Minister Chen Mi said: Because of my bumpy fate, I suffered misfortune very early. My father abandoned me and died only six months after I was born. When I was four years old, my uncle forced my mother to change her ambition to stay awake. My grandmother, Liu, sympathized with my young father and raised him. I was often ill when I was a child, and I couldn't walk when I was nine. Lonely and helpless until adulthood. He has neither uncles nor brothers, and his family has fallen, and his blessings are shallow, and his son is very late. There is no close relative outside, and there is no child servant to take care of the door at home. Life is lonely, there is no dependence, only one's own body and shadow comfort each other. However, my grandmother Liu was entangled in illness and was bedridden all the year round. I provided her with food and medicine and never left her.

By the time the Jin Dynasty was established, I had been politically civilized. First there was a magistrate named Wei Xiao, and later there was a secretariat named Rong, who recommended him as an outstanding talent. I didn't accept the appointment because no one took care of my grandmother. The imperial court made a special decree and appointed me as a doctor. Soon after, it was entrusted by the state and appointed me as a horse washer. With my humble status, I undertook the duty of serving the prince, which really exceeded my ability to repay my kindness with death. I will report the above difficulties and refuse to take office. But these letters are urgent and harsh, and they accuse me of negligence and disrespect. The county magistrate urged me to hit the road at once; The visit and urging of the county magistrate is more urgent than the fall of a meteor. I really want to be ordered by the emperor, but my grandmother Liu's illness is getting worse every day; I want to obey my own affairs for a while, but reporting complaints is not allowed. I'm in a dilemma. I'm embarrassed.

I think the Jin Dynasty used filial piety to govern the world, and all the old ministers and elders still grew up with pity, which made my loneliness and bitterness even more serious. In addition, when I was young, I was an official and a Langguan of Shu Han. I originally wanted to be an official, and I didn't care about fame and integrity. Now I am a humble prisoner of national subjugation, very humble, over-promoted, generous in favor, how dare I hesitate and expect anything? Just because grandma Liu's life is coming to an end, her breathing is weak and her life is dying, so she can't think of the evening in the morning. If it weren't for grandma, I wouldn't be where I am today. Grandma can't spend the rest of her life without my care. My grandparents and grandchildren depend on each other to make a living. I can't abandon my grandmother and stay away from her.

I am 44 years old now, and my grandmother is 96 years old now. It seems that I still have a long time to be loyal to your majesty, but I have a short time to be filial to my grandmother Liu. With the love affair that crows feed back, I beg to be allowed to fulfill my wish to support my grandmother. My grievances are known not only to the people of Shu and the leaders of Yizhou and Liangzhou, but also to the gods of heaven and earth. I hope your majesty can pity my sincerity, satisfy my insignificant wish, and let grandma Liu Can survive the rest of her life. I should have been killed to serve the imperial court while I was alive, and tied a grass ring to repay your kindness when I died. I respectfully submit this form to let your majesty know about it with a sense of fear like a dog.

Creation background

Shimi was originally the Lang Guan of the late Shu Han ruler Liu Chan (the official position is unknown). In the fourth year of Jingyuan in the Three Kingdoms (263), Shu was destroyed, and Shimi was the minister of national subjugation. Sima Yan, the son of Si Mazhao, abolished the Wei Yuan Emperor and was called "Emperor Wu of Jin" in history. In the third year of Taishigong (267), the court adopted the policy of appeasement, tried its best to win over the old ministers of Shu and Han, and recruited an Smith to wash the horse for the prince. At the age of 44, Shimi took the Jin Dynasty as an excuse to "rule the world by filial piety" and went to Chen Qingbiao to express his ambition and asked to be suspended on the grounds that his grandmother had no owner to raise him. Why did Emperor Wu of Jin reuse Shi Biao so much? First, Wu Dong was still in Jiangzuo. In order to reduce the resistance of destroying Wu and win the hearts of the people, Emperor Wu of Jin adopted a policy of appeasement to his lieutenants to show his generosity. Secondly, Shi Mi was famous for his filial piety at that time. According to Biography of the Book of Jin, Liu, who served his grandmother, was "filial. If Liu was ill, he would cry and stop. If he doesn't take off his clothes, he must taste soup and medicine first. " Emperor Wu of Jin inherited the strategy of ruling the world with filial piety since the Han Dynasty, and practiced filial piety to show integrity. At the same time, he also used filial piety to maintain the relationship between monarch and minister and maintain social stability and order. Because of this, Shi Biao was called up many times. Shi Biao, on the other hand, told Emperor Wu of Jin that he would "resign and not take office".

Appreciation of Chen Qingbiao

1.

Strong emotional color is a major feature of this article, but whether the author describes his loneliness and helplessness or the deep friendship between himself and his grandmother, it is expressed through narration. His gratitude to the imperial court and his loyalty to Emperor Wudi were also written in an emotional style.

2. The language is vivid and natural.

Although this article uses a lot of four sentences and antitheses, it is parallel prose, but the language has never been carved, but it is very natural and true, as if it flowed from the heart, without any trace of axe chisel. The language of the article is very vivid, for example, the first paragraph talks about loneliness, the second paragraph talks about the urging of counties and counties, and the third paragraph talks about the misery of grandma's illness, all of which are the current appearance. In addition, this paper is very concise and accurate in language, and some words have become idioms.

The use of even sentences in this paper is very distinctive, which is not only harmonious in phonology, distinct in rhythm, concise, sophisticated and vivid, but also sincere in feelings and powerful. For example, "the sun is dying, and people's lives are dying." They used metaphors and exaggerations to describe their grandmother's deep feelings that she could not bear to leave before she died. "I want to serve a letter to Mercedes-Benz, and Liu Tiantian is ill; If you want to cheat, tell me not to. " Through comparison, it not only highlights the helplessness of Shimi's predicament, but also shows his loyalty and filial piety.

original work

Chen Qingbiao

Shimi in the Western Jin Dynasty? Wei and Jin dynasties

I whispered: I am troubled by danger, I am fierce. Give birth in June, and a loving father will come back to see you; When I was four years old, my uncle took away my mother's ambition. Grandma Liu was lonely and sickly, and she was raised by herself. I was sick and lonely at the age of nine. As for the establishment. There is neither an uncle nor a fresh brother, and the family is weak and thin, and there is a son at night. A close relative who has never succeeded outside, has no answer in his heart, stands alone and hangs together like a shadow. Moreover, Liu Suying's illness often happens in the bed cup. I served soup and medicine and never gave up. (friends: friends; Independent work: independence)

Seize the sacred court and bathe and purify. Former satrap Wei Xiao Chen Xiaolian; After the assassination, I was honored as a scholar. I have no master to support, and I would rather die. Under the imperial edict, worship the minister, seek national favor, and wash the horse. The accusation is despicable. I serve the East Palace and can't report it to you. I am a minister, but I don't take office. The imperial edict is steep and the minister is slow; County persecution, urging ministers to go on the road; The State Council was anxious to light the spark. If I want to run at a gallop, Liu will get sicker every day. If I want to indulge in romance, I will tell him not to: I'm really embarrassed to advance and retreat.

Fu Wei was born to rule the world with filial piety, especially when he is old, still educated and lonely. Besides, I'm a junior official and a puppet, and I've been a minister for a long time. This plan is official. I don't care about honor. Today, I am humble and pampered by promotion. How dare I wander and hope? However, Liu is dying and his life is dying. I have no grandmother, and today my grandmother has no minister, and the rest of my life is endless. Mother and son, but also live alone, can not be wasted.

I am 40-40 this year, and my grandmother is 90-60 this year. I have devoted my life to your majesty, raising Liu Ri. I am willing to beg for it. The minister's hard work, not only the people in Shu, but also the herdsmen in the two States know it. May your majesty be humble and sincere, listen to my words, and fortunately save Liu for more than a year. I was born a meteorite and died a grass. I'm at a loss for my fear of dogs and horses, and I want to pay tribute to it. (Grandmother Liu: Grandmother; Works of compassion: compassion)

To annotate ...

"Watch" is a style, an ancient paper, and a style in which lieutenants point out current events to the king and persuade him directly or make him correct his mistakes.

So: because of danger (xi m n): dangerous disaster (here refers to bad luck). Risks, difficulties and disasters; Trouble, disaster

Su Su: In the early days, this refers to being young.

Like "compassion", it refers to things that can be worried (mostly death and funeral due to illness).

Fierce: This refers to the unfortunate incident that happened in his family.

Meet: Parents or elders died.

The year of travel: the age of experience.

My uncle caught my mother's ambition: my uncle forcibly changed my mother's desire to be sober. This is a euphemism for mother's remarriage.

Benjamin: What a pity. The Soviet education edition is "hissing".

Do it yourself: Do it yourself.

As for: until.

Yu: preposition, leading to the object.

Established: Adult self-reliance.

Finally: once again.

Xian: Shao, it means "nothing" here.

Door: Home.

The door is weak and thin: the door is weak and blessed; Zu Yao: Fufen.

Children's interests: children. Interests: biological children. Another example: Xizi (biological son); Divorced daughter (biological daughter); Nanxi (biological son).

Temporary workers: the name of ancient mourning clothes. Period, for a year. Work, according to the relationship between individuals and personal differences, can be divided into big contributions and small contributions. Big contributions are lost in September and small contributions are lost in May. It is also used to refer to kinship within five clothes.

Strong proximity: barely close.

Open the door: be careful of the portal.

Five feet tall: A child who is five feet tall. Tong: A boy servant.

Innovation: the emergence of loneliness.

Yi: independence: the Soviet version is "independence".

Hang: Comfortable.

Baby: tangled, here refers to illness.

Hey: Cao Chen has come back to life. Extend to straw mats and mats.

Abolish: Abolish and stop the service.

Leave: Leave.

Catch: and, to.

Bong: Bong.

Sheng Chao: The Jin Dynasty.

Bath purification: a kind of praise, which refers to fair political education.

Inspection: inspection and recommendation.

Filial piety: an inspection subject for selecting talents since the Han dynasty, that is, local officials inspect local people every year and recommend people who are filial to their parents and honest and clean to the court to be officials.

Lift: recommended.

Scholar: an object of investigation in selecting talents since Han Dynasty. Here is the meaning of outstanding talents, which is different from the meaning of "scholar" in later imperial examinations.

Remarks: Decline politely.

Go: accept.

Life: dating.

Worship: to confer an official position.

Langzhong: Subordinate to Shangshu Province.

Search: Soon.

Except: worship the official and accept the post.

Washing horses: that is, the prince (Xi m \u n), the prince's attendant.

Accusation: The word "modesty" is still "despicable".

Humble: Humble.

Brief introduction of the author

Li Mi (224-287) was born in Wuyang (now Pengshan, Sichuan). He lost his father when he was young, his mother remarried and was raised by his grandmother. Hou Shibiao is famous for his filial piety to his grandmother in the village. Qiao Zhou, a famous scholar, is proficient in the Five Classics, especially Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period. Shu Han was a businessman from the beginning. After the death of Shu Han, Emperor Wu of Jin called the prince to wash the horse. Shi Mi resigned because her grandmother was old and sick and had no one to support her. He has served as Wenxian county magistrate and Hanzhong satrap. After the official exemption, he died at home. He is the author of Ten Narrative Theories, which will not be handed down from generation to generation. His life can be found in Huayang Guozhi and the Book of Jin. The representative figure is Chen Qingbiao.