Centenarians. There are six versions of Sun Simiao's age: the youngest 10 1 year, the second 120, the third 13 1 year, the fourth 14 1 year. But I'm not young anyway. ) was a famous Taoist priest and medical scientist in the Tang Dynasty, and was known as the "King of Medicine". Jingzhao Huayuan (now Yaoxian County, Shaanxi Province) is a young, intelligent and eager to learn, claiming that "when I was young, I suffered from cold, and I repeatedly built a medical clinic, and the money for soup and medicine was exhausted." And the dragon, through the old, Zhuang and hundreds, good Buddhist scriptures. /kloc-at the age of 0/8, he decided to study medicine. "He is quite open-minded, and he benefits more from those who are sick at home and abroad." In the first year of Dacheng in the Northern Zhou Dynasty (579), he lived in seclusion in Taibai Mountain (now Shaanxi County), learning Tao, refining qi, cultivating self-cultivation, and studying the art of health preservation and longevity. When Zhou Jingdi ascended the throne, Sui Wendi was appointed as a doctor and said that he was ill. In the Great Year of Sui Dynasty (605 ~ 6 18), I visited Emei in the middle of Sichuan. Sui died, hid in, and got along well with the monk's preaching. Emperor Taizong Li Shimin acceded to the throne and was called to the capital. He was knighted for his "Tao", but he refused to accept it, and later returned to Emei to refine "Taiyi Shenjing Dan". In 658, in the third year of Xianqing, Tang Gaozong was recruited to Beijing again and lived in the abandoned house of Princess Poyang. The next year, Emperor Gaozong summoned him and made suggestions to the doctor, but he still refused. In the fourth year of Xianheng (673), Gaozong fell ill, which made him obey the imperial edict. In the first year of Shangyuan (674), he resigned due to illness and returned to the mountain. Emperor Gaozong gave him a good horse. He belongs to Princess Poyang. Sun Simiao Atlas (12) died in the first year of Yongchun, and was ordered to be buried thinly, with no funerary objects hidden, and sacrificed to the prison. Song Huizong Chongning for two years (1 103) was awarded the title of Miaoying as a real person. He is the incarnation of the pharmacist Buddha. When Sun Simiao was studying at the age of seven, he could recite thousands of words every day. I can recite thousands of words every day. At the age of 20, I can talk about the theories of Lao Zi and Zhuangzi in Kan Kan, and I am very proficient in Buddhist classics, so I am called a "holy boy". However, he thinks that taking a career and being a senior official is too sophisticated to casually refuse to grant the imperial seal many times. Emperor Wendi asked him to be a doctor in Guo Zi, but he also refused. After Emperor Taizong ascended the throne, he was called to Beijing. When he saw a man in his fifties who looked, looked and walked like a teenager, he said with great sigh, "So, people who have the means are really worthy of respect! Immortal figures such as Xianmen and Guangchengzi already exist in the world. How can it be empty talk? " The emperor also wanted to make him a title, but Sun Simiao refused. After the emperor ascended the throne, he was asked to be an admonition officer, and it was not allowed. When Sun Simiao retired, Emperor Gaozong gave him a good horse and the residence of the late Princess Poyang. Even the celebrities at that time, such as Song, Meng E and Lu, respected him very much and served him with the skills of teachers in governing the country. The change of Xuanwu Gate took place in the ninth year of Wude, Tang Gaozu (626). After Emperor Taizong ascended the throne, he should have summoned Sun Simiao 627 years later. According to legend, Sun Simiao.
If Sun Simiao was born at 54 1, he should be over 80 years old now. In addition, in May of 23, Emperor Taizong died, and Li Zhi acceded to the throne for Tang Gaozong at the age of 22. The following year (650) was changed to Yonghui. At this moment, how could the emperor ask Sun Simiao, who is over one hundred years old, to be a remonstrator? So the legend that he was born in 54 1 and died in 682 is not true. It is estimated that he was born around 570 and died around 740. On one occasion, Lu asked the teacher a question: "A famous doctor can cure a intractable disease. What is the reason? " Sun Simiao's answer is wonderful, which shows his profound medical attainments. He replied: "People who know the changes of heaven like the back of their hands can of course participate in the discussion of state affairs;" People who have a thorough understanding of human diseases must also be rooted in the changing law of heaven. The weather has four seasons and five elements, which alternate with each other, just like rotation. So how does it work? Good weather; Anger turned into wind; Condense into frost and fog; Propaganda and disagreement are rainbows. This is heaven, and people also correspond to the four limbs and five internal organs, walking day and sleeping at night, breathing essence, getting rid of the old and getting new. The airflow of human body is injected into the whole body, forming Qi Ying and Stephy; Expressed in ambition, manifested in spirit as color; It is the sound that comes out, which is the natural law of the human body. The way of yin and yang is the correspondence between man and nature, and the yin and yang of human body are no different from nature. When the yin and yang of the human body lose their normal state, the qi and blood of the human body will heat up; Cold is caused by deficiency of qi and blood; The accumulation of qi and blood produces tumors and vegetation; Heavy qi and blood; The crazier the qi and blood, the more breathless and weak; Qi and blood failure can lead to mental failure. All kinds of symptoms are manifested, and the changes of qi and blood are also manifested in the form. Isn't heaven and earth the same? "Sun Simiao also summed up the diagnosis method of a good doctor:" Great desire for courage, small desire for heart and round desire for wisdom. " "Boldness" means being as confident and temperament as a soldier; "Small" means being as careful as walking on thin ice and landing on the edge of a cliff. Zhiyuan "means that when things change, we must not stick to it and have the ability to defeat enemy planes first;" Doing business means not being greedy for fame and fortune, but having an open mind. This is Sun Simiao's request for a good doctor. In fact, from the perspective of being a man, being a tolerant and responsible person may not violate this road. Sun Simiao is a first-class master of medical ethics in ancient and modern times, especially his attention to medical ethics, which is a much-told story for later doctors and practitioners. In his famous book Qian Jin Fang, he also put the medical ethics standard of "great doctors are sincere" in an extremely important position, making a special topic and focusing on it. And he himself is one of the representatives of moral cultivation, moral cultivation and both ability and political integrity, and has become a great figure respected by doctors and people in past dynasties.
Textual research on the year of birth and death of editing this passage
abstract
In the year of Sun Simiao's death, The Biography of Sun Simiao in Old Tang Dynasty was called "Death in the First Year of Yongchun". New Tang Book, Biography of Sun Simiao and Sun Simiao
"It's called' early spring, pawn'. According to the year number of Tang Gaozong Yongchun, there are only two years, and the first year of Yongchun is 682 AD, which is the early year of Yongchun. Two books of the Tang Dynasty did not reach this point, and scholars in ancient and modern times basically talked about it today. However, this year, Liu Su (Yuan He,:) called Sun Shi's "The Death of Yonghui" in "The New Tales of the Tang Dynasty" and Shenfen's "The Biography of Immortals" in the Southern Tang Dynasty even claimed that Sun Shi died on February 15th, the second year of Yonghui (AD 652), so it was questioned. In our opinion, although Sun Simiao explicitly mentioned the chronological record of his activities in his works such as "Preparing a Thousand Girls" and "Wings of a Thousand Girls", it was only in the second year of Yonghui (AD 650) that he regarded Yi Jian as a hero at the latest. Although there are many doubts about Sun Chuan's loss in the Book of the Tang Dynasty, Sun Shi was summoned by Emperor Gaozong in the year of Emperor Xianqing (AD 656-66 1 year), and there are similar records in the Book of the Tang Dynasty and Don Yao Hui. Sun Shi entered Jiucheng Palace with him, and Lu lived with him in Guangde Square and other places. This can prove that (Tang Xinyu) especially designed the activities of the early Tang emperors. According to the author's textual research on Notes on Twenty-two Histories, most of them were collected and made reference to the records of emperors in this period. Therefore, it is credible that Emperor Gaozong summoned the Muse in Qing Dynasty and Sun Shi died in Jiucheng Palace or even in the early spring. For Sun Simiao's birth year, although most scholars at home and abroad say that it is 58 1 year, there are still different opinions, mainly including:
Born at 58 1.
Qing Ji Xiaolan's Summary of the General Catalogue of Sikuquanshu said: "The Biography of Hermit in the Tang Dynasty is called the portrait of Sun Simiao, the secretariat of childhood.
Duguxin is called a holy boy; And the dragon lives in seclusion in Taibai Mountain. Emperor Wendi of Sui assisted the imperial court, and he was recruited by Dr. Guo Zi. Sorry, Muse was born in the Zhou Dynasty and has been growing since then. However, Lu's Preface to the Sick Pear Tree says that' Gui You was born in Chang 'an at the age of ninety-two, and was born in Chang 'an at the age of ninety-two', so he was born in the Sui Dynasty. According to the neighbor, he is a disciple of the Muse. Remember what his teacher said, and you won't make a mistake. However, according to Sui Shu, people found that the title of emperor lasted for 20 years, ending in the second year of Geng Shen and Xin You. Renshou has changed to Yuan Dynasty, which is inconsistent with the Book of Poetry. Tang Gaozong Xianheng rose from four years to 92 years, which was the second year of Emperor Wu's reign. That's not the heart, and the branches don't correspond. However, 93 years after Gui You's promotion, it was the first year of the first emperor's reign, when he made an ugly appearance, covering his neighbors and spreading falsehood. He took ugliness as his heart and took 93 as 92. History says that Si Miao died in the first year of Yongchun. He has been 100 years old, and naturally he was pushed to open the emperor's heart and ugliness in the first year. A few years later, he was born, and he lived in seclusion, which is a historical mistake. According to Ji Xiaolan, Sun Simiao was born in Xin Chou (AD 58 1) in the first year of Wendi, and died in Renwu (AD 682) in the first year of Yongchun, Tang Gaozong, at the age of 102.
Born 560 years ago.
Feidedao's Brief History of China Medicine holds that two Tang Shu-sun said that Sun Shi lived in Taibai Mountain for royal reasons when Emperor Xuandi of the Zhou Dynasty and appointed Sun Shi as a national doctor when Emperor Wendi assisted the government, so he could not afford to get sick. It is inferred that Sun Simiao passed the age of weak crown at least in 578-579, so Sun Shi should have been born before 560 AD, and his age should be above 120. Shi He also advocated a similar theory.
Born at 54 1.
Ma Boying and others hold this view. Their main point is: In the past, historians thought that the heart was really ugly and made a mistake, so we should follow the image of Sun Simiao in The Preface to the Sick Pear Tree this year.
The statement that "92" was changed to "93 this year" is not sufficient and reliable, and it is pointed out that three historical materials, such as "History of the North" and "Zhou Shu", are not credible, that is, there is no record that Dugu trusted the general manager of Luozhou, and it is also denied that Taibai Mountain lived in seclusion, and Emperor Wendi of Sui was praised as a child prodigy. Ma Boying and others think that Sun Shi's claim that "the heart was born in Kaiyuan" is an empty talk. Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty was born in the seventh year of Datong in Liang Dynasty (AD 54 1), which is exactly the same. The whole sentence can be understood as "I was born in the same year as Emperor Kaidi, that is, (AD 54 1). They think that with this inference, historical materials such as Dugu's belief in praising the "holy boy" (probably during his return to Chang 'an in 550-556), Emperor Wendi's courtship and negotiation can be explained. Ai Guo-Chun is also a master of the theory of 54 1 year. Accordingly, Sun Shi's age is 14 1 year.
Born around 5 15 or 5 18.
According to Huang Zhuzhai's Biography of the Medical Fairy Sun Zhenren, Du praised Sun Simiao as a "child prodigy", which should be that he was ordered to join Fu Yue (He August) in Datong, Guanzhong in six years (AD 534). At this time, Sun Simiao's age is weak, and it will be nineteen years. Therefore, Sun Shi's birth year should be the 14th year of Tian Liang (AD 5 15), the first year of Yongchun. Similar to this view is the book "Unification Hall" written by Qing Liu Song Yu. According to his calculation, Du's evaluation time was between the third year of Liang Datong (AD 537) and the fourth year of Datong (AD 538). At that time, Sun Shi was 20 years old. He was born in the first year to the second year of the Northern Wei Dynasty.