Huangdi Neijing, as a classic work of traditional medicine in China, not only laid the theoretical foundation for the development of traditional medicine in China, but also established the theoretical framework of traditional nutrition in China, laying the foundation for the development of traditional nutrition in China. On the theory of food performance, Huangdi Neijing put forward the theory of smell. For example, "the qi of the five zang-organs flows from the stomach and melts into the mouth" (Su Wen's Theory of Five Zangs); "Yin qi out-of-body experience, sun be the spirit out-of-body experience. Thick taste is yin, thin taste is yin and yang; Thick gas is yang, and thin gas is yin of yang. Strong flavor is catharsis, while light flavor is communication; Thin gas is venting, and thick gas is hot "("Su Wen Yin Yang Ying Xiang Da Lun ") and so on. The "smell theory" of food performance theory in Huangdi Neijing mainly includes five flavors and four qi. There are many discussions about the five flavors of food in Huangdi Neijing. "Five flavors of Lingshu" says that "there are five flavors of grain gas". The so-called "five flavors" refer to the different flavors of food and drink, such as sweet, bitter, pungent, salty, sour and light. Although there are more than five flavors here, including light flavor, it is customary to classify light flavor into five flavors. As for the functions and yin-yang properties of the five flavors, they are "pungent, bitter, bitter and firm, salty and soft" ... These five flavors are pungent, sour, sweet, bitter and salty, each with its own strong points, or scattered or collected, or slow or urgent, or firm or soft, and the five internal organs are sick all the time, which is suitable for the five flavors "("Su Wen "Six Classics are collected or scattered, and Regarding the relationship between the five flavors of diet and the five internal organs of the human body, "the five flavors have their own ways: the taste of the valley is sour, the liver comes first, the taste of the valley is bitter, and the heart comes first; Gluten, spleen first; Gu Weixin, go to the lungs first; The valley is salty, and the kidney should be taken first "("Lingshu Wuwei "); Five flavors enter: acid enters the liver, pungent enters the lung, bitter enters the heart, sweet enters the spleen, salty enters the kidney and light enters the stomach, which is called five flavors "("Ling Shu Jiu Zhen Lun "); As well as "sour tendons, pungent gas, bitter bones, salty blood and sweet meat" (On Nine Treasures of Lingshu), it shows that the five flavors are also internally related to the theory of meridian tropism, and different flavors have different genetic relationships with the five internal organs. In addition, Huangdi Neijing also uses the theory of five elements to clarify the relationship between the five flavors, such as "acid hurts the tendons, and Xin sheng is sour; Bitterness hurts qi, and salty wins bitterness; Hurt the meat, acid wins the sweetness; What hurts is fur, and what wins hard is people's hearts; Salty hurts blood, and sweetness is better than salt "("Su Wen Yin and Yang should be alike "). The "five flavors" of specific food are also discussed in Huangdi Neijing. For example, "Five Grains" in "Five Flavors of Lingshu", "Five Grains: and Kangmigan, Ma, salty soybeans, bitter wheat and yellow rice. Five fruits: jujube is sweet, plum is sour, chestnut is salty, apricot is bitter and peach is pungent. Five livestock: beef is sweet, dog is sour, pig is salty, sheep is bitter, and chicken is spicy. Five dishes: sunflower, leek, fresh, bitter and spicy onion. In addition to the five flavors, Huangdi Neijing also put forward the concept of "five flavors", that is, smell, smell and rot: "Liver stinks. Heart, its smelly coke. Spleen, it stinks. Brother Long, it stinks. Kidney, stinking "("Su Wenjin Kui Yan Zhen "). Although there is little direct discussion on food four qi in Huangdi Neijing, it can also be reflected from its treatment principles and other aspects.

For example, "those who are hot are cold, and those who are cold are hot" ("Su Wenzhi's Theory of Truth"); "Use cold to stay away from cold, use cold to stay away from cold, use warm to stay away from warm, and use heat to stay away from heat, and eat in the same way" ("Su Wenliu Jacky Ji Da Lun"); "Cold and heat are harmful to the six internal organs" ("Su Wen Yin Yang Ying Xiang Da Lun") and so on. It shows that food also has four different feeding habits: cold, hot, warm and cold. Among them, cold food is mainly used for heat constitution or fever syndrome, and warm food is mainly used for cold constitution or fever syndrome. It should be pointed out that due to the limitation of historical conditions, it is impossible to analyze and study the nutritional components of food in Huangdi Neijing through the laboratory. Instead, the nutritional components of food are collectively called Shui Gu Subtle (Lingshu Wuwei), Subtle (Lingshu Renping Juegu) and Tonifying Food (Su Wen Jing Bielun). The understanding of subtle substances in food is further summarized as "smell theory" mainly through the reaction of food to human body, thus forming a unique "food expression theory" in traditional dietary nutrition science. That is, traditional nutrition is a people-oriented and functional way to understand food nutrition. Compared with western modern nutrition, it has its own characteristics and advantages. Due to the limitation of laboratory conditions, the understanding of food ingredients in modern western nutrition has its limitations. Traditional nutrition in China observes the function of food from the function of food on human body, so we can fully understand the nutritional value of food. The discussion on the basic rules of diet and nutrition in Huangdi Neijing (Su Wen Qian Gu's Naivety) is generally summarized as "moderate diet". Specifically, it mainly includes regulating yin and yang, harmonizing five flavors, adapting to people, adapting to the time, adapting to local conditions and so on. Among them, the related discussions in Huangdi Neijing mostly refer to acupuncture or therapy, but from the concept of "homology of medicine and food", it is also applicable to diet and nutrition.

6. 1 Dietary nutrition rules for regulating yin and yang "Su Wen" said: "Yin and Pingyang are the secret, and qi is the cure" ("Su Wen Angry Heaven"). There is another cloud: "Examine the position of Yin and Yang carefully and adjust it to make it stable for a long time" (Su Wenzhi's Theory of Truth). Because the relative balance of yin and yang is an important condition to maintain good health, diet and nutrition must also focus on regulating the relative balance of yin and yang in order to maintain the relative balance of yin and yang in the body. Therefore, regulating yin and yang constitutes a basic principle of traditional dietary nutrition.

6.2 I want to discuss the dietary nutrition principle of five flavors, namely, the theory of anger and expressiveness, and point out that "Yang is born in five flavors, Yin is born in five houses, and it hurts five flavors. Therefore, the taste is too sour, the liver qi produces fluid and the temper is unique. The taste is too salty, strong and tired, with short muscles and depressed heart. The taste is too sweet, the heart is full of asthma, the color is black, and the kidney is unbalanced. The taste is too bitter, the temper is not strong, and the stomach is strong. The smell is too pungent, the bones and muscles are slack, and the spiritual center. Therefore, it is willing to be in harmony with the five flavors, the bones are healthy and the meat is tender, the qi and blood are running, and the secret is managed. If so, my bones are tempered, my Tao is like Buddhism, and I have a destiny. " "Su Wen Wu Zang Dai" also pointed out: "Eating more salty food will make the pulse cry and change color; Eating too much bitter food will wrinkle the skin and pull out the hair; If you eat more spicy food, your muscles will be anxious and your claws will dry up; If you eat too much acid, your meat will wrinkle and your lips will show; If you eat more sweets, your bones will ache and you will feel weak. This five-flavor injury is also. " It is believed that although the five flavors of diet can preserve health, they are biased towards five flavors, which leads to too many flavors of diet and will cause harm to human body. Therefore, we should "be careful of the five flavors" in order to enjoy the natural life.

6.3 Diet and nutrition method tailored to different people "Life is born with rigidity and softness, weakness and strength, short and long, yin and yang" ("Spirit Pivot First" is rigid and soft); "People are old and strong, young and small, fat and cold" (Lingqi Disorder). There are "twenty-five people of yin and yang" in Lingshu, and people are divided into 25 different physical characteristics according to their different endowments. In addition, there are "five people of Yin and Yang" in Lingshu Tian Tong. Due to the differences in people's physique, gender and age, we should also "know their chubby shape and guard their ups and downs of qi and blood" (Su Wenba's Shen Zhenglun), "Twenty-five Prophets", "People without Five States", "Adjust according to their ups and downs of cold and heat" (Lingshu Shuijing), "More than enough" and so on. Therefore, according to different physique and other conditions, we should adopt

6.4 The diet and nutrition method "Lingshu Four Seasons Qi" holds that "four seasons Qi has its own place". "Ling Shu Shun Qi is divided into four times a day" says that "spring life, long summer, autumn harvest and winter storage are normal qi, and people should also respond accordingly". Su Wen's Four Qi Tunes the Spirit even points out that "the man of Yin and Yang in the four seasons is the foundation of all things. Therefore, saints nourish yang in spring and summer and yin in autumn and winter to take their roots. " "So, the health of a wise man must be suitable for cold and heat in four seasons, and it is harmonious to make money, combining rigidity with softness. If so, the deviant evil will not come, and you will live a long life (Soul Pivot itself). Therefore, dietary nutrition should adapt to the climate changes of the four seasons, and formulate corresponding dietary nutrition methods according to the differences of seasonal cold and heat, which is also the concrete embodiment of the overall concept of "harmony between man and nature" in traditional medicine. As Su Wen said, "heat does not cause heat, cold does not cause cold, and followers are harmonious"; "The cold is far from cold, the cold is far from cold, the warm is far from warm, and the hot is far from hot, so is the food" (Su Wenliu and Jacky Ji Da Lun).

6.5 The law of dietary nutrition according to local conditions: "The ground is high, the temperature is cool, the high one is cold, and the low one is hot" (On Su Wen and Zheng Wuchang). Su Wenyi's Theory on the Righteousness of Fafang also said that "the land of the East, the land where heaven and earth began, the land of fish and salt, and the land of waterfront, all of which are safe and beautiful. Fish makes people warm, salt beats blood, so everyone is black and careless, and its disease is carbuncle, so it is appropriate to treat stones. ..... So the saints are mixed, and each has its own position. Therefore, those who are cured by symptoms, those who are sick, know the general situation. " China has a vast territory, and different climates and geographical environments in different regions have different effects on human physiological functions. Therefore, in terms of dietary nutrition, we should also take into account the different situations of the regional environment and formulate corresponding dietary nutrition methods, that is, the dietary nutrition method according to local conditions. Huangdi Neijing not only emphasizes the suitability of dietary nutrition, that is, "food suitability", but also discusses dietary taboos from another aspect, that is, "food taboos", thus forming a unique "food taboo theory" in China's traditional dietary nutrition. For example, the "five prohibitions" say: "pungent taste is forbidden in liver disease, salty taste is forbidden in heart disease, sour taste is forbidden in spleen disease, sweet taste is forbidden in kidney disease, and bitter taste is forbidden in lung disease" (five flavors of spirit); "Five Laws" said: "Sick in tendons, do not eat sour food; If you are sick, don't eat spicy food; The disease is in the bone, not salty; Sick in blood, not suffering; The disease lies in meat, not sweet. If you are addicted to food and can't eat more, you must cut it yourself and make it cut five times "("On the Nine Truth of Soul Pivot "); In addition, "Su Wenxuan Wu Mingqi" pointed out: "Five flavors are forbidden: Zou Xinqi and Qi deficiency patients should not eat too much pungent; Blood is salty, and blood diseases do not eat salty; Bitter bones, bone diseases are not much; If you are willing to eat meat, you won't eat too much when you are sick; Acidity leads to muscle weakness, and muscle diseases lead to the inability to eat too much acid. It means five bans, no order to eat more. " Emphasize that the five flavors of diet should be restricted according to different diseases. "Su Wen's Abdominal Theory" said: "The stomach heat is gone, and you can't take sorghum, herbs and stone medicines." There are also related discussions in Su Wen's acupuncture theory and Su Wen's dirty qi theory. The theory of "dietary taboo" reflects two points of China's traditional nutritionists' understanding of diet, that is, it emphasizes that all kinds of diets are beneficial to human body, and at the same time, it also sees the negative side, thus further enriching and perfecting China's traditional nutritionists. This philosophical methodology is different from the "view of heat energy" in modern nutrition, which embodies the advanced and practical nature of China's traditional diet nutrition and becomes one of the characteristics of China's traditional diet nutrition. The treatise on diet and nutrition in Huangdi Neijing is very rich. In addition to the above, there are food hygiene, food nutrition and diseases. Such as "eat and drink, the heat is not burning, and the cold is not surging." The cold temperature is moderate, so the qi will be strong, but it will not be evil ("The Biography of Lingshu"); Double the diet itself, the stomach is hurt "("Su Wen Babylon "); ; So the wine is full, the tendons are horizontal, and the intestines are hemorrhoids. Therefore, if you drink too much, your anger will be bad for you "("Su Wen Nu Tian "); The change of sorghum, full of dading "("Su Wen, angry at the sky "); Shui Gu's cold and heat hurt his six entrails "("Su Wen Yin and Yang should be like a big theory ") and so on. To sum up, Huangdi Neijing comprehensively and systematically discusses the relevant theories, principles and methods of traditional nutrition, thus laying the theoretical foundation of traditional nutrition, having an important influence in the history of world nutrition and making great contributions to world nutrition science. It is of great significance to systematically summarize and study its rich nutrition theories, and to arrange and improve them with relevant theories and methods of modern science, so as to inherit and carry forward the traditional nutrition with China characteristics.