1. What is the doctor listening to?
This happened when we were born and went to the hospital. The doctor will put a stethoscope on your chest and back to listen. So, what is he listening to? In fact, he listened to many things, mainly including sounds, language, breathing, vomiting, bowel sounds and sick gas. Doctors diagnose diseases through the differences of these sounds.
Human voice is the result of the coordinated work of mouth, tongue, teeth, lips, nose, throat, epiglottis and lungs. People's voices have a common feature, that is, natural pronunciation, smooth timbre and flexibility. It means that the human body is full of qi and blood, and the vocal organs and viscera function normally. Among them, because of the differences in gender, age, physique and mood, the sounds made are also different.
For example, a man's voice is thick and deep, a woman's voice is thin and crisp, a child's voice is sharp, an old man's voice is rich, a thin man's voice is light and thin, and a strong man's voice is high; The joyful voice is light and comfortable; My voice is harsh and heavy when I am angry, sad and intermittent when I am sad, slightly trembling when I am afraid, and gentle and gentle when I like it.
1? sound
The normal voice is natural, the tone is harmonious and the language is clear.
Sick voice
(1) hoarseness: including hoarseness and aphonia, in which hoarseness means that the voice is dry and difficult to pronounce, and aphonia means that no sound can be produced at all. It is mostly caused by exogenous wind-cold or wind-heat, the intersection of cold and heat, and lung injury.
(2) Snoring: If you are drowsy and snore constantly, it is mostly caused by coma, poor airway and improper sleeping position. Heat entering pericardium or apoplexy entering viscera is more common.
(3) ***: When the body is sore or full, there will be a buzz in the mouth. Most of them are headache, chest pain, abdominal pain and toothache.
(4) Sneezing: Sneezing is caused by upwelling of lung qi, which is more common in exogenous cold. Exogenous pathogens last for a long time, and sudden sneezing is a sign of recovery.
(5) Screaming: Sudden screaming, mostly caused by pain or panic.
(6) Yawning: Breathe in with your mouth open, with slight noise, mostly caused by physical weakness and yin deficiency.
2? language
The heart governs the gods, and heart disease leads to language barriers.
(1) dyslexia: speaking fluently, vaguely, slowly, and unable to express meaning, which is more common in sequelae of stroke or late fever.
(2) Deception: delirious and incoherent, mostly empirical.
(3) Zheng Sheng: Unconsciousness, language repetition, language discontinuity and weak voice are mostly deficiency syndrome.
(4) Self-talk: Chattering is more common in acute fever, or the elderly have insufficient blood after a long illness.
(5) Language errors: The patient's language is upside down and confused, and he knows that he can't make mistakes, which are mostly caused by deficiency of heart-qi, turbid phlegm, blood stasis and qi stagnation.
(6) Crazy talk: screaming at the top of your lungs, speaking fast, with a high voice, swearing or crazy talk, which is more common in the crazy talk that annoys your heart with phlegm and fire.
3? breathe
Breathing is related to lung, kidney and other viscera, and the deficiency and excess of viscera can be inferred through the change of breathing.
(1) Asthma: dyspnea, shortness of breath and urgency, and even inability to lie flat. Exhale excess and deficiency. Asthma is acute, generally strong in body and pulse, mostly due to lung heat and phlegm. Deficiency asthma starts slowly, inhales less and breathes more. Generally speaking, weak pulse belongs to deficiency of both lung and kidney or deficiency of both heart and yin.
(2) Asthma: shortness of breath accompanied by wheezing, and the sputum in the throat is like a whistle and appears repeatedly. Most of them are caused by phlegm turbidity and exogenous wind and cold. Living in cold and humid areas for a long time, or eating too much sour, salty and cold food can also induce asthma. Clinically, wheezing and wheezing often occur simultaneously.
(3) Shortness of breath: shortness of breath, shortness of breath, thirst, and joint pain of limbs are evidence; Shortness of breath and weakness, and unfavorable urination belong to deficiency syndrome.
4? cough
Cough is closely related to the lungs.
(1) Heavy turbid cough: innocent phlegm color, stuffy nose, mostly caused by exogenous wind and cold.
(2) Cough with phlegm: phlegm is easy to cough up, mostly due to a cold cough, because phlegm dampness blocks the lung and the lung loses its function.
(3) Dog barking cough: Dogs with hoarseness bark like diphtheria. Yin deficiency of lung and kidney, epidemic poison attacking throat. Txt e-book sharing platform schoolbag network
(4) Paroxysmal cough: the cough sounds constantly, and there is crow-like echo after coughing, even coughing up blood. It's called cough and whooping cough. It is caused by cold and phlegm-heat stagnation.
5? vomit
A manifestation of food, phlegm and water rushing out of the stomach.
(1) Vomiting sound is weak, and the tendency of vomiting is slow, and expectoration is mainly phlegm-resolving water: mostly deficiency syndrome and cold syndrome.
(2) Vomiting loudly, sticky yellow or bitter: mostly empirical.
(3) Vomiting and acid rot: it is mostly caused by overeating, overeating, and stagnation of the stomach.
6? borborygmus
My stomach hurts.
(1) Intragastric bowel sounds: If there is water in the sac, it vibrates with the sound and is blocked by phlegm when walking.
(2) Abdominal bowel sounds: eating will alleviate the cold or hunger, which is mostly caused by long-term illness or overeating or abdominal cold, and the disharmony between gastrointestinal qi and stomach.
Second, what effect does the human body have on sound?
A sound generally has four attributes, namely, tone, quality, intensity and volume. The change of any attribute of sound is closely related to the rise and fall of substances in the body. Let's look at the effects of various substances in the human body on sound.
1? hue
The treble is crisp and harsh, and the bass is deep and deep. It is generally believed that pitch is directly related to the shape and quality of human vocal cords. If the vocal cords are long, loose and thick, the pitch will be low, and the male vocal cords belong to this category; The vocal cords are short, tight and thin, and the sound is high. Female vocal cords belong to this category. But in fact, the length, tightness and thickness of vocal cords can be changed. For a familiar example, eunuchs in feudal society have sharp voices because their genitals are covered with * * *, which is similar to female vocal cords. People think that the contrast between Yuan Yin (such as estrogen, etc.). ) and Yuanyang (such as androgen, etc. ) plays a decisive role on the court. If Yuan Yin is strong and her voice is crisp, such as women; If Yuanyang is rich and has a deep voice, such as a man. When the contrast between Yuan Yin and Yuan Yang changes, the pitch will change accordingly. The above example illustrates this point well.
2? Sound fidelity
Sound quality mainly refers to the roundness of sound. If the sound quality is good, the sound will be round and pleasant, rich and full; If the sound quality is poor, the sound will be hoarse, stiff, dry and thin. Good sound quality is mainly related to the moisturizing effect of Yuan Yin, body fluids and blood. When body fluid and yin blood are sufficient, the voice is mellow; Loss of body fluid and yin blood leads to hoarseness. We must have the experience that when we talk too much or too long, we will be thirsty or even hoarse, which is caused by the loss of body fluid and the loss of water in the vocal organs. At this time, we will drink some water to moisten our voice, and our voice will slowly return to its original roundness. Therefore, the nourishing effect of body fluid and yin blood on the pronunciation organs is an important factor to ensure the mellow sound quality. We can also judge whether the nourishing substances such as yin blood and body fluid in the body are sufficient according to the sound quality.
3? The intensity of sound
Sound intensity refers to the strength of sound, which depends on the external force that causes the object to vibrate. For example, if we pluck the strings, if we use light power, the sound will be weak, and if we use heavy power, the sound will be strong. For the human body, it is mainly the size of the exhaled airflow and the pressure of the airflow on the vocal organs. When the airflow is large, the pressure on the vocal organs is large and the sound is strong; When the airflow is small, the pressure on the vocal organs is small, and the sound is weak. The size of airflow and the pressure of airflow on the vocal organs are all related to qi.
Qi is one of the substances and molecules in the human body produced by the interaction between Yuan Yin and Yuanyang. Through the interaction of substances and molecules, the efficacy produced by the interaction between Yuan Yin and Yuanyang is transmitted to various viscera and organs, thus producing various life activities. The energy needed for human pronunciation comes from this qi.
If you are full of air, the air flow will be great, the pressure on the pronunciation organs will be great, and the sound intensity will be strong, otherwise the sound will be weak. Therefore, through the strength of the sound, we can judge whether the qi in the body is sufficient. Because Qi is the result of the interaction between Yuan Yin and Yuanyang, the adequacy of Yuan Yin and Yuanyang in human body can also be reflected by the strength of sound.
4? roll
Volume refers to the loudness of sound, which is directly related to the strength of sound. The sound intensity is high and low, so the volume is also closely related to the qi in the human body. We usually describe a person with a loud voice and often say that he is "full of gas", which is the reason. In addition, for the human body, there is another organ related to volume, that is, the lung. The lungs are similar to the * * * sound box in musical instruments. With it, you can effectively amplify the volume. Therefore, when the singing function of the lung is weakened, it will also lead to the change of the sound wall and hoarseness or even aphonia. There are two common situations in which the volume decreases or aphonia is caused by lung reasons: one is hoarseness or even aphonia; The second is hoarseness and aphonia caused by long illness. These two situations have a very interesting name in the world. The former is called "golden silence" and the latter is called "golden silence without breaking". What does this mean?
As we know, the lung belongs to gold in the five elements, just like the ancient bronze bell, it is hollow, so as to ensure that it can produce enough * * * sound when knocking, making the sound loud and distant. When we catch a cold, the external wind-cold, wind-heat pathogens or our own phlegm and turbid substances will be blocked in the lungs, which will lead to the decline or disappearance of the singing function of the lungs, resulting in hoarseness or aphonia, just like the cavity in the middle of a bronze bell is filled with other objects. When it is struck again, it can't make the original loud and distant sound, but it is replaced by a dull and short sound, so this situation is called "golden silence". A bronze bell must ring a loud and distant bell, but also depends on the integrity of the bell wall to form an effective * * * sound in the cavity. If the clock wall is defective, its * * * sound will be destroyed, resulting in "broken sound".
For the lung, the fixation of qi is an important factor to ensure that the lung can form a complete box. If the body is weak after a long illness and the vital qi in the body is excessively consumed, the fixation of qi will be destroyed, just like the bell wall of a bronze bell is broken, which will inevitably lead to the weakening or disappearance of the effect of * * *, resulting in hoarseness or aphonia, so Chinese medicine calls this situation "gold can't break."
Third, why is the body odor of beautiful women "sweet"?
In classical literature, the beauty of women is compared to "national color", where "beauty" refers to people's body odor, which also shows that if a person is, then his body odor should have fragrance.
Body odor is a special and natural odor emitted by human limbs, which is closely related to human health. If we smell a strange smell, we should be on guard against getting sick. Here are 13 common smells. Patients may want to try it themselves:
1? My body smells like rotten apples.
When diabetic patients are seriously ill, a large amount of fat is oxidized in the liver to produce ketone bodies, which diffuse into the blood, resulting in the exhaled gas containing acetone, and the exhaled gas of patients will have the taste of rotten apples. One of the characteristics of rotten apples is taste.
2? I smell of urine.
Patients with chronic nephritis or nephropathy have progressed to the stage of chronic renal failure (commonly known as uremia). Because there is no urine, some toxic substances (such as urea nitrogen and creatinine) cannot be excreted and remain in the blood, which will make the gas exhaled by patients smell of urine or ammonia, which is a signal that the condition is becoming more and more critical. In addition, the urine of patients with urachal fistula leaks from the umbilical fistula, and patients with urinary incontinence can't control their urine, and their bodies will also emit unpleasant urine smell.
3? The body smelled of rotten cabbage.
Due to the lack of tyrosine invertase in the body, tyrosine metabolism is disordered and remains in the blood, which will give off a strange smell similar to rotten cabbage. Patients are generally slow to respond, prone to rickets, abnormal liver function and hypoglycemia, which often leads to hypoglycemia syncope or convulsion.
4? My body smells a little fishy.
Fishy smell is mainly found in fishy smell syndrome, which is a congenital recessive genetic disease. Due to the lack of trimethylamine oxidase in human liver, trimethylamine can not be metabolized by liver and accumulated in large quantities. A large amount of trimethylamine, a fishy substance, is discharged from the patient's sweat, urine and exhaled gas.
5? My body smells a little liver.
Patients with fulminant hepatitis or severe liver injury caused by other reasons often exhale a special smell, commonly known as liver odor. Because methyl mercaptan and dimethyl disulfide cannot be metabolized by the liver, they emit a special smell in the body. Liver odor indicates that liver function is seriously damaged, which is a manifestation of critical illness.
6? My body stinks of feces.
In patients with bladder and colon fistula, feces in the intestine can enter the bladder through the fistula and dissolve in urine, so the discharged urine usually smells like feces. In addition, the feces of patients with urachal fistula leak from the umbilical fistula, and patients with fecal incontinence can't control their own feces, and their bodies will also emit unpleasant odor of feces.
7? I smell a little maple sugar.
Maple sugar flavor, also known as caramel flavor, is the most common smell of patients with maple syrup urine disease. Maple syrup urine disease is an autosomal recessive genetic disease. Its harm is that it can poison brain cells, cause serious damage to brain tissue, and make patients' intelligence drop obviously, even become * * *.
8? My body smells a bit like cat urine.
The smell of cat urine is common in hyperglycemia, which is a disorder of amino acid metabolism. Patients are characterized by mental retardation, osteoporosis and white blood cells in the blood, which are prone to infection or bleeding.
9? My body smells a little sweaty.
Sweaty feet are also called sweaty foot odor syndrome. Its main symptoms are particularly sweaty feet, mental retardation and ataxia. The patient's vomit, breath, urine, skin and even blood all give off a special smell, which is cheese or strong sweat.
10? My body smells a little smelly.
Body odor is common in patients with axillary osmidrosis. Because the sebum secreted by sebaceous glands in armpits is influenced by bacteria, it emits a special body odor. Young adults, sebaceous glands are exuberant, and their body odor is particularly strong.
1 1? I smell a little garlic.
Garlic smell is common in patients with organophosphorus pesticide poisoning, and exhaled gas and vomit can emit garlic smell.
12? I smell alcohol.
There is a smell of alcohol on your body, or there is a strong smell of alcohol in your mouth, which is seen after drinking too much or getting drunk.
13? Other strange smells
The vomit is sour, suggesting that food stays in the stomach for a long time and ferments, which is common in patients with pyloric obstruction. The presence of intestinal obstruction should be considered when vomit presents fecal odor; Stool has a foul smell, which is mostly caused by indigestion or chronic pancreatitis. Feces have a bad smell, which is very common among dysentery patients. Sputum has a bloody smell, which is more common in patients with massive hemoptysis. If the sputum smells fishy, it is more common in patients with lung abscess or disease.
Tips: When you find yourself or people around you have the above abnormal body odor, you should be alert to possible signals, and it is best to go to the hospital for further examination in time, so as to achieve early detection and early treatment, so as not to delay the illness.