Among the pre-Qin philosophers, Lao Zi and Zhuangzi also said that Sima Qian was a big family of Confucius, but he combined Lao Zi, Zhuangzi, Shen and Han into one biography, indicating that in Sima Qian's mind, Confucius and Lao Zi were not at the same level at all, and Confucius was far above Lao Zi and Zhuangzi. As far as thinking is concerned, Lao Zi's "inaction" and Zhuangzi's "seclusion" are in the same strain, so they are both highly respected by Taoism, while Confucius actively participates in politics, such as Qi Zhiping, and writes moral articles seriously.

Some people say: "Laozi's' being born without' is a subjective assumption, which is meaningless and almost equivalent to nonsense", which abandons the core of his philosophical dialectics. Of course, Zhuangzi's seclusion is not the right way. He evaded the basic proposition of the meaning of life. From the two propositions of "the meaning of life lies in doing" and "the meaning of life lies in avoiding doing", I naturally think that Confucius' Confucianism is closer to the essence of life. It's just that no matter whether you join the WTO or live in seclusion, you can't break it without this smelly bag. But it is precisely Laozi and Zhuangzi, especially Zhuangzi, who have a good theory on health preservation. There is a special article about keeping in good health in Zhuangzi's Inner Chapter, namely Master of Keeping in Good Health. Although this article talks about health preservation between the lines, it actually reflects the author's philosophy and life purport.

"Master of health care" is the essence of health care. The so-called cultivation refers to nourishing, cultivating, maintaining, cultivating and cultivating; By life, I mean life. Health preservation means both physical and mental cultivation, that is, "keeping the overall shape of God" and "keeping shape and concentrating", so as to gain more vigorous vitality. Zhuangzi believes that the key to keeping in good health is to conform to nature, be forgetful and not be led by foreign things. The first paragraph is the general outline of the whole article, pointing out that the most important thing in health preservation is to "think about classics because of karma", that is, to adhere to the virtual Tao in things and conform to the changes and development of nature. Wang Qingxian said: "Don't live with things, love yourself, this is the founder of health preservation in Zhuangzi." Man's life is limited and his knowledge is infinite. It is too dangerous to pursue infinite things with limited time and think you are "smart". "A good man has no near name, and an evil man has no near punishment", "The governor's orders are studied", "You can protect yourself all your life", "Punishment" and "fame" are tireless. As the saying goes, "Heaven has its own years, let it die, and it will be exhausted".

Zhuangzi's principle of keeping in good health, that is, "the fate of supervising classics", is to be in harmony with nature and always be calm. From Laozi and Zhuangzi to Huangdi Neijing, it embodies the ancient people's natural view of "harmony between man and nature". Heaven and earth are a big universe, and human body is a small universe, which shows that human body must conform to the laws of nature in order to maintain normal life activities. "If you go against it, it will be a disaster. If you break it, you can't afford it. It is a way. " Su Wen and Ancient Naivety in Huangdi Neijing said: "Ancient people knew that they could learn Yin and Yang, count tricks, eat moderately and not rashly, so they could be in harmony with God and die at the age of 100." Among them, "yin and yang" and "magic number" are such natural views.

The high rhythm of modern economy and society makes people in a fierce competitive atmosphere for a long time. The working environment, social environment, value choice and emotional input among family members may make them extremely nervous, depressed and disappointed, resulting in ups and downs. When we can't bear this overload of mental pressure, we often can't grasp this spiritual and emotional appeal and lose self-control. Everyone will always encounter many unsatisfactory things in life. Not everyone has enough solving ability and will feel lost. The emotional reaction derived from the sense of loss will make people feel pessimistic, disappointed, unconfident and even cynical. If we can know the truth of the unity of man and nature, the book "The View of Destiny" will relieve the pressure and overcome this negative "gray" psychology. According to legend, the Yellow Emperor once went to Kongtong Mountain and asked Guang, who had attained immortality, for advice on health preservation. Guang Chengzi told him: "Ignore and don't listen, stick to God and be calm, and be self-righteous. You must be quiet, do not work hard, do not shake its essence, but you can live forever. "

In the second paragraph, I use an expert to compare Liang's understanding of cattle. "Although many cows don't hurt their blades, they are not tired." It shows that people living in a complex society should find a law that adapts to reality without damaging their own vitality. In dealing with the world and life, we should "follow nature" and "follow nature", and take the imaginary "space" as a measure to avoid the entanglement of improper right and wrong and contradictions. It is emphasized that in the process of health preservation, we should not violate the laws of nature, but also pay attention to the harmony between man and nature. As the Huangdi Neijing said, "If you know astronomy from above, geography from below, and personnel from the middle, you can last for a long time". It is not recommended that people always pay attention to the "things" in the external world, but should take the changing mechanism of everything in heaven and earth as the basis for regulating body and mind, that is, introspection, so as to achieve harmony between man and nature. Therefore, China's Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, medicine, martial arts and other factions all regard "nourishing the heart" as an important way to preserve health.

Nourishing the heart is aimed at psychological factors in people's daily life, such as depression, disharmony and passive personality characteristics. Nourishing the heart is to be calm, keep the spirit inside, and keep healthy qi playing a leading role in health preservation. As the saying goes, "healthy qi exists inside, and evil cannot be done."

In social life, people must correctly evaluate themselves, keep a normal heart at all times, don't have a hard time with themselves, do their best, not be weak, but be weak when they die. In daily life and in the workplace, we should cultivate ourselves to have a broad mind and be kind and considerate of others.

Confucius said, "a gentleman has three precepts: when he is young, his blood gas is uncertain, so he should quit it;" It is also strong and bloody, and it is fighting; Even when you are old, your blood will decline, so you can get rid of it. This shows that Confucius attached great importance to the health of human qi and blood resources. He believes that sexual desire, material desire and profit desire will all affect the internal balance of the body, so they must be well restrained. Among them, the view of "getting rid of it when you are old" is especially worth pondering for middle-aged and elderly people. Middle-aged and elderly people have experienced many vicissitudes of life, and we should deeply understand that life does not bring death, but life is just a process.

In the third paragraph, Zhuangzi used the right teacher as a metaphor, saying that "the official document pavilion was surprised to see the right teacher". No matter whether people are born with disabilities or fate, Zhuangzi's original intention is to show that physical disabilities have no impact on health. "Ze pheasant peck ten steps, hundred steps to drink, not for livestock. Although God is king, he is not good. " It means that if a pheasant is kept in a cage, even if it is full of energy, it will not feel comfortable. It shows that if the spirit is bound, it will do great harm to health, which is just the opposite of the right teacher mentioned before. The right teacher is a god, physical disability does not hinder health, and pheasants are uncomfortable in cages, indicating that health is mainly leisure.

Then Zhuangzi used the metaphor of "death, Qin dereliction of duty, three sunrises" to further illustrate his attitude of "letting nature take its course". The book Lost is called Ai. Qin Gui and Lao Dan are both men of insight who look down on life and death. Therefore, Qin Gui said to Lao Dan's disciples, "At first I thought he was a human being, but now he is not", and told them that human beings are destined to live and die, but now they hate death. Too sentimental, forgetting the truth of being ordered by heaven, damaged their spirit. Lao Dan was born accidentally because he adapted to the normal development of nature, and his accidental death was also the inevitable result of his obedience to nature. "Harmony without difference" and "joy without joy", the death of a person is like God untied a hanged person and made him return to nature. Then, people's life and death are also natural phenomena, and there is no need to be too excited to affect health.

"It means that your salary is poor and the fire has spread. I don't know what to do." This is the last sentence of this article. Some scholars believe that there may be an escape, that is, just like making a fire with firewood, from one piece to another, purely from the phenomenon, each piece of firewood is easy to burn out, but the fire can continue, and people will not feel that the firewood is constantly exhausted. The meaning here is also found in Mozi's book, Gongsun Zilong's book and Zhuangzi's theory of uniformity of things, all of which are interpreted as "view", "concept" or "* * * phase", but in Zhuangzi's view, "salary" is an idea, "fire" is the essence, and "salary" cannot replace "fire". He used "fire" as a metaphor for people's spiritual culture and "salary" as a metaphor for people's body, indicating that although life is short, people's spiritual culture can last forever. At the same time, it also reveals the principle of the existence of form and spirit, and proves that the way of health preservation should pay attention to spiritual life and put life and death aside.

When people reach middle age, their knowledge and experience are increasingly rich, but their physiology and psychology begin to decline from the peak. Physical fatigue, physiological function degradation and long-term energy overdraft are easy to cause psychological imbalance due to interpersonal tension, changes in social conditions and changes in cultural ideology, thus causing various diseases. We see that once famous names left us in the golden age of their lives, and that familiar figures suddenly passed away in glory, which makes us lament the fragility of life. Middle age is the "eventful autumn" of human physiology and psychology. As the saying goes, "people look for a doctor before forty, and find someone after forty." When we go through the ups and downs of life again, especially standing on the threshold of middle-aged and elderly people, revisiting Zhuangzi's article "The Lord of Health Preservation" may bring us some new enlightenment.

[Attachment]: Original text of "Health Master"

My life is limited, but so is my knowledge. With the limit, there is no limit, and it is almost there; It's almost enough for people who already know! Good has no near name, and evil has no near punishment. The Governor thinks that classics can preserve our health, nurture our life, support our loved ones and last for several years.

I know how to solve the problem for Wen. What does my hand touch, what does my shoulder lean on, what does my foot step on, what does my knee stand on, and what does my knife hit? However, it is alto, suitable for mulberry dance, and it is a classic first encounter.

Wen said, "Good! So much for technical coverage? "

My master put a knife on him and said, "I am good at what I do, and my technology is advanced." When the first minister took care of the cow, all he saw was the whole cow. I haven't seen all the cows for three years. At this time, I saw God instead of looking at him. Zhi Zhi was an official and wanted to do something. According to heaven, approve and guide big, because it is true; Technology and experience are not bad, but the situation is very bad! A good man is a better cutter; There are many knives and many folds in the family month. Today, I killed thousands of cows with my sword for nineteen years, but if the blade is new. There are gaps on both sides, but the blade is not thick. Without thickness, there will be room for recovery, so 19 years, the blade is still new. Although, whenever it comes to kinship, I find it very difficult, but I dare not take it as a warning. I watched it, and it was too late to move the knife. I have solved it myself, such as the land of the Land Commission. Stand with a knife, look around for it, be full of ambition, and hide it with a good knife.

Wen said, "Good! I listened to my master and I have to stay healthy. "

Wen Wenxuan was surprised to see the right teacher. "Who is it?" Is it evil? Heaven and man? Yue: "Heaven is also inhuman. Heaven is born unique, and people's appearance is both. Therefore, it is inhuman to know the sky. "

Zepheasant pecks every ten steps and drinks every hundred steps, leaving no livestock in the van. Although God is king, he is not good.

Dead, Qin hung up and came out in three days. Disciple said, "Is it evil not to be friends with Master?" Say: "Ran". "But, you hang up, what can you do?" Said, "Nature. At first I thought he was a man, but now he is not. Hanging to me, there are old people crying, such as crying their sons; Crying less is like crying for your mother. If he knew, someone would have cried without saying anything. This is the punishment for escaping from heaven when you forget your suffering. At the right time, so is the master; Appropriate, the master is also suitable. When you are safe, you can't enter sadness and joy.

The ancients said it was the emperor's county solution. "

It means that poverty is the wage, fire is spreading, and I don't know what to do.