King Hui of Liang said, "I am a country, and I devote myself to it. If Hanoi is fierce, the people will move to Hedong and the millet will move to Hanoi; Hedong is also fierce. People who observe the politics of neighboring countries have no intention like me. There are not many people in neighboring countries, and there are not many people in my country. Why? "
Mencius said to him, "The king is belligerent. Please use the metaphor of war. Replenish drums, weapons company, abandon armor. Or stop after a hundred steps, or stop after fifty steps. What if the pot is too black? "
Say, "no! If you don't go straight, you will do it. "
He said: "If Wang knows this, there is no hope that there will be more people in neighboring countries.
"Don't go against the farming season, the valley can't win food. If you don't count, neither fish nor turtle can be eaten. Axe gold gets into the mountain in time, and mywood can't be used. Valley and fish turtles can't fight for food, and wood and wood can't fight for it, which makes people lose their lives and have no regrets. Keeping in good health and dying without regret is the beginning of kingly way.
"Five acres of house, the tree to mulberry, fifty clothes. Don't waste time, because seventy people can eat meat. A hundred acres of land, if you don't hurry, a family of several can be hungry; I sincerely hope that the godson of the cult will be filial, and the winners will not be on the road. Seventy people eat meat, clothes and silk, and the Lebanese are neither hungry nor cold, but they are not kings and have nothing.
"Dogs don't know when they eat people's food, and they don't know when they are hungry. When people die, they say,' It's not me, it's age.' What's the difference between stabbing people and killing people, saying,' It's not me, it's a soldier'? The king is innocent, and the people in the world are heavy. "
Translation in my own country;
Liang said, "I have worked hard for my country." When there was a famine in the north of the Yellow River, the people there were moved to the east of the Yellow River, and the grain from the east of the Yellow River was transported to the north of the Yellow River. So is the famine east of the Yellow River. Compared with the politics of neighboring countries, no one is more dedicated than me. The people of neighboring countries will not decrease, and our people will not increase. Why? "
Mencius replied, "Your Majesty likes war. Allow me to take war as an example. Knock gongs and drums, your gun blade has touched, throw down your armor and drag your weapon away. Some people stop running a hundred paces, while others stop running fifty paces. How about running pot calling the kettle black? "
Hui Wangdao: "No, it's just that they didn't run a hundred paces. This is also an escape. "
Mencius said: "If your majesty understands this truth, then don't expect people who are more than neighbors.
"If the corvee doesn't interfere with the season of agricultural production, food will be inexhaustible; If the fine net does not go fishing in the deep pond, fish and turtles will eat more; If trees are cut down on the mountain according to a certain season, the wood will be inexhaustible. Food and aquatic products such as fish and turtles can't be eaten up, and wood can't be used up. The people are born without regrets, and they are raised and buried. It is the beginning of kingliness that people have no regrets about being born, raised and buried.
"Give people five acres of homestead, mulberry, people over the age of 50 can wear silk. Don't miss the breeding season when livestock raise chickens, dogs and pigs. Then, people over seventy can eat meat. Each family has 100 mu of arable land, and the government does not interfere in their production season. Then, a few people in a family can stop being hungry. Do a good job in the school and teach the people repeatedly on the principle of filial piety. Then, the gray-haired old man will not walk on the road by himself or with heavy objects. People over 70 years old have silk to wear and meat to eat, while ordinary people can't be hungry or frozen. This has never happened before.
"Wei now? The pigs and dogs of the rich ate the food of the people, but they didn't stop it; There are people starving to death on the road, but they don't open the granary to help. When the people died, they even said,' It's not my fault, it's because I was poor for several years.' What's the difference between this statement and killing someone with a knife and saying,' I didn't kill him but used a weapon'? If the king doesn't blame by 2008, then all the people in the world will go to Liang Guolai. "
A brief analysis of China;
Mencius is the most famous Confucian master after Confucius. The core of his theory is to talk about "benevolence" and "benevolent politics", that is, to implement the so-called "king". Its theoretical basis is people-oriented thought, which attaches importance to people's right to exist. Therefore, Mencius hated the feudal princes for being heartless and brutally plundering the people. "I am for the country" satirizes Liang, who claims to be a sage, and angrily points out that some feudal princes claim to be "parents for the people", but in fact they are really "leading animals to eat people" and are the bane of the people.
Mencius is good at using metaphors and fables to explain the truth, and his argumentation skills are very clever, which is clearly reflected in this paper. Use various methods to lure the enemy into submission, use broad and sharp words, sometimes sharp, like to use conjunctions and use pens to be aggressive.
Article discussion
There is also a chapter on My Country in Mencius Hui Liang Wang Shang, which is one of the articles that show Mencius' thought of "benevolent government". This paper discusses how to implement "benevolent government" and unify the world with "kingly way". "Keeping in good health and losing one's life is the beginning of kingly way" and "Seventy people eat clothes and silks, and the people are not hungry or cold, but they are not kings and are omnipresent" are the crowning touch of the article, which highlights the theme of this article. Because only by implementing benevolent policies can we win the hearts of the people; Only by winning the hearts of the people can we win the world. This idea of "protecting the people is king" is actually the embodiment of Mencius' people-oriented thought.
The full text can be divided into three parts.
The first part (the first paragraph) is about Liang's doubts about his "loyalty to the country" and "the people are in poverty".
The second part (from Mencius to Japan) According to Liang's desire to "increase the number of people" by political means, Mencius helped him realize that compared with neighboring countries, he only did some good things in disaster relief, and there was no difference in essence, which naturally made the article transition to the third part.
In the third part (the third to fifth paragraphs), according to Liang's exploration of how to make people more psychologically and the monarch's great wish of "unifying the world" in the Warring States period, Mencius put forward his own idea of "benevolent governance", that is, reducing corvee, developing agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery production, and making people "not hungry or cold", and on this basis, formulated specific measures and requirements such as education, and emphasized that
Mencius' thoughts and opinions expressed in the article
First of all, Mencius opposed the endless war between princes, and the sentence "Wang is belligerent, please use the metaphor of war" fully revealed this idea.
Secondly, Mencius believed that people should benefit from it and have the opportunity to recuperate. He believes that Liang's "intention" to the people is far from enough. This is just the difference between "100 steps" and "50 steps" and other countries' dissatisfaction with collecting money from the people.
Thirdly, Mencius showed Liang his ideal of governing the people, specifically, to let the people have a house of five acres, a field of one hundred acres and a dolphin of chickens and dogs.
Moreover, Mencius attached great importance to enlightenment and put forward the idea of "keeping order". His highest ideal is that CoCo Lee "eats meat with clothes and silk" and "is neither hungry nor cold".
Finally, Mencius further pointed out on the basis of his own argument that Liang, as the supreme ruler, has an unshirkable responsibility in the face of the social reality that the upper class is extravagant and wasteful and the people are hungry and cold.
On the characteristics of Mencius' prose from this article
1. Clever metaphor, twists and turns.
When talking about a problem, first hide the main idea, and gradually lead to this topic from people on the side, the opposite side and the periphery. If the original intention is to talk about benevolent government, but first use war as a metaphor, from the opposite side, so that Liang unconsciously followed him. In this way, the article is like a winding path; The literary trend is ups and downs, not stagnant.
2. The logic is rigorous and in-depth.
On the surface, the article is rambling, but in fact, the logic is clear, the paragraphs are clear and the levels are orderly. If you ask questions first and then analyze the reasons, the following measures, starting from the king, implementing the king, and implementing benevolent government, are all in-depth and interlocking.
3. The writing is rich and vivid, full of rationality.
Make good use of appropriate metaphors, powerful arrangements, exquisite words and sentences. Odd sentences and even sentences, monosyllabic sentences and compound sentence are used alternately, with flexible and confident brushwork and sharp and aggressive conversation. This article is full of eloquence.