Japanese model: Japanese urban farms mainly provide agricultural leisure experience services for tourists. Tourists can engage in farming activities such as transplanting rice seedlings, harvesting, grazing, milking and fishing, which are very popular among urban residents and have developed a considerable number of tourists.
Korean mode: Korean farms mainly appear in the surrounding areas of some big cities, mainly in the form of "sightseeing farms" and "weekend farms", providing tourists with various services such as catering, accommodation, farming experience, leisure and entertainment. The Korean government provides funds and policy support for leisure farms, forming a large-scale agricultural tourism economy.
American model: American leisure farms mainly use the vast land space and rich natural resources in the suburbs to provide leisure services such as camping, fishing and horseback riding, and at the same time use family farms to develop special leisure tourism projects, which receive more than 20 million tourists every year.
French model: France has established leisure agriculture industry associations to provide leisure and entertainment activities such as food, sightseeing and wine tasting in rural areas and farms around cities. The annual output value of leisure agriculture economy exceeds 70 billion francs.
German model: A large number of "holiday farms" distributed in German cities and outer suburbs mainly provide farm holiday services for urban residents, where tourists can not only experience farm life, but also get in touch with people naturally and enjoy the unique rural scenery. More than 65,438+0/2 tourists stay for more than 65,438+0 weeks at a time, and more than 60% tourists visit the leisure farm 2-3 times a year.
With the continuous development of social economy, China's rural tourism market has gradually formed and developed rapidly, and the number and scale of leisure farms have also expanded significantly, forming the following common development models.
Beijing mode: Beijing mode mainly meets residents' leisure and holiday needs through more comfortable leisure and holiday environment and places, leisure and entertainment activities with cultural connotation and educational leisure and agricultural experience. In the 1990s, Chaoyang District Government of Beijing put forward the "Agricultural Development Strategy", which clearly and vigorously developed urban agriculture. From 65438 to 0996, Beijing listed sightseeing agriculture as the six major agricultural development industries in the city. At present, there are some representative leisure farms in Beijing, such as Xiaotangshan Modern Ecological Agriculture Sightseeing Park, splendid china Agricultural Science and Technology Exhibition Hall, panggezhuang Watermelon Picking Garden and Miao Feng Mountain cherry orchard, which mainly provide tourists with leisure and entertainment projects such as agricultural sightseeing and farming experience. In addition, Beijing has also built folk cultural tourism villages such as Yaoqiaoyu Village in Miyun, Shentangyu Village in Huairou, and Bodhisattva Deer Village in Changping to provide tourists with one-stop leisure travel services such as accommodation, food, sightseeing and entertainment.
Shanghai model: Shanghai attracts urban residents to visit, experience, shop and play through leisure farms and sightseeing agricultural parks. At present, the representative leisure farms in Shanghai are: Pudong Sun Qiao Modern Agricultural Park, which mainly provides agricultural science and technology exhibition, orchard picking experience, sightseeing and other services; Chongming Island Green Agricultural Ecological Park mainly provides services such as farming experience, sightseeing and farmhouse music. Camden Garden and China Flower Training Base mainly focus on flowers, providing gardening, viewing and leisure tourism; Songjiang vegetable garden has created an idyllic landscape tour and green vegetable sales, attracting a large number of tourists.
Guangzhou Model: Taking participation, experience and purchase as the theme, and relying on leisure agricultural resources such as agriculture, forest and fruit, picking, tasting and sightseeing activities are carried out. Since 1990s, Guangzhou Municipal Government has formulated many policies and documents to encourage and support the development of leisure farms. The more representative leisure farms are: agricultural sightseeing and leisure tourism with flowers as the main body launched by Chencun Flower World in Shunde; Panyu Million Sunflower Garden mainly provides agricultural sightseeing, leisure picking and entertainment projects; Conghua Agricultural Grand View Garden is a comprehensive sightseeing and leisure tourism project of modern agriculture. In addition, Panyu Hengjian Holiday Farm provides accommodation, food, sightseeing and leisure tourism projects for tourists.
Chengdu's "farmhouse" mode: Chengdu's "farmhouse" mainly relies on the rural humanities and natural resources around the city to develop leisure farms, mainly providing weekend leisure and holiday services for urban residents. Representative ones are: Nongke Village in Youai Township, Pixian County develops sightseeing and leisure tourism projects relying on local flowers, bonsai and seedling production resources; Orchard leisure farms such as Taoyuan and Liyuan in Longquanyi Learning Village provide picking, sightseeing and fruit sales services for tourists; Types of hotels in natural scenic spots, such as rural hotels developed by villages in Dujiangyan and Qingcheng Mountain.
The leisure farm in China is a characteristic industry in China, which integrates many foreign leisure farms, theme parks, campsites, gardens, micro-resorts and other formats. With the continuous promotion of quality education and the increasingly serious problem of aging population, the integration of farm education and old-age care will become a new development trend.
1 agriculture+education
A large number of practices have proved that the development and construction of agricultural popular science education research base is an important way to strengthen agricultural popular science education and quality education for primary and secondary school students in China, and it has been paid more and more attention by relevant departments of primary and secondary schools and favored by families. So "agriculture+education" is the development trend of leisure farms in the future. Agricultural popular science education base is a leisure agricultural base that uses agricultural production, ecological environment, animals and plants, rural life culture and other resources to design experience activities and complete the popularization of agricultural science and technology and knowledge in a leisure form and with a relaxed attitude. It mainly serves children, adolescent students and city tourists who are interested in agricultural knowledge and natural science knowledge, taking into account the dual functions of knowledge dissemination and leisure and entertainment. Popular science education theme Leisure farms can be generally divided into moral education and ninth grade, cultural and artistic exhibition, animal and plant cognition exhibition and quality development according to the different educational themes of their internal attractions. Taking moral education and rural cultural education as the theme, such as rural history and culture, ancient agricultural machinery and tools display, specialty display, farming operation, environmental protection, cultural education, hiking, team exploration and so on. Take local culture and art education as the theme. Such as art exhibition, flower arrangement, relief, compilation, pottery, root carving, different stones, melon and fruit carving, ornamental fish tank design, residential design and decoration. With the theme of biological cognition and skills training and education, including the cognition of various animals and plants and outdoor development training.
2 Agriculture+Pension
With the aging of population structure, the improvement of residents' consumption level, environmental pollution, food safety and other issues becoming increasingly prominent, and the introduction of relevant national policies, "agriculture+pension" will become a new agricultural business model and development direction. "Yang Kang Farm" will focus on health and leisure vacation, and develop leisure agriculture, health and entertainment, medical services, health and vacation and other functions. First of all, according to the needs of the elderly, the housing is planned as a relatively flexible holiday house, equipped with living facilities needed by the elderly, and rented to the elderly who want to keep fit and spend their holidays in the city regularly or irregularly. Secondly, provide farmland leasing experience, reserve some agricultural land, lease farmland as needed, and provide technical guidance services for the elderly with farming needs. Third, carry out visits, fruit picking and other activities, and hold various cultural activities. In addition, according to the specific situation of the elderly, health recipes can be specified for the elderly in need.
Author Liu Zhihua, Tian, Guan Haiyan,
China Agricultural University Agricultural Planning Integrated Service Platform
Zhongnongda agriculture planning and design institute