Children are the future of the motherland and the hope of the nation. In recent years, due to the popularity of mobile phones, computers and other products with electronic screens (hereinafter referred to as electronic products) and the increasing burden of primary and secondary school students in and out of class, the myopia rate of children and adolescents in China remains high and shows an upward trend, and myopia is becoming younger and more serious, which has become a big problem related to the future of the country and the nation. Prevention and control of myopia requires the joint efforts of the government, schools, medical and health institutions, families, students and other aspects, and the whole society needs to take action to protect children's eyes. According to the deployment of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, in order to comprehensively prevent and control myopia of children and adolescents, the following implementation plan is proposed.
I. Objectives
By 20xx, we will strive to reduce the overall myopia rate of children and adolescents in China by more than 0.5 percentage points per year on the basis of 20xx, and reduce it by more than 1 percentage point per year in provinces with high myopia incidence.
By 2030, the rate of new myopia among children and adolescents in China will be significantly reduced, and the overall level of vision health of children and adolescents will be significantly improved. The myopia rate of 6-year-old children is controlled at about 3%, the myopia rate of primary school students is reduced to below 38%, the myopia rate of junior high school students is reduced to below 60%, the myopia rate of senior high school students is reduced to below 70%, and the excellent rate of national student physical health standards is over 25%.
Two. Actions by all concerned parties
(1) family
Family is very important for children's growth. Parents should understand the knowledge of scientific eye care and set an example to help their children develop good eye habits. 0-6 years old is a critical period for children's visual development, and parents should pay attention to children's early vision protection.
Increase outdoor activities and exercise. Letting children spend more time outdoors in the sun can effectively prevent and control myopia. It is necessary to create a good family sports atmosphere, actively guide children to engage in outdoor activities or physical exercise, and expose children to natural light for more than 60 minutes every day. Children already suffering from myopia should further increase outdoor activities to delay the development of myopia. Encourage and support children to participate in various forms of sports activities such as sports winter camps and summer camps, master 1-2 sports skills, and guide children to develop lifelong exercise habits. Supervise children to finish their homework in winter and summer vacation.
Control the use of electronic products. Parents should minimize the use of electronic products when accompanying their children. Consciously control the use of electronic products by children, especially preschool children, for no more than 15 minutes each time and no more than 1 hour every day, so as to avoid excessive use of electronic products by children in learning and entertainment activities.
Reduce the burden of extracurricular study. Cooperate with the school to effectively reduce the burden on children, reasonably choose extracurricular training according to children's hobbies, and prevent blind participation in training. Resolutely avoid reducing the burden on schools and families, not asking for interest, and following the trend.
Avoid bad eye behavior. Children are not allowed to read books or electronic products while walking, eating, in bed, in a rickety carriage, in dim light or in direct sunlight. Supervise and correct children's bad reading and writing posture at any time, and keep "one foot, one punch and one inch", that is, the distance between eyes and books is about one foot, the distance between chest and desk is about one punch, the distance between fingers holding pens and nib is about one inch, and continuous reading and writing with eyes does not exceed 40 minutes.
Ensure sleep and nutrition. Ensure children's sleep time, and ensure that primary school students sleep 10 hours a day, junior high school students sleep for 9 hours, and senior high school students sleep for 8 hours. Let children eat more nutritious meals such as fish, fruits and green vegetables, which are good for eyesight and health.
Do early detection and early intervention. Pay attention to the signs of children's abnormal vision, and take them to an eye medical institution in time when they know that they need to sit in the front row of the class to see the blackboard clearly, keep close to the screen when watching TV, complain about headaches or eye fatigue, and often rub their eyes. Scientific intervention and myopia correction should be carried out according to the doctor's advice, and optometry or other corrective measures should be taken to avoid aggravating myopia due to incorrect optometry. Always pay attention to indoor lighting, and choose and use lighting products according to corresponding standards.
(2) School
Reduce students' academic burden. Strictly implement the national curriculum plan and curriculum standards, carry out normal teaching in strict accordance with the "zero starting point", pay attention to improving classroom teaching efficiency, and do not arbitrarily increase or decrease class hours, change the difficulty or adjust the progress. Strengthen the overall management of the number, time and content of homework by grade groups and subject groups. There is no written homework in the first and second grades of primary school, and it takes no more than 60 minutes to complete the written homework in the third to sixth grades, and no more than 90 minutes in junior high school. Paper work should be used in principle. Improve the quality of homework design, promote students to complete basic homework, strengthen practical homework, reduce mechanical and repetitive training, and prevent students' homework from evolving into parent homework.
Strengthen examination management. We will comprehensively promote the full coverage of compulsory education schools in the vicinity. Strictly control the number of examinations in the compulsory education stage. The number of examinations per semester in the first and second grades of primary school shall not exceed 1 time, and the number of examinations per semester in other grades shall not exceed 2 times. It is strictly forbidden to publish students' test scores and rankings in various forms; It is strictly forbidden to use the award-winning certificates of various competitions, academic competition results or grade certificates as the basis for enrollment; It is strictly forbidden to organize examinations to select students in various names.
Improve the visual environment. Improve teaching facilities and conditions, provide students with a learning environment that meets the requirements of eye hygiene, strictly follow the construction standards of ordinary primary and secondary schools, implement the lighting requirements of classrooms, dormitories and libraries (reading rooms), and use lighting equipment that is conducive to vision health. The compliance rate of school classroom lighting hygiene standard is 100%. According to the lighting situation of the classroom and the changes of students' eyesight, the students' seats are adjusted once a month, and the height of students' desks and chairs is adjusted separately every semester to adapt to the growth and development of students. Accelerate the elimination of the phenomenon of "large classes".
Adhere to eye care measures such as eye exercises. Primary and secondary schools should strictly organize all students to do 1 eye exercises every morning and afternoon, and conscientiously implement the eye exercises process. Teachers should urge students to sit up straight when reading and writing, supervise and correct students' bad reading and writing posture at any time, and remind students to abide by the requirements of "one foot, one punch and one inch".
Strengthen outdoor physical exercise. Strengthen physical education class and extracurricular exercise to ensure that primary and secondary school students spend more than 1 hour in physical activity every day. Strictly implement the national physical education and health curriculum standards, and ensure that the first and second grades of primary schools have 4 class hours per week, the third to sixth grades, junior high schools have 3 class hours per week, and senior high schools have 2 class hours per week. Primary and secondary schools arrange 30 minutes of big recess sports activities every day. Schools and teachers should organize and urge students to go outdoors or overlook during recess according to the principle of combining static with dynamic and alternating distance, so as to prevent students from continuing fatigue and using their eyes. Fully implement the system of students' sports homework in winter and summer vacations, and supervise and inspect students' completion.
Rational use of electronic products. Guide students to use electronic products scientifically and standardize, and develop good study habits and eye hygiene habits under the information environment. The time to control the use of electronic products to carry out teaching shall not exceed 30% of the total teaching time in principle.
Conduct regular vision monitoring. Primary schools should receive the electronic files of children's and adolescents' vision health transferred by medical and health institutions, ensure that each person has one file, and transfer them in real time with the change of student status. Strictly implement the system of students' physical examination and twice-yearly vision monitoring, give warning education to students with abnormal vision, prescribe personal exercise prescriptions and health care prescriptions for them, promptly inform parents to take students to ophthalmic medical institutions for examination, report and statistically analyze the detection rate and new incidence of students' poor vision, and cooperate with medical and health institutions to carry out vision screening. Schools and medical and health institutions shall promptly record the results of vision monitoring and screening in the electronic files of children and adolescents' vision health. When it is found that students can't see the blackboard clearly and often rub their eyes, the teacher should know the students' eyesight.
Strengthen the management of vision health. Establish a vision health management team with school leaders, class teachers, school doctors (health care teachers), students' vision protection Committee members and volunteers as a whole, and clarify and refine their responsibilities. Integrate myopia prevention and control knowledge into classroom teaching, students' daily behavior norms and campus culture. Strengthen the strength of the infirmary (clinic, school hospital, clinic, etc.). ), and equipped with school doctors and necessary medical equipment according to the standard. Actively use school closed-circuit television, radio, publicity columns, parent-teacher conferences and other forms to carry out scientific eye care health education for students and parents.
Kindergarten "primary school" is prohibited. Strictly implement the "Guide to Learning and Development for Children Aged 3-6", attach importance to the value of life and games for the growth of children aged 3-6, and prohibit "primary school" teaching. Ensure that children have more than 2 hours of outdoor activities every day, and boarding kindergartens shall not be less than 3 hours. According to the characteristics of the region, season and school age, provide children with nutritious meals that are conducive to vision health and promote vision protection.
(3) Medical and health institutions
Create a vision file. Strictly implement the requirements of the national basic public health service for eye care and vision examination for children aged 0-6, so as to achieve early detection and early intervention. Since 20xx, the annual coverage rate of eye care and vision examination for children aged 0-6 years has reached over 90%. On the basis of examination, the electronic files of children's and adolescents' vision health are established and updated in time, and transferred in real time with children and adolescents entering school. With the cooperation of the school, the primary and secondary school students' vision screening will be carried out seriously, and the electronic files of vision health will be updated in time after abnormal vision or suspicious eye diseases are screened out.
Standardize diagnosis and treatment. General hospitals at or above the county level generally carry out ophthalmic medical services, conscientiously implement the guidelines for the prevention and treatment of myopia and other diagnostic and therapeutic norms, and continuously improve the ability of eye health services. According to the visual symptoms of children and adolescents, carry out scientific optometry and related examinations, make a clear diagnosis and standardize correction according to the norms of diagnosis and treatment. Children and adolescents with myopia should be followed up according to the doctor's advice so as to adjust and take appropriate preventive and therapeutic measures in time. Children and adolescents with high myopia or pathological myopia should be fully informed of the harm of the disease and reminded to take preventive measures to avoid or reduce the harm of complications. Formulate follow-up intervention measures, check and correct the situation in time and record it in the electronic file of children and adolescents' vision health. Actively carry out research on myopia prevention and treatment, and strengthen the application of scientific research results and technologies for myopia prevention and treatment. Give full play to the role of traditional Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of myopia in children and adolescents, formulate and implement a comprehensive treatment plan of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine, and popularize the application of characteristic technologies and methods of traditional Chinese medicine.
Strengthen health education. In view of people's lack of knowledge on prevention and treatment of myopia and insufficient understanding of the seriousness of myopia's harm to health, we should give play to the guiding role of experts such as ophthalmology, optometry, disease prevention and control, and traditional Chinese medicine, take the initiative to go into schools, communities, and families, actively publicize and popularize popular science knowledge on vision health, and prevent myopia in children and adolescents. Strengthen nutrition and health publicity and education, and carry out nutrition and health guidance and services according to local conditions. Promote the construction of healthy cities.
(4) Students
Strengthen health awareness. Every student should strengthen the consciousness that "everyone is the first responsible person for his own health", actively learn and master health knowledge such as scientific eye protection, and publicize it to parents. Pay close attention to your eyesight actively, inform your parents and teachers in time when you feel that your eyesight has changed obviously, and go to an eye medical institution for examination and treatment as soon as possible.
Develop healthy habits. Consciously abide by the requirements of school myopia prevention and control, seriously standardize eye exercises, maintain correct reading and writing posture, actively participate in physical exercise and outdoor activities, participate in moderate-intensity physical activities more than three times a week, develop a good lifestyle, do not stay up late, eat less sugar, be picky about food, and reduce the use of electronic products.
(5) Relevant departments
Ministry of education. Accelerate the revision of the Regulations on School Health Work. A national steering committee for health education in primary and secondary schools and universities was set up to guide local education administrative departments and schools to scientifically carry out school health education such as prevention and control of myopia among children and adolescents, carry out pilot projects for comprehensive prevention and control of myopia among children and adolescents, and strengthen demonstration and guidance. Further improve the development system and system of school sports, constantly improve the school sports venues and facilities, speed up the construction of physical education teachers, focus on "teaching" (imparting health knowledge and sports skills), "training" (regular after-school training and regular sports homework) and "competition" (extensive class, grade and inter-school sports competitions), deepen the reform of school sports, and actively promote the construction of campus sports projects. Promote local education administrative departments to strengthen the construction of institutions such as primary and secondary health centers, and strengthen personnel and equipment in accordance with standards and requirements. Encourage institutions of higher learning, especially medical colleges, to set up optometry, health management and other related majors, train professionals in myopia prevention and vision health management, and actively carry out research on vision health management of children and adolescents. In conjunction with relevant departments, conduct special supervision and inspection on the allocation of full-time health technicians such as school doctors throughout the country. In conjunction with relevant departments, we will resolutely standardize and standardize off-campus training institutions, and conduct full-coverage special inspections on classrooms, lighting, desks and chairs, and electronic products of off-campus training institutions every year.
National health and wellness committee. Comprehensively strengthen the national monitoring network, data collection and information construction of children and adolescents' visual health and related risk factors. In conjunction with the Ministry of Education, we will establish a national team of experts on myopia prevention and vision health for children and adolescents, give full play to the role of health, education, sports and other departments, mass organizations and social organizations, and scientifically guide myopia prevention and vision health management for children and adolescents. Before the end of 20xx, relevant mandatory standards will be jointly issued with relevant departments. The fonts and papers of textbooks, teaching AIDS, newspapers and other printed materials and publications for children and adolescents should be conducive to the protection of eyesight. The health department shall, jointly with relevant departments, adopt the method of "double randomness" (randomly selecting health supervisors, schools, kindergartens and off-campus training institutions) to conduct spot checks, record and publish the classrooms (teaching places) of schools, kindergartens and off-campus training institutions.
General administration of sports. Actively guide and support social forces to carry out various sports activities for children and adolescents, carry out various winter and summer camps, training camps and sports events in a targeted manner, attract children and adolescents to participate in sports extensively, and mobilize social sports instructors at all levels to provide guidance for the majority of children and adolescents to participate in physical exercise. Continue to promote the opening of various public sports facilities to children.
Ministry of Finance. Reasonable arrangements for investment, and actively support the relevant departments to carry out comprehensive prevention and treatment of myopia in children and adolescents.
Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. In conjunction with the Ministry of Education and the National Health and Wellness Committee, we will improve the professional title evaluation policy for doctors, health teachers and health education teachers in primary and secondary schools and universities.
SARFT and other departments. Make use of the functions of radio and television, newspapers, internet and new media to publicize the knowledge of myopia prevention and treatment at multiple levels and angles.
Preventing and controlling myopia in children and adolescents is a systematic project. All relevant departments should care, support and participate in the work of protecting children's and adolescents' eyesight, and create a good atmosphere of government-led, departmental cooperation, expert guidance, school education and family care in the whole society, so that every child can have a pair of bright eyes and a bright future.
Third, strengthen the assessment.
The people's governments of all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) are responsible for the implementation of prevention and control measures for myopia among children and adolescents in the region, and the main leaders should personally take charge and take overall responsibility. The State Council signed letters of responsibility with provincial people's governments to comprehensively strengthen the prevention and control of myopia among children and adolescents, and local people's governments at all levels signed letters of responsibility step by step. The prevention and control of myopia of children and adolescents, the overall myopia rate and physical health status will be included in the government performance appraisal indicators, and it is strictly forbidden for local people's governments at all levels to assess education administrative departments and schools simply by student test scores and school enrollment rate. Incorporate vision health into quality education, and incorporate children's physical and mental health and schoolwork burden into the national compulsory education quality monitoring and evaluation system. If children's physical health declines for three consecutive years, local governments and schools shall be held accountable according to laws and regulations.
Establish a national myopia prevention and control evaluation system for children and adolescents. The evaluation methods shall be formulated by the Ministry of Education, the National Health and Wellness Commission and the General Administration of Sport. On the basis of the verification of myopia rate of children and adolescents in National Health Commission and the Ministry of Education, from 20xx onwards, the assessment system for prevention and control of myopia of children and adolescents of the people's governments of provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) will be carried out every year, and the results will be announced to the public.
Plan II of Myopia Prevention Activity Objectives:
1. Make students understand the causes and harm of myopia and stimulate students' awareness of protecting their eyes.
2. Cultivate students' good habit of protecting their eyes, starting from me and starting now.
3. Know the unique function and function of eyes and feel the importance of eyes.
Activity preparation:
PPT, big head son picture (no nose) eye mask, gift box (two) milk, carrots, eggs, etc.
Activity flow:
Interaction before the activity: Would you please play a game with me? Children's songs: clap your hands, clap your hands, raise your hand and put it down; Open your hands and turn around. This is my little head, shake it; This is my little eyes, blink; This is my waist, twist it; This is my little foot, take a step.
First of all, the game introduces a "sticky nose" to let children know the importance of eyes.
1, Teacher: Today, the teacher is very happy to play games with children. Are you happy? A child also wants to play games with everyone to see who he is (showing pictures of Big Head Son), but Big Head Son is unhappy because he has no nose. Who wants to stick his nose?
After the children tried to stick their noses blindfolded on the stage for three times, they said, Why didn't they stick their noses in the right place after three times? (Children speak freely)
Teacher: It turns out that my eyes are blindfolded and I can't see.
Close your eyes for 5 seconds, then open your eyes and talk about your feelings. (Answer by name)
Teacher: Now let's put a nose on the big head son! Look, he smiled happily. Therefore, eyes are very important to each of us. We should protect our little eyes. Who has a good idea?
Activity expansion:
Second, guide children to learn to protect their eyes.
1, share communication and enhance experience.
Teacher: Tell your friends-tell them what good ways you know to protect your eyes.
2. Children's report.
The teacher concluded: children are really amazing, and they know so many good ways to protect their eyes! However, some children don't pay attention to protecting their eyes. Let's see what they did wrong. What should we do?
1) Show the first ppt: Children rub their eyes with dirty hands.
Children have a lot of bacteria on their hands. If you rub it directly, your eyes will get infected and get pink eye.
Show the second ppt: Wash it with clear water and wipe it with a clean towel or handkerchief.
2) Show the third ppt: Children kneel on the ground to draw.
Guide children to say the right way and show the corresponding pictures: when reading or drawing, don't be too close to the paper, but sit up straight.
3) Show the fourth ppt: Children are close to each other when watching TV.
Guide children to find out what they are not doing well and say the right way (show the corresponding pictures)
4) Show the fifth ppt: Children are chasing and playing with bamboo poles.
What should I do if my eyes are injured? Teacher: Besides the methods mentioned above, we can also do eye exercises to protect our eyes. Look, red kangaroo has come to teach the children. Let's do exercises for Xiao Yan!
Planning scheme of myopia prevention activities 3 I. Purpose of activities
In order to implement the guiding ideology of "caring for the eyes", ensure that the whole family pays attention to eye hygiene, use their eyes scientifically, further prevent myopia, protect their eyesight, and let the whole family form good hygiene habits.
Second, the active object.
Dad, mom, I
Third, the time, place and order of the competition
Time: XX, XX, xx, xx
Location: at home
Fourth, awards
The first prize is awarded to go out to play; The second prize is awarded to a book;
Verb (abbreviation for verb) events and demands
(1) Project: Four eye exercises.
(2) Requirements: 1. Fingers: clean hands, no nails. 2, preparation posture: sitting upright, straight back. 3, attitude: attitude should be correct, thoughts should be concentrated, close your eyes, don't talk. 4. Acupoints: Find the right acupoints and press them from beginning to end. 5, rhythm: master the beat, moderate strength, soft and slow.
Myopia prevention activity planning scheme 4 Activity objectives:
1. Teach children to protect their eyes and learn to protect them.
2. Guide children to learn exercises to relieve eye fatigue.
Activity preparation:
ppt
Activity flow:
First, the riddle is introduced.
There is hair on the top, hair on the bottom and a black grape in the middle.
Second, understand the purpose of eyes.
1. Ask two children to play the blind portrait game.
Please close your eyes and feel the feeling of invisibility.
Conclusion: The eyes are the windows to the soul. We can't see anything without eyes.
Third, the harm of myopia
1. Show the picture and see what happened to the child in the picture.
2. Explain the dangers of myopia to children.
Fourth, the causes of myopia
1, genetic factors
2. Wrong eye habits
Fifth, guide children to understand the necessity of protecting their eyes and the ways to protect them.
(1) The children are rubbing their eyes with dirty hands.
Question: Did the child do it right? Why? What should I do?
Summary: There are many bacteria on children's dirty hands. If we rub our eyes with dirty hands, we will get pink eye. If we feel uncomfortable with our eyes, we can wipe them with a clean towel, handkerchief or toilet paper.
(2) Children put their heads on the table to draw.
Question: What did the child do wrong? Why? What should I do? What else should I pay attention to at ordinary times?
Summary: When reading and drawing, don't keep your eyes too close to the paper, and don't read while lying down, otherwise you will be nearsighted. Look up when reading and drawing, and keep your eyes away from 1 foot. Usually, you should also be careful not to watch TV for too long, and read books for a long time to see far. Don't play with sharp things, eat more foods that are good for your eyes, such as carrots and animal livers.
Sixth, guide children to do simple eye exercises.
1. Teacher demonstrates eye exercises.
Children and teachers do eye exercises together, accompanied by light music.
Seven. Activity expansion
Children draw their beautiful eyes on paper.