Reprinted from: Fubaoge Teahouse Website-Famous Historian
Jiao ran
Gao SengJiao Ran, who loved tea in Tang Dynasty, not only knew, loved and enjoyed tea, but also created a large number of tea poems full of charm. It is a great contribution to the development of tea culture in Tang Dynasty and later generations to explore the art of tea drinking and advocate tea tasting with the poems of Cha Sheng Lu Yu as the reward.
Bai Juyi wrote many tea poems. However, before Bai Juyi, there was also a monk who loved tea in the Tang Dynasty, who wrote many tea poems, no less than Bai Juyi. He, Jiao Ran and Jiao Ran not only love, know and enjoy tea, but also often make peace with Lu Yu with poems, and jointly advocate the way of tea tasting instead of wine, which is beneficial to the development of tea culture in Tang Dynasty.
Be well read and write good poems.
Jiao Ran, a native of Huzhou Great Wall (now Xing Wu County, Zhejiang Province), is the tenth grandson of Xie Lingyun, a landscape realist poet in the Southern Dynasties. He lived in Shangyuan and Zhenyuan years (760-804 AD) and was a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. Believing in Buddhism in his early years, he became a monk in Lingyin Temple in Hangzhou in the later period of Tianbao, and then moved to Wucheng, Huzhou. Jiao Ran is well-read, not only proficient in Buddhist classics, but also dabble in classics and history of various schools. He is elegant and beautiful, especially good at poetry. His works are quite abundant, including ten volumes of Yi Shan Ji, five volumes of Shi Shi, three volumes of Shi Ping, Biography of Friends of Confucianism and Buddhism, Classic Collection and Hao Yunzi.
Knowing Cha Sheng, Lu Yu became the best friend.
Lu Yu came to Xing Wu in the second year from Tang Suzong to Germany (AD 757), lived in Miaoxi Temple, and met Jiao Ran, becoming "friends who have never met before". (The new Biography of Talented Talents in Tang Dynasty and Biography of Jiao Ran in Yuan Dynasty contain: "I went in and out of the Tao, went out of the mountain, and lived in Miaoxi Temple with Lu Yu." Autobiography of Lu Yu: ... and Xing Wu's interpretation of Jiao Ran is at the turn of the century. 」)
Later, Lu Yu built a tea pavilion next to Miaoxi Temple, which was completed in the eighth year of Dali in Tang Daizong (AD 773) with the full assistance of Jiao Ran and Yan Zhenqing, the secretariat of Huzhou at that time. It was named "Sangui Pavilion" because the time coincided with Guihai Day in the year of Guimao. Jiao Ran also wrote a poem, entitled "Feng Shi Jun Zhen Qing and Lu Deng Temple West Santing". The poem says, "There are many mountains in autumn, but the pillars stay. Xiuge calendar three decyl, sparse toes adjacent to the temple. Yuan Yin, Jun Chu Gao. It is best to cure hazel, and whip grass cures fragrant ears. Lean on the water and force the sky to sweep the peak. The environment is fresh, and things are different. Leaning on the stone and forgetting the world helps the cloud to get the true meaning. Jialin was fortunate not to be beheaded, and the Zen couple were fortunate to be sheltered. The Minister of Health and Law said the tour group was great. Longtan is clear, and the tiger is deep. I just want to reach my peak, but I haven't remembered it today. " His poems recorded the grand gathering of the British people that day, praising the ingenious conception and orderly layout of the Sangui Pavilion, which combined the flowers, trees and rocks in the pavilion pool with the towering temples and the towering natural scenery of Tuoshan, and was unusually quiet. At that time, people called Lu Yu's pavilion, Yan Zhenqing's inscription and Jiao Ran's poems "three wonders", which became a story for a while, and Sangui Pavilion became one of the scenic spots in Huzhou at that time.
Jiao Ran and Lu Yu have a profound friendship, which can be seen from the tea poems left by Jiao Ran in search of Lu Yu. Looking for land in Danyang, Chu Shi has never met: "I am a little disappointed because I have never returned from a long trip. Knocking on the door all day, no one is there, smiling and walking around the house. The cold flowers are lonely and desolate, and the willow color is rustling and worrying. Pedestrians are countless strangers, independent of Yunyang ancient post office. Thinking of this temple in Fengchi Mountain, I forgot to return to the boat at the entrance of Yugan Village. Back on the boat, there was no cold smoke, and the centrifugal running water was leisurely. We can set a date another day, and we will be idle for several years! " Lu Yu's secluded life is carefree, comfortable and erratic, which makes Jiao Ran often visit the corner. The poem conveys Jiao Ran's melancholy mood caused by his visit to Lu Yu, melts the scenery with emotion, and adds a sense of disappointment to his heart. "Give a dripping rain at night to send Lu Yu back to Huilong Mountain in an empty walk": "The dripping rain at night is partial to other feelings. Intermittently clear apes should drop, and the museum is empty. Anger annoys you, just like early autumn. Back to Longshan Road, there is a mixed wind in the east. In the poem "Send Lu Yu back to Longshan", although the language is implicit, it is profound and meaningful. " Interview with Chu Shi Feather: "On the east-west road of Taihu Lake, in front of Wuzhu Gu Shan, I am proud that I don't think about myself. When you enjoy spring tea in He Shan, you won't get spring water. Just rough waves, long fishing boats. A few words, such as "enjoying spring tea", "making spring springs" and "leisurely fishing boats", clearly outline the life atmosphere of Lu Yu when he lived in seclusion. From the many poems written by Jiao Ran and Lu Yu during their communication, we can not only know the deep friendship between these two "friends who have forgotten the past year", but also use these poems as important materials to study Lu Yu's life story.
Don't want to know each other better.
Jiao Ran is indifferent to fame and fortune, frank and open-minded, and doesn't like the stereotype of being sent to say hello. He said in "Giving Wei to Create Lu Language": "If you only give Tao and Xie, you can forget your feelings all day. If you don't want to know more, you will be lazy. " Wei and Lu are compared to Tao Yuanming and Xie Lingyun in the poem, which shows that Jiao Ran doesn't want to make more friends. Getting along with Zhuo Wei and Lu Yu is enough. "I don't want to know more, and I'm too lazy to know everyone." If this is true, Tao Yuanming's personality is great. "I'm drunk and want to sleep. I'm leaving." "The true nature.
Tea tasting is an indispensable hobby in anxious life. "Drinking Tianmushan tea for Lu Xun is the reason to send you to Yuan": "I like meeting friends. When the wild guest tea was first opened, it grew into Tokyo leaves, and the buds of Beishan were exposed. The smell of slow fire is better than that of cold spring, and the taste of cold spring is better. I poured it into a bowl and picked flowers. Stay close to the Zen Sutra, and you will sleep online when chatting. Knowing that you are in heaven is endless. " Sheng Yuan, a friend, sent Tianmushan tea, and Jiao Ran happily thanked him with poems, describing the pleasure of sharing Tianmushan tea with Lu Xun and other friends. Li Shaofu said, "Cut off the monk's family affairs and live in seclusion in Nanchi. In order to pity the longevity of pine nuts, I also read Taoist books There are often no customers in yiguang, and the tea bottles are all one person. Sometimes I invite anecdotes to eat wild vegetables. Drinking tea, reading and eating wild vegetables, though simple, are the secrets of Jiao Ran's health.
In addition, Jiao Ran's concern for tea is no less than that of Lu Yu's "Gu Ji Pei": "There is a cloud spring beside Zhushan, and tea in the mountain is quite related. Birds sing and grass withers, and the mountain family gradually wants to pick tea. Shrike flies to the grass every day, and it's time for the monk to pick tea. Not far from the origin, the yin ridge is long and the yang cliff is shallow. The lower leaves of the great cold mountain are not born, and the middle of the small cold mountain begins to roll. Wu Wan is carrying a delicate birdcage and wearing fragrant spring clothes. At first, the lost mountain was in chaos, and birds flew in panic when crossing the water. It's not far from home. I picked the dew and it was still dripping when I came back. At first glance, I was afraid to cheat Yu Ying, and I even took the decoction to win the gold liquid. It rained in Xifeng last night. How about finding a new tea in the morning? There are many rare purple bamboo shoots in Yao city. Who knows the green shoots of purple bamboo shoots? It's too late to pick them at sunset. What do you think of this fragrance? The poem records in detail the growing environment of tea trees, the harvest season and method, and the relationship between the quality and color of tea, which is the historical data for studying the tea affair in Huzhou at that time.
The layman is full of alcohol, who can help the tea smell?
Lu Yu's Tea Classic played an advocacy role in the tea culture and tea literature creation in the middle Tang Dynasty, and Lu Yu's Jiao Ran was an expert in tea literature creation in this period. Jiao Ran's tea poems and tea poems clearly reflect the characteristics of tea culture activities and the trend of tea literature creation in this period. "Nine Days and Luyu Tea": "Jiuri Mountain Temple, Dongli Chrysanthemum is also yellow; The laity is full of wine, who can help tea. " In the poem, tea is advocated to replace wine, and laity still uses wine to replace wine. Jiao Ran, who knows the fragrance of tea, seems to have a unique tea flavor. "It's dark and windy in the moon and high in the night, and people at sea in Shili Royal Mansion gather Pan Shu and Tang Heng to drink tea": "It's dark and windy in the moon and high in the night, and there is no moon, whose director Qin Xuan has not opened. The hermit in the east of the city is here, and the monks come from Qi. Tea loves to pass on flowers and drinks, and poetry is like a volume. When the wind is high, Xiao Jing will linger repeatedly. " Will describe the elegance of hermits and monks drinking tea and reciting poems. He has a poem "Tea Songs for Zheng Rong", which says: "Jade people in Danqiu despise jade food and gather tea for their wings. No one knows the fairy mansion, but the rigid cloud palace people don't know it. The boy in Yunshan tuned the golden bell, and the Chu people were named after the tea classics. In the frost, the grass is broken and the flowers are long. It is often said that this tea can cure my illness and make people anxious. In the morning, before the incense burner is finished, I will step on the tiger stream and sing a song to send you out. " In the poem, Jiao Ran worships drinking tea, emphasizing that the efficacy of drinking tea can not only get rid of illness and annoyance, but also get rid of the clouds and soar.
In his poem "Singing Tea Songs with Cui Shi as a Prince", he said: "The more people stay in my stream for a cup of tea, the more I get a golden bud. The snow-colored fragrance of plain porcelain is like the nectar of a fairy. Drinking it will make you sleepy and cheerful. Drink my god again, and suddenly add flying rain to sprinkle light dust; After three drinks, you will get the word. Why bother? This thing is noble and unknown to the world. The world drinks too much and deludes itself. Worried about watching the night between Bi Zhuo urns, laughing at Tao Qian's hedging. Cui Hou took a sip of his crazy song. Who knows that the tea ceremony is all true, only Dan Qiu did it. This poem was improvised when Jiao Ran and his good friend Cui Cishi had a cup of Yuezhou tea together. The poem eulogizes the rich and meaningful aroma and nectar-like taste of Tongxi tea (produced in Shengxian County, Zhejiang Province), and vividly describes the feelings of one drink, two drinks and three drinks, which is similar to Lu Tong's tea songs. The whole poem also aims to advocate replacing wine with tea and explore the artistic realm of drinking tea. Jiao Ran's unique artistic style of exploring the artistic conception of tea tasting in tea poems had a subtle and positive influence on the creation of tea poems in the middle and late Tang Dynasty.
Jiao Ran is Lu Yu's mentor and friend with the longest communication time and deepest friendship in his life. The frugal tea tasting custom advocated by them in Huzhou had a great influence on the tea culture in the late Tang Dynasty and played a great role in the development of tea art, tea literature and tea culture in later generations.