Sun Simiao (54 1 or 58 1 ~ 682) was a famous Taoist and medical doctor in Tang dynasty. Jingzhao Huayuan (now Yaoxian County, Shaanxi Province) was born. Young, smart and studious. He claimed that "when he was young, he suffered from cold, repeatedly built a medical clinic, used up the money of soup and medicine, and exhausted his family property." And the dragon, through the old, Zhuang and hundreds, good Buddhist scriptures. /kloc-at the age of 0/8, he decided to study medicine. "He is quite open-minded, and he benefits more from those who are sick at home and abroad." In the first year of Dacheng in the Northern Zhou Dynasty (579), he lived in seclusion in Taibai Mountain (now Shaanxi County), learning Tao, refining qi, cultivating self-cultivation, and studying the art of health preservation and longevity. When Zhou Jingdi ascended the throne, Sui Wendi was appointed as a doctor and said that he was ill. In the Great Year of Sui Dynasty (605 ~ 6 18), I visited Emei in the middle of Sichuan. Sui died, hid in, and got along well with the monk's preaching. Emperor Taizong Li Shimin acceded to the throne and was called to the capital. He was knighted for his "Tao", but he refused to accept it, and later returned to Emei to refine "Taiyi Shenjing Dan". In 658, in the third year of Xianqing, Tang Gaozong was recruited to Beijing again and lived in the abandoned house of Princess Poyang. The next year, Emperor Gaozong summoned him and made suggestions to the doctor, but he still refused. In the fourth year of Xianheng (673), Gaozong fell ill, which made him obey the imperial edict. In the first year of Shangyuan (674), he resigned due to illness and returned to the mountain. Emperor Gaozong gave him a good horse. He belongs to Princess Poyang. In the first year of Yongchun, he was ordered to be buried thinly, not to hide funerary objects, and sacrificed to the prison. In the second year of Song Huizong Chongning (1 103), Sun Simiao, a wonderful baby, embodied the spirit of taking benevolence as medicine. He wrote in the book "Great Doctors Sincerely": "A great doctor must treat a disease with peace of mind, have no desire or desire, show great mercy first, and swear to save the suffering of the general spirit. If someone is sick and asks for help, don't ask him if he is poor or rich, always young, hates friendly friends, is ignorant or vulgar. These are all like the thoughts of his closest relatives. Never look back and forth, worry about good or bad, and save your life. Seeing his distress, if you have it, it is deep sorrow. Don't avoid danger and evil. You are hot and cold all day, hungry, exhausted, bent on saving, and have no intention of making any efforts. This can be a lifelong doctor, but he is a spiritual thief. The doctor's body ... goes to the patient's home, keeps walking around, and doesn't look around; Silk and bamboo make up the ears, and there is nothing like entertainment; Precious shame and repeated recommendations are tasteless; Look at Lu and Chen and see if there is anything. A husband is a doctor's law, so don't make jokes, tell jokes, talk about right and wrong, talk about human feelings, show off your reputation, corrupt doctors, and be proud of your own virtue. Accidentally treated a disease, he will be cocky, with a sick look on his face, but he will look confident. His name is a Chinese odyssey, and this doctor is excellent. " These words have shown Sun Simiao's noble medical ethics. It is said that Sun Simiao is good at Yin and Yang, pushing steps, and understanding numbers is very skillful. Life is not official, hidden in the mountains. Collect medicine and treat diseases in person. He collected folk prescriptions and secret recipes, summarized clinical experience and previous medical theories, and made important contributions to medicine and pharmacology. Later generations respectfully called him "the King of Medicine". Based on the theory of zang-fu organs in Huangdi Neijing, the classification, syndrome differentiation and treatment of miscellaneous diseases centered on cold, heat and deficiency of zang-fu organs were put forward for the first time in Qian Jin Fang Yao. After sorting out Treatise on Febrile Diseases, Zhang Zhongjing classified typhoid fever into twelve articles and put forward fifteen taboos for typhoid fever, which was highly valued by later typhoid fever scientists. He collected many medical theories, prescriptions, medication, acupuncture and other experiences from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, as well as health preserving methods such as hooking, dietotherapy, guidance and massage, and wrote 30 volumes of Qian Jin Fang Yao, which is divided into 232 chapters, which is close to the classification method of modern clinical medicine. The book contains 5300 prescriptions and treatises, and there are many kinds of prescriptions and rich contents. It is a representative masterpiece in the development of medicine in the Tang Dynasty in China, and it has obvious influence and contribution to the development of medicine in later generations, especially prescription science. It has also played a positive role in the medical development of Japan and South Korea. The 30-volume Forward Fang Yi belongs to his later works and is a comprehensive supplement to Forward Fang Yao. The book is divided into 189 chapters, including more than 2,900 prescriptions, theories and methods, and records more than 800 kinds of drugs, especially for typhoid fever, stroke, miscellaneous diseases and ulcers. He insists on the method of syndrome differentiation and treatment, and thinks that if people are good at recuperating their lives, they can avoid diseases. As long as "a good doctor guides him with a medical stone and saves him with an injection", "there is a treatable disease in his body shape and an incurable disaster in the world." He attaches great importance to medical ethics, regardless of "rich and poor, old and young, jealous of friends, ignorant." As the saying goes, "life is a matter of life, and there is a precious daughter." He attaches great importance to maternal and child health care, and has written three volumes of Women's Prescription and two volumes of Infant Prescription, which are at the top of Qian Jinfang Yao. Sun Shi thought that "human life is the most important thing, and there is precious gold, while helping it, the virtue is more than that", so he named his two works "Thousands of Women" and "Thousands of Women Belong to the Party" and "Thousands of Women Return to the Wing". The achievements of these two books are as follows: First, there is an in-depth study of Zhang Zhongjing's Treatise on Febrile Diseases, which provides a way for future generations to study Treatise on Febrile Diseases, especially for generalized typhoid fever. He founded the method of studying Treatise on Febrile Diseases from three aspects: prescription, syndrome and treatment, which initiated the precedent of taking prescription as evidence in later generations. Qian Jin Fang Yao is the earliest medical encyclopedia in China, with complete theories, methods and prescriptions. One is recorded in ancient books, and the other is folk unilateral. Widely absorb the strengths of all aspects, suit both refined and popular tastes, and have appropriate priorities today. Many contents are still instructive and of high academic value, and are indeed valuable wealth of traditional Chinese medicine. Qian Jin Fang Yao is a great contribution to the development of prescription science. This book brings together the clinical experience of hundreds of years' achievements in prescription and medicine from Zhang Zhongjing's time to Sun Simiao. After reading Zhongjing's prescription, watching Qian Jin Fang can really open your eyes and broaden your mind, especially the prescriptions from different origins, which shows that Sun Simiao has a wide range of medical sources and superb medical skills. Later generations called Fang the ancestor of magic. Qian Jin Fang Yao has made great contributions to dietotherapy, health preservation and old-age care. Sun Shi can live to be over 100 years old, which is the result of his active advocacy of these theories and his own practice. Sun Simiao's brilliant achievements before his death were revered by people. Known as the "King of Medicine", "Real Person" and "Medicine Sage", Sui and Tang Dynasties highly valued him, and celebrities treated him with courtesy. After his death, people paid homage to Yu Cheng on the bank of Jianshan, his former residence. "Preface to Qiao Shining" said: "Building mountains and burning incense is prosperous in Guanzhong, although the Chinese saying and the true martial arts have not been caught." Sun Simiao also enjoys a high reputation in Japan, especially the famous Japanese doctors Danbo Kanglai and Kojima Shangshi. Sun Simiao devoted a lot of efforts to the study of pharmacology. From the collection and processing of drugs to the understanding of their medicinal properties, from the combination and compatibility of prescription drugs to clinical treatment, Sun Simiao wrote two medical masterpieces with important academic value in the history of medical development in China by referring to previous medical literature and combining his decades of clinical experience. Among them, Qian Jin Fang Yao contains more than 5,000 prescriptions, including medical theories such as diagnosis and syndrome, as well as clinical disciplines such as internal medicine, surgery, gynecology and pediatrics. It not only involves detoxification, first aid, health preservation and dietotherapy, but also includes acupuncture, massage, guidance and breathing, which can be described as a good summary of the development of traditional Chinese medicine before the Tang Dynasty. There are nearly 3,000 prescriptions in Qianjin Fang Yi, covering materia medica, women, typhoid fever, children, nourishing, apoplexy, miscellaneous diseases, sores, color pulse and acupuncture, which is a necessary and beneficial supplement to Qianjin Fangyao. Among more than 800 kinds of drugs collected in the book, more than 200 kinds of drugs introduced the relevant knowledge of drug collection and processing in detail. It is particularly worth mentioning that this book contains the treatise on febrile diseases lost among the people in the Jin and Tang Dynasties, which constitutes nine or twelve volumes alone, becoming the only research work on treatise on febrile diseases in the Tang Dynasty and playing a positive role in promoting the preservation and dissemination of treatise on febrile diseases. In clinical practice, Sun Simiao summed up many valuable experiences, such as "Ashi point" and "focusing on pain". He used animal liver to treat night blindness, sheep thyroid to treat endemic goiter, and milk, beans and bran to prevent beriberi. For pregnant women, it is recommended that the residence be clean and quiet, keep the mood comfortable, and don't be nervous during childbirth; For babies, it is suggested that breastfeeding should be regular and quantitative, usually sunny and don't wear too much clothes ... These ideas still have certain practical significance today. Sun Simiao advocates health preservation and practices it. It is precisely because he is familiar with the art of keeping in good health that he can live to 100 years old and has never been lost. He combined the health care thoughts of Confucianism, Taoism and foreign ancient Indian Buddhists with the health care theory of traditional Chinese medicine, and put forward many practical health care methods, which are still guiding people's daily life, such as keeping a balanced mind and not blindly pursuing fame and fortune; Eat moderately and don't overeat; Pay attention to the circulation of qi and blood, don't be lazy, don't be depressed; Life should be regular, and don't go against the laws of nature ... Yao Qianqian Fang and Qian Qianyi Fang have great influence, and are known as the encyclopedia of ancient medicine in China, which played a historical role after inheriting Han and Wei Dynasties and following Song and Yuan Dynasties. After the publication of the two books, they attracted worldwide attention, and even crossed the ocean and spread widely. During the years of Tianbao, Wanji, Tian Ming, Yongjia and Kuanzheng, Japanese published Thousand Girls, and its influence can be seen. After Sun Simiao's death, people renamed Wutai Mountain, where he lived in seclusion, as Wang Yao, and built a temple statue for him on the mountain. Every year on the third day of the second lunar month, local people hold a temple fair to commemorate Sun Simiao's great contribution to Chinese medicine. The temple fair lasted for half a month, and tourists from all directions came to visit and mourn. There are more than 30 kinds of his works in history, but most of them have been lost. There are 30 volumes of Qian Jin Fang Yao and Qian Jin Fang Yi, which are famous medical works in China. Others, such as the theory of caring for others, the main points of the list crystal and Pirin China, are still partially lost. Sun Simiao is also the inventor of catheterization in the world. According to the record, one patient had urinary retention disease and could not urinate. Sun Simiao saw the patient in pain and thought, "It's too late to take medicine. If you try to insert a tube into the urethra, urine may flow out. " He saw the neighbor's children playing with onion tubes. The onion tube is sharp, thin and soft. Sun Simiao decided to give it a try, so he picked a suitable onion tube, gently burned it on the fire, cut off the tip, carefully inserted it into the patient's urethra, and then blew it hard. Soon the urine really flowed out along the onion tube. The patient's stomach gradually deflated and he recovered.