of Confucianism is to "cultivate one's morality, keep one's family in harmony, and rule the country and level the world", which in fact closely links one's own development with one's contribution to family and society. Therefore, Confucianism advocates "joining the WTO".

2. Buddhists attach importance to psychology; Taoism emphasizes physiology; Confucian redone

Buddhism has many levels of analysis and explanation of "heart", and many metaphors are used to explain our hearts, thus teaching us how to discover, feel at ease and purify our hearts. The western meaning of "psychology" is "knowledge to explain the mind", and later it is extended to "behavioral science to study human problems". This development and evolution is in line with Buddhism's explanation of cosmic life, and the so-called "mind can give birth to all kinds of laws." Buddhism summarizes everything in the world from the perspective of mind and nature, and makes a fundamental discussion and explanation of human behavior. Therefore, Buddhism has already built a mature psychological knowledge system. Almost all Buddhist teachings are intimate, which can be seen everywhere in many Confucian classics, among which the analysis of human spirit with "knowledge-only learning" is the most modern psychological color.

Taoism advocates taking life as truth and pursuing longevity and immortality. Taoism believes that human life is composed of vitality, and the body is the residence of the spirit. To live forever, we must cultivate both form and spirit, that is, "internal cultivation" and "external cultivation"

Confucianism is a kind of etiquette, which requires how to be a man and what everyone should do. Confucianism advocates "preserving justice and eliminating human desires". Even if we cut our feet and fit our shoes, we need people to adapt to the rules of patriarchal society, that is, "cultivating self, governing the country and leveling the world".

Buddhism stresses purity, Taoism stresses quietness and Confucianism stresses respect.

Buddhists talk about cultivating the mind, Taoists talk about practicing the spirit, and Confucianism talks about self-cultivation. People who really seek the Tao are indispensable.

3. Characteristics of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism

Buddhism combines ethics and utility, reason and witchcraft, revealing a unique wisdom of survival and tact in dealing with people. Contrary to Buddhism and Taoism, their recluse and lofty style especially likes purdue sentient beings and pays attention to "three fair quilts". Just like our modern compulsory education, Buddhism also likes to popularize their compulsory education. Buddhism advocates that "everyone has Buddha nature, and everyone can become a Buddha" and "all beings are blessed". This popular style of Buddhism makes Buddhism widely spread in China and even the whole world, and its development and spread are relatively fast.

Taoism retains more elements of primitive religion, which is quite witchcraft and more suitable for the needs of the bottom people at that time. In the process of inheritance, Taoism has gradually moved towards a relatively hidden road. Taoism doesn't like to do the work of "universal education", that is, it doesn't pay much attention to "universal compulsory education" for all. Taoist disciples pay special attention to their "roots", that is, the so-called "talent." Your roots are bad. If you weren't cut out for this, Taoism wouldn't accept you as an apprentice.

Confucianism, on the other hand, has the characteristics of ethics or moral religion to a great extent. Confucianism is mainly an educational scholar. They don't live in seclusion like Taoism and don't like Buddhism. They mainly spread doctrines and ideas through school education, so Confucian disciples are often "scholars".

It should be noted that the word "religion" of "three religions" has different meanings: Buddhism is an unquestionable religion, and Buddhism refers to Buddhist culture; Taoism and Taoism have similarities and differences, because Taoism refers to the study of Laozi and Zhuangzi, and Taoism was not founded by Laozi himself. For Confucianism as a humanistic religion, due to the lack of religious forms, some people only admit that Confucian culture has a religious nature.

4. Differences in practice methods

In terms of practice methods, Buddhist practice methods are more diverse. The so-called "48,000 Dharmas" is Buddhist practice. There is a saying that Taoist practice also comes from Buddhism. This does not pursue it, but it also shows to some extent that there are many Buddhist practice methods. People often see Buddhists chanting "Amitabha" as a method of practice, which is called "chanting Buddha". Buddhist chanting is the most popular method in Buddhism today.

The practice method of Taoism is to pay attention to the cultivation of mind, that is, to the tempering and self-cultivation of mind. Taoist practice is mostly chosen in secluded places in the mountains, and it is often difficult for ordinary people to see Taoist priests.

Confucianism often regards reading itself as a method of practice. The Confucian cloud says, "You are full of poetry", which means that if you study and work properly, you will become very energetic, your physical quality and temperament will be greatly optimized, and you will look handsome and magnificent.