Mr. Yangming's life is a life of illness and luck, and it is also an immortal life, a great life, which has been praised and worshipped by many people and celebrities before and after his death:
Zhu Zaihou: Stand up, a generation of great men have the ability to set things right and show their skills in saving the world and protecting people. I sympathize!
Deng Zhicheng: Yangming's study is the most solid and useful because of its outstanding achievements.
Wei: Mr. Yangming has served people with virtue for 300 years.
Wang Shizhen: Gong was a first-rate figure in the Ming Dynasty, who was excellent in virtue, merit and speech.
Yan Fu: Learning from Yang Ming is simple and easy, and smart people often like it.
Liang Qichao: He is great in modern academic circles and has made many achievements in military and politics.
Sun Yat-sen: All the old Japanese civilizations were introduced from China. The heroes of the reform 50 years ago were intoxicated by what Wang Yangming, a great philosopher in China, called "the unity of knowledge and action".
Tougou Heihachirou, a famous Japanese, bowed his head and worshipped Yangming all his life.
Personally, among the great figures with a history of 5,000 years in China, I love and admire Laozi the most, and in the past 500 years, I love Yangming the most, without one.
Overview of Mr. Yangming's life
(1472, 1 0,31-1529,19), Han nationality, alias Yun, word Bo 'an, alias Yangming. A native of Yuyao County (now Yuyao, Ningbo), Shaoxing Prefecture, Zhejiang Province, was named Yangming Zi because he once built a house in Yangming Cave in Huiji Mountain. Scholars call him Mr. Yangming, also known as Wang Yangming.
A famous thinker, writer, philosopher and strategist in Ming Dynasty, he was proficient in Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, and was a master of Wang Lu's mind. In the twelfth year of Hongzhi (1499), he was a scholar, and served as the minister of punishments, the secretariat of Yicheng in Longchang, Guizhou, the magistrate of Luling, the governor of Gannan, and the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. In his later years, he served as an officer of Nanjing Ministry of War, and left the post of Duchayuan. Because of the meritorious service in pacifying the rebellion, he was named Xinjian Bo, and was posthumously named Xinjian Hou. Shi Wencheng, so later generations are also called Gong.
When Mr. Yang Ming was thirteen years old, he was ambitious and once discussed with Mr. Comfortable what was the most important thing in the world. Different from ordinary people, he thinks that "imperial examination is not the first priority", and his first priority is to study and be a saint.
At the age of eighteen, Mr. Yangming went to Shangrao, Jiangxi Province to visit and consult a great scholar named Lou Liang. Lou Liang told him an inspiring sentence: "saints can learn from it", which hit him at once and made him more determined to become a saint.
At the age of twenty-five, Mr. Yang Ming referred to the imperial examination for the second time and took the second place. His father, the number one scholar, enlightened him that he would win next time if he didn't win this time, but he smiled: "The world is ashamed of being unreachable, and I am ashamed of being unreachable."
In the winter of Zheng Deyuan (1506), eunuch Liu Jin was good at politics and arrested more than 20 people including Nanjing Yushidai. At that time, no minister who was afraid of Liu Jin's arrogance dared to fight. Only Mr. Yangming thinks that it is when no one speaks, and it is most necessary to speak. He resolutely spared Liu Jin and angered Liu Jin. He was flogged to Longchang, Guizhou Province (seventy miles northwest of Guiyang, xiuwen county) and served as Longchang Post Office. At the same time, his father Wang Hua was also driven out of Beijing and transferred to the official department of Nanjing.
On the way, Mr. Yangming was chased by Liu Jin and escaped by diving himself. Mr. Yangming escaped from the chase and secretly went to Nanjing to meet his father Wang Hua. Wang Hua said to him, "Since the imperial court has entrusted you with an important task, you'd better take up your post." Then he set foot on the road and came to Longchang, Guizhou, where the mountains and rivers are thin and Miao and Liao live together. Under the extremely harsh living environment, Mr. Yang Ming is still not discouraged. He asked himself: What would Confucius, Yao Shunyu and Zhou Wenwang do if they were in this situation? He suddenly realized that it was enough to do his best and follow his conscience. So, he built a "He Louxuan" in Longchang, where he insisted on enlightenment and lectures. In addition to the locals, he also attracted people from all walks of life to listen to him preach and teach. Moreover, in this difficult period, Mr. Yangming learned to admire Zhu's way of knowing things from his earlier study, and gradually realized that "the way of saints is not here" and that "the way of saints is self-sufficient, and those who seek truth from facts are also wrong." This important experience, full of hardships and hardships, is called "Longchang enlightened Taoism" in history.
In the twelfth year of Zheng De (15 17), Mr. Yangming was the governor of Jiangxi. Mainly in charge of Gannan, Ting and Zhang, which are now the four provinces of Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong and Hunan. These places have dense forests and serious bandits. As a frail scholar and Confucian scholar since childhood, Mr. Yangming adheres to the principle of "breaking the heart and stealing".
In the 14th year of Ming Dynasty (15 19), Mr. Yangming imitated the Battle of Red Cliffs of Poyang Lake and put down the rebellion of Wang Zhu in Hongdu Ning.
In the first year of Jiajing (1522), his father Wang Hua died, and Mr. Yang Ming returned to his hometown to keep the system.
At the age of 54, Mr. Yangming resigned and returned to his hometown to give lectures. He founded academies in Shaoxing, Yuyao and other places, preached "Wang Xue", and learned four teaching methods in Tianquan Bridge: no good disgusting body, good malicious actions. Knowing good and evil is a conscience, and doing good and evil is a matter.
In the seventh year of Jiajing (1528), the rebellion of the southwest kiln and the thief of Duanteng Gorge were put down.
Shi Mao (1529 65438+18: 00 on October 9) In the seventh year of Jiajing, Mr. Yang Ming died of illness on a boat in Qinglong Port, Dageng County, Nan 'an Prefecture, Jiangxi Province, at the age of 57. On his deathbed, the disciple asked him what his last words were, and he said, "This heart is bright, what can I say!" " After the mourning in Jiangxi province, the soldiers and civilians all wore linen cloth with tears to send the longevity man and were buried in Nanting Town, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province. Previously, because he rebelled against Wang Ning, he was specially appointed as Dr. Guanglu, Dr. Zhu Guo and Dr. Xinjian. He died when he was posthumously given to Xinjian Hou. In the twelfth year of Wanli, it was enshrined in the Confucius Temple.
Exhibition of Mr. Yangming's Important Thoughts
About conscience (nothing outside the heart, peace of mind, right heart);
Conscience is the key to justice, so conscience is justice.
Mr. Yangming said, "My conscience is a little bit of blood and bone." A certain conscience comes from the death of many people and thousands of lives.
After realizing the Tao in Longchang, Mr. Yangming made this heart seem motionless and only bowed to his own conscience.
Conscience emerges as the master and I am self-sufficient. I don't need to seek truth from the outside. I can always tell right from wrong, strip away selfish intentions, and don't insist, so I am always useless, useless. Know right and wrong anytime and anywhere, but right and wrong anytime and anywhere is not that important. This is the state in which Mr. Yangming was integrated into the realm after realizing Taoism in Longchang, and it remained until his final death. This heart is full of conscience, and this heart is extremely bright!
More than 40 years ago, Mr. Yangming was re-used and ordered to suppress bandits in Gannan and Zhang Ting. Before he left, one of his friends named Wang Siyu told others that Yangming's trip would make great achievements. He was asked why. He said, I can't touch it. If you don't touch it, it means that Confucius is forty and not confused. If you are not confused, you will not be moved by foreign things and be firm. This is forty without confusion, Mencius said.
The following is a poem written by Mr. Yang Ming, which explains the word conscience well:
Ask what you are doing, and you are working hard in the field of worry.
The word "conscience" is the same as the word "conscience"
Everyone has Zhong Ni in his heart. He will smell the bitterness and shield his fans.
Now refers to the real person, but the conscience is more suspicious.
Everyone has his own fixed needle, and the root of everything is always in his heart.
But I looked down with a smile and found it outside the branches and leaves.
When you are silent and tasteless, this is the root of everything.
Throw away your countless treasures and hold a bowl along the door to help the poor.
About conscience:
After the age of 50, Mr. Yangming devoted himself to the theory of "to conscience". He lamented: "Faith leads to conscience, but true saints hide truth."
Mr. Yangming has a profound knowledge of Confucianism and has the ability and courage to enter and leave Buddhism and Taoism. He not only distinguishes between false names, but also practices them. Finally, he combined the three factions into one and drew the word "to conscience" as the master key, saying that acting according to conscience at any time and place is a great mantra and a supreme truth.
The first step is vigilance, that is, we must first learn to be alert to our habits. Each of us is constantly struggling with our own inertia, which is the state of not waking up. Therefore, there is an old saying in China called "anti-sleep". The anti-consciousness of sailing against the current is vigilance. There is also Mencius' "seeking peace of mind", learning nothing but seeking peace of mind. What do you mean rest assured? Your heart went to America and you didn't even know it, so you have to get it back. This is the process of awakening. With the first step of awakening, the next step is to rely on the power of conscience itself. You know, once the conscience in your body is mobilized, the power of conscience itself will be revealed. At this time, the external self-restraint and some efforts, including self-discipline, accommodation and poverty, are just helping.
There is a saint in everyone's heart, but he lacks self-confidence, doesn't believe in himself and puts the saint aside. As long as you don't deceive yourself, believe in yourself, follow your conscience and intuition, do everything from the heart, don't ask for anything from the outside, don't influence your behavior because of others, wake up and overcome it. All actions are based on one's own conscience. Even if you are wrong, you will increase your experience, you will take responsibility for yourself, and eventually you will increase your ability to lead your conscience.
About practical work:
Mr. Yangming honed the matter of leading troops to fight with his mind. He always put his heart first, defeated the enemy without fighting, and broke the thieves in people's hearts, not only individuals, but also bandits and rebels as a whole.
Life is to constantly temper your conscience on specific things every day, give your conscience a natural reason, and make things reasonable.
On the unity of knowledge and action:
At the age of thirty-eight, Mr. Yangming advocated "the unity of knowledge and action" in Guiyang. He said: "Doing is the achievement of knowing, and knowing is the beginning of doing. Knowing good and evil is knowledge, and good, good and evil are good. "
The unity of knowing and doing is a high realm of conscience. What is the unity of knowledge and action? Knowing what is true, knowing what is true. Do it clearly, and you will know it carefully. So if you really know something, what is it? Is that you can really do it. So if you really want to do something well, what is its premise? You must acquire real knowledge. True knowledge must have boundaries. If there are no lines, or not good enough, it means there is no real knowledge. Unity of knowledge and action.
People's behavior and consciousness must be unified to be comfortable, which is also what western philosophers call "self-consistency"
On the four-sentence teaching of "Tianquanism";
No good, no disgusting body (a world view),
There are good deeds and malicious acts (which can be described as outlook on life).
Knowing good and evil is a conscience (which can be described as values).
Good for evil is one way.
1527 In September of the lunar calendar, Wang Yangming was attacked by the Ming government against Sien Hotan.
Before he left, his two disciples, Qian Dehong and Wang Ruzhong, had a heated argument. The content of the debate is the four-sentence teaching proposed by Wang Yangming.
Wang Ruzhong thinks these four sentences are inconsistent. Wang Ruzhong said rudely, "First, no health is good and disgusting. The ontology of silence is good and evil, and it should be good and evil from the heart. " Since there is no good or evil in it, there must be no good or evil, so what conscience should we judge? Why go to Wu Ge? So the last three sentences are nonsense. "
Qian Dehong remained silent.
Wang Ruzhong is even more energetic. If there is good and evil in the heart, conscience should be the judge, and we should judge things under the guidance of conscience, that is to say, both body and mind have good and evil. In this case, the first sentence is wrong.
Qian Dehong waited for him to finish, and then said earnestly, "You, look askew. Body and mind are the essence of fate. There was no good or evil, but this heart was polluted by foreign objects. As soon as you are contaminated with foreign objects, your heart naturally has good and evil, but your body and mind still know good and evil, so you have to go to good and evil. The purpose of doing good and evil is to restore your body and mind. "
The two men held their own words and had a heated debate, so they had to ask Wang Yangming for a ruling.
After listening to their opinions, Wang Yangming said: "The two opinions can complement each other, so don't be paranoid about one side. I have two techniques to enlighten people. People with high qualifications made him realize directly from the source. The human heart was originally crystal-clear and stagnant, and it was originally neutral. People with extremely high qualifications only need a little understanding of the ontology, that is, kung fu. Others and self are thorough both inside and outside.
The other party's qualifications are poor, and the heart is inevitably blinded by the polluted ontology. Therefore, he was told to do good and eliminate evil in his heart. After mastering kung fu, filth will thoroughly cleanse the noumenon. "
Mr. Yangming's words can be understood as follows: for a person with high qualifications, that is, a person with a bright conscience, you only need to say the first and third sentences to him: "There is no body of good and evil, and knowing good and evil is a conscience", and he will understand what it means as soon as he listens.
Why? Because he is bright in body and mind, he has always been conscientious, but he does not know his daily needs. And those who are not qualified, that is, those whose conscience is covered, you should say the second and fourth sentences to him: "There are good and evil, and it is standard for good and evil to be rewarded." As soon as he listens, he will understand that he should care about good and evil and always be alert to himself. My "meaning" is good and evil, so be careful and be positive, that is, be standard!
Because this lecture took place on Tianquan Bridge in Wang Yangming's residence, it was called "Tianquan Theory".
After "the theory of heaven is perfect", Mr. Yang Ming earnestly warned two students: "These four sentences are the purpose in my heart. You can't abandon them. "
The four teachings recorded in the second volume of Mr. Yangming's Biography are called the highest generalization of the theory of mind, which embodies the most essential wisdom of the theory of mind: the ontology of mind is crystal clear and pure, and there is no good or evil; But once the idea comes into being, good and evil also follow; The ability to distinguish good from evil is "conscience" and wisdom; An important theory of Confucianism, that is, "doing good is evil", is here. Chapter 17 1 of the Book of Practice says: "A man who is practical learns from beginning to end, from beginner to saint, and this is the only time." In other words, we must do good deeds and evil deeds from beginning to end, and we can't leave for a moment!
Although the meaning is still unfinished, the summary of Mr. Yang Ming's life and thoughts is discussed here for the time being. In the future, I need to study and practice Yangming's mind on the road of happiness. If you want to know more about Mr. Yangming's wisdom and insight, you can read more books about Mr. Yangming's mind, including the most important Handbook.
Finally, I want to say: this article is not enough to express my admiration for Mr. Yang Ming! I am deeply grateful and moved by Mr. Yangming's sincerity and brightness. I hope to follow his example and let me cultivate my mind, my self-sufficiency, my bright heart and my clear conscience. What else can I say? !