Geoparks undertake three tasks: first, protect geological relics and protect the natural environment; Second, popularize earth science knowledge and promote the improvement of public scientific quality; Third, carry out tourism activities to promote the sustainable development of local economy and society.
China Geopark System has begun to take shape. With the development of geoparks, the protection of geological relics in China has entered a new stage of development. Relying on the construction of geological parks, many precious geological relics have been effectively protected, and the popularization level of social earth knowledge has been rapidly improved. At the same time, it also promoted the development of tourism and related industries, and promoted local economic and social development and cultural revitalization.
In order to strengthen the management of geoparks, further standardize the planning and construction of geoparks in China, and guide the planning and compilation of national geoparks, this technical requirement is formulated. The planning of geological parks should follow the following basic principles:
1. Give priority to protection, make scientific planning and make rational use of it.
2. Reflect the purpose of the geopark and highlight its characteristics.
3. Overall planning, do a good job with the relevant planning convergence. (1) Laws and regulations:
Land Management Law of the People's Republic of China
law of the people's republic of china law
People's Republic of China (PRC) Environmental Protection Law
People's Republic of China (PRC) Urban and Rural Planning Law
People's Republic of China (PRC) and the National Water Law
People's Republic of China (PRC) forest law
People's Republic of China (PRC) wildlife protection law
Regulations of People's Republic of China (PRC) Municipality on the Protection of Wild Plants
Regulations of People's Republic of China (PRC) Municipality on the Administration of Nature Reserves
Regulations of People's Republic of China (PRC) Municipality on Scenic Spots
National Outline of Ecological Environment Protection (Guo Fa [2000] No.38)
Regulations on the protection and management of geological relics (Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources)
Measures for the Administration of Paleontological Fossils (Ministry of Land and Resources)
(2) Technical specifications, standards and guidelines:
Technical Requirements and Work Guide for the Construction of China National Geopark (Ministry of Land and Resources, 2002- 1 1)
World Geopark Network Guidelines and Standards (UNESCO Geological Department, 2008-06)
Code for Planning of Scenic Spots (GB50298- 1999)
Principles for Classification of Nature Reserves (GB/T 14529-93)
General Principles of Tourism Planning (GB/T 1897 1-2003)
Code for Compilation of National Nature Reserve Master Plan (State Environmental Protection Bureau, 1996)
Notice on Strengthening the Examination and Approval of National Geoparks (No.50 [2009] of the Ministry of Land and Resources)
(three) the relevant planning of geopark site selection:
National economic and social development planning, land use planning, mineral resources planning, environmental protection planning, urban planning, tourism development planning, nature reserve planning, scenic area planning, forest park planning, transportation planning, geological environment protection planning, mine geological environment protection planning, etc. (1) Reasonably delimit and clearly define the scope of the geopark.
1. The principle of scope division
The delineation of the scope of geological parks should be based on the basic principle of being able to accommodate the main geological relics that constitute geological parks and being effectively protected, so as to facilitate management, avoid the planned area of parks being too large, give full consideration to the occurrence of mineral resources in the region and local economic construction, avoid setting mining rights in parks, and pay attention to coordination with local economic development.
2. Expression of scope
In addition to the text description, the scope of the geopark should also be marked with the coordinates of the boundary control points (inflection points) on the topographic map of an appropriate scale. If there is any change in the scope of the park, the change must be marked, and the reasons and reasons for the change must be explained.
3. Land ownership and use
The land ownership of geological parks should be clear. Land owners in the park should obey the management requirements of geological relics protection, and their land use should conform to the planning of geological parks. If necessary, they should be agreed in the form of "contract" and "agreement".
4. Delimitation
Geopark boundaries and functional area boundaries in the Geopark must be accurately delineated by surveying and mapping instruments or GPS locators (indicating errors), and the coordinates of important inflection points of the boundaries must be determined, and marked on the actual data map of the demarcation of Geopark Park with the topographic map of the corresponding scale as the base map (the scale is determined according to the requirements of the planning map). According to the needs of actual management, obvious boundary markers or signs should be set up according to the boundary types. A list file should be established for the graphics and measured data of the boundary delineation of geological parks.
In order to facilitate management, on the premise of ensuring the integrity and effective protection of geological relics, boundary demarcation can make full use of terrain and feature boundaries with obvious demarcation characteristics such as ridge line, valley line, river center line, waterfront, cliff edge line, road, administrative area boundary and land ownership boundary.
(2) Geoparks and functional areas
1. Parks and attractions
In the park, according to the spatial distribution and combination characteristics of geological relics and other landscape types, the natural division of landforms, the connectivity of traffic, and especially the factors of administrative areas, geological parks can be divided into relatively independent parks and scenic spots under parks. In order to facilitate the unified management of parks, a park should be relatively concentrated, and the number should not be too much.
2. Functional area division
The division of functional areas should be based on the different land use functions, the requirements of geological relics protection and the needs of tourism activities. Within the park or independent park, the following functional areas can be divided as appropriate: gate area, tourist service area, popular science education area, geological relics protection area, natural ecological area, tourist area (including geological, humanistic, ecological and special landscape tourist areas), park management area, residential area reservation area, etc.
These include:
Geological relics protection areas: according to the importance of the protected objects, they are divided into special protection areas (points), first-class protection areas, second-class protection areas and third-class protection areas. The scope of protected areas must be accurately delineated (with important inflection point coordinates). Protected areas at all levels should have clear protection requirements: super protected areas are the core protected areas in geological parks, and tourists are not allowed to enter. Only approved scientific research managers are allowed to enter for protection and scientific research activities, and no facilities are allowed to be built in the area; The first-class protected area can be equipped with necessary sightseeing trails and related facilities, but it must be coordinated with the landscape environment, control the number of tourists, and prohibit motor vehicles from entering; Two or three protected areas belong to general protected areas, allowing the construction of a small number of geological tourism service facilities, but it is necessary to limit the construction of buildings unrelated to geological landscape sightseeing, and the buildings and facilities should be coordinated with the landscape environment. All geological relics protection areas shall not carry out any engineering construction activities inconsistent with the protection function; Prohibit the exploration and development of mineral resources; No large-scale service facilities such as hotels, guest houses, training centers and sanatoriums shall be built.
Within the scope of the park, according to the local economic development plan approved before the establishment of the geological park, the project construction unit will supplement the feasibility demonstration report on the protection of geological relics, which can only be started after being audited by the provincial land and resources management department and reported to the Ministry of Land and Resources for approval. The construction unit shall ensure that its construction activities shall not damage the geological relics in the park.
Geoparks are forbidden to cut mountains and fill the sea and other activities that destroy landforms, landscapes and vegetation, and no industrial development zones of any form may be established.
Popular Science Education Area: Park Museum, Popular Science Movie Hall and Geological Popular Science Square are generally located in this area. Considering the construction of existing scenic spots, parks with conditions can establish popular science education bases and popular science training bases for young people and open up special popular science tourist routes.
Tourist service area: service industries related to tourism can be developed in the service area, and other industries can be controlled. Industries that pollute the environment and destroy the landscape are not allowed to develop. The service area can be controlled within 2% of the total area of the geological park.
(3) Investigation, evaluation, registration and protection of geological relics.
Geological relics shall be investigated, evaluated, registered and protected (see attached table 1 for classification of geological relics). The plan should explain the investigation, evaluation, registration and protection status of geological relics in the park.
1. Geological Relics Survey
The main contents of geological relics investigation include: finding out the types and spatial distribution of geological relics that should be protected in the park; Geological and geomorphological background of geological relics, such as rocks and strata that constitute geological relics, structures and external forces that control the formation of geological relics, and geomorphological type units where geological relics are located, etc. Various parameters that can describe and analyze the shape and characteristics of geological relics; The present situation of destruction and protection of geological relics; Natural and man-made factors that destroy or threaten geological relics.
The information and data collection of geological relics field investigation should meet the requirements of geological relics evaluation and the establishment of geological relics database in geological parks.
The investigation of geological relics should be based on the completed medium and large-scale regional geological survey results and take the measured large-scale topographic map as the carrier to improve the accuracy and controllability of the investigation.
2. Evaluation and registration of geological relics
According to the scientific value, aesthetic value, popular science education value and tourism development value, the geological relics are comprehensively evaluated with reference to relevant factors, and the geological relics are divided into four grades: world-class, national, provincial and sub-provincial. List all geological relics in the park according to their categories and levels, and log them in the archives and databases according to relevant technical requirements, so as to provide a basis for effective protection and scientific management (the measures for geological relics database shall be formulated separately).
3. Protection of geological relics
Divide the geological relics in the park into super-grade, first-grade, second-grade and third-grade geological relics protection zones, list their main influencing factors and protection requirements respectively, and formulate scientific and reasonable protection schemes and measures to effectively protect the geological relics in the park. The responsibility for the protection of super-grade and first-class geological relics should be implemented to people.
(D) the scientific interpretation system of geoparks
The scientific interpretation system is the main feature of geological parks, and its contents include: indoor and outdoor interpretation facilities (geological museum, popular science film hall, parks and parks' main and auxiliary monuments, interpretation monuments, signs, columns, traffic signs, etc. ), explanation personnel and explanation equipment, explanation publications (park science guide map, geological park series, geological park commentary and main geological science popularization routes, popular science audio-visual publications, etc.).
Requirements:
Geological museum: Geoparks should establish museums in corresponding areas, focusing on popularizing the knowledge of geological scenery in parks. Independent parks should establish corresponding exhibition rooms.
Popular Science Movie Hall: It is the best way to introduce park science, history and culture to tourists through popular science movies. Each park should establish a popular science movie hall with appropriate scale and technical level.
Explanation board: scientific, popular and intuitive explanation boards should be set up in Chinese and English (or in other languages according to local conditions) for major geological relics. There should be no less than 50 national geoparks; There are many independent parks in the Geopark, and each independent park should be no less than 30.
Introduction: geological museum's commentary should be included in the planning (different versions should be prepared for different audiences).
Guide equipment: Each independent park must be equipped with a certain number of full-time tour guides, who must undergo on-the-job training and take up their posts after passing the examination. And draw up regular geoscience knowledge training plans and requirements (not less than one week a year, and increase foreign language training in the World Geopark).
Geopark series: it is a set of self-help tour guide series of geoparks, which requires each geopark to compile a set and publish it publicly.
Scientific guide map of geological park: it is a set of tourist guide map with digital map as the base map, which directly shows the geological and geomorphological characteristics. Each geopark is required to prepare one (ordered separately).
(5) Scientific research of geological parks
Scientific research is an important measure to improve the construction and management level of geological parks, which must be strengthened. Geoparks must make scientific research plans as required.
1. Principles of scientific research
The basic principle is to improve the research level of geological, cultural and biological resources in the park, improve the management and policy level of the geopark, and better realize the "three major tasks" of the geopark.
2. The basis of scientific research projects
Set up scientific research topics around resources, protection, scientific interpretation, creating scientific tourism products, improving tourism benefits, ensuring tourists' safety and sustainable development of parks.
This paper mainly puts forward the following research topics:
* The formation reasons of the main geological relics in the park and their representativeness in the global or national geological evolution.
* The formation and evolution law, aesthetic characteristics, classification and evaluation criteria of the main geological landforms in the park and the comparative study at home and abroad.
* Study the main cultural and biological landscape resources in the park.
* Scientific explanation research (including instructor training, geological museum, popular science cinema (film and television hall), explanation tablet, guide vocabulary compilation, scientific guide map compilation, popular science audio-visual book compilation, etc.). )
* Methods and measures for the protection of geological relics and ecological environment
* Transformation of scientific research achievements
* Building a digital geological park
:: Others
3. Planning requirements
Prepare long-term and short-term plans according to the planning years, list the research topics (3-5 years) and put forward the implementation action plan (including personnel and financial investment, etc.). ).
4. Allocation of scientific research human resources
Integrate existing research resources in all aspects, formulate cooperation plans with relevant research institutions, universities and experts at home and abroad, as well as the allocation plan of scientific and technological talents of the Geopark itself.
5. Research funding
The plan should put forward the main channels, main sources of funds and financing methods of scientific research projects. And strive for the financial support of the local government, and strive to enter the national scientific research plan or the international geological research cooperation project to get funding.
6. Publication, exchange and transformation of scientific research achievements
It is necessary to put forward the ways and means of publishing major scientific research achievements, put forward the requirements of transforming research achievements into the construction and management services of this park, formulate plans to participate in or organize academic exchange activities at home and abroad by using the achievements, and establish sister parks.
(6) popularization of science.
Carrying out popular science activities is one of the three major tasks in the creation of geological parks. The basic principle should be to popularize earth science knowledge and improve public scientific literacy. Each geological park should make a work plan for popular science.
1. Local popular science activities
Formulate plans to carry out local popular science education and environment-friendly education for primary and secondary school students, and organize special popular science activities such as spring and autumn garden, summer camp and winter camp for teenagers. Put forward a plan to establish a popular science education base for young people.
2. Teaching practice activities
Make plans for college students and scientific research institutions to write scientific research and teaching practice papers in the park and put forward action plans (3-5 years). Put forward the plan of establishing teaching practice and scientific research base in cooperation with scientific research institutions of relevant universities.
3. Special popular science activities for ordinary tourists
Aiming at the demand of ordinary tourists for special popular science activities, this paper analyzes the feasibility of tourists' composition and activity conditions, and makes an activity plan.
(7) Geopark information construction planning
Using modern science and technology to improve information construction is the basic requirement for the construction and management of geological parks. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of geological park database, monitoring system and network system. Geopark information construction should include the following contents:
* Install monitoring instruments in various scenic spots and key parts of the park, establish monitoring centers, strengthen the monitoring management of the park, ensure the safety of tourists, and timely discover geological relics destruction events, geological disasters and fire hazards;
* Establish the information network system of the whole park, including the mainframe, terminal, automatic information service desk, touch screen, electronic tour guide system, large screen, virtual reality system, face-to-face information service desk and other facilities of the information center. Implement information exchange, provide tourists with timely travel information and tour guides, guide tourists to visit and ease the flow of passengers;
* Establish a geopark website to communicate all aspects of information, with functions such as park and geological relics display, popular science education and geopark research platform, and remote ticketing and accommodation reservation service;
Through WebGIS technology, the geopark database, geopark website, geopark display system and geopark monitoring system are integrated together. Realize the functions of remote scientific research data collection, data retrieval and query, park network marketing and service.
(eight) the management system and talent planning of geological parks.
A sound management organization and an orderly management system are the guarantee for the construction and management of geoparks. When planning, we must do a good job in planning the management system of geological parks. The name, level, secondary organization setting, staffing and management functions of the geological park management organization should be clearly listed, and it should be based on the official approval of the higher level government in the park. If the park management agencies overlap with other management agencies (such as scenic spots, nature reserves and forest parks, etc.). ), we must establish a special department to manage the daily business of geological parks.
Geopark management talents and scientific and technological talents (especially geoscience professionals, the world geopark requires 5-8 people and the national geopark requires 3-5 people) are important guarantees for the construction and management of geoparks. The talent structure, equipment and training plan of the park must be included in the planning of the geological park. Geopark planning shall submit the following results:
(1) planning text
The planning text is the action guide and standard for implementing the planning of geological parks. The conclusion of geopark planning should be directly expressed in the form of laws and regulations, and what to do and how to do it should be stipulated, reflecting the guiding, mandatory and operability of the planning content.
See the Outline of National Geopark Planning (Annex 1) for the compilation requirements of the planning text.
(2) Planning description
Geopark planning specification is a brief description of the main principles, main contents, preparation process and preliminary review of the planning, which should include the following contents:
The main basis, principles and guiding ideology of 1. planning. The basic idea, main contents and characteristics of the plan are emphatically introduced.
2 planning process, planning research.
3 planning objectives, tasks, main indicators and main contents of the determination process and basis.
4. Contact with other related plans.
5. Planning review of provincial land and resources departments.
6. Solicit the opinions of relevant departments, local governments and experts, and coordinate the argumentation.
7. Other issues that need to be explained.
(3) Planning maps and compilation requirements
1. Main attached drawings
Location and traffic map of Geopark
Geological map of geological park
Actual data map of geopark park demarcation
Distribution map of geological relics and other natural and cultural resources
Geological relics protection planning map
Master plan of geological park
Functional zoning map of geological park (scenic spot)
Geopark land use planning map
Remote sensing image map of geological park
Scientific guide map of geological park
2. The scale principle of related maps should be selected according to the following requirements.
Small geological park: the area is less than ≤20km2, and the mapping scale is1/5000-110000.
Medium-sized Geopark: 20 blocks
Large Geopark: 100
Extra-large geological park: the area is more than 500km2, and the mapping scale is1/50000-110000.
3. Basic content compilation requirements of geological park planning map
(1) Location and traffic map of Geopark
Combining several maps with different scales (such as the whole country, provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government and cities), the location and approximate scope of the geopark in the whole country, provinces (autonomous regions and cities) are clearly displayed, and the road traffic map of the city where the park is located clearly shows the connecting roads from the nearest bus station, railway station, airport, wharf and downtown area to the gate of the geopark. If it is a world geopark, it should be marked with a map of the world.
(2) Geological Map of Geopark
Taking topographic map as the base map, it is compiled according to the requirements of geological map compilation at the corresponding scale.
(3) Actual data map of geopark demarcation
According to the size of the area, the topographic map with corresponding scale is selected according to the regulations, and the boundaries of all parks and parks are measured by measuring instruments or GPS, and the coordinates of important inflection points are numbered on the map. The coordinate data of measuring points are recorded and archived. This map is the basis for the government to approve the park area, and it is also the basis for calculating the park and park area with drawings.
(4) Distribution map of geological relics and other natural and human resources
It is a map of the current situation of resources. The main geological relics, geological attractions, water attractions, biological attractions and cultural attractions investigated are classified and graded, and different legends are marked on the corresponding scale map.
(5) geological relics protection plan
According to the classification of geological relics protection areas (such as super grade, first grade, second grade and third grade), they are distinguished by different colors. Important inflection points at the boundaries of super-first-class and first-class protected areas must be measured by GPS, numbered and marked on the map, and the data of measuring points should be recorded and archived.
(6) General Plan of Geopark
Including the planned geological parks, major scenic spots and important scenic spots, as well as the location, scope and trend of major tourism service facilities (gates, parking lots, landmark buildings, tourist centers, museums, key public toilets, restaurants and shopping places, observation decks, etc.). ), the main tourist routes or other transportation facilities in each park.
(7) Geological Park (Park) Functional Zoning Map
Divide the different functions of each park into different regions, and clarify the scope and boundaries of different functional areas (such as tourist service area, popular science education area, geological relics protection area, human landscape area, natural ecological area, park management area, residential area reservation area, etc.). ), and make a good connection with the overall land use planning to guide the next stage of park construction planning (detailed planning).
(8) Geological Park Land Planning Map
According to Schedule 3, the present land use situation and land use planning scheme in the Geopark will be compiled into a map.
(9) Geopark remote sensing image map
According to the requirements of the planning map scale accuracy, the map should be marked with words about the park scope and related features.
(10) Scientific Guide Map of Geopark
It is a self-help guide map for tourists to understand the main geological scenery of the park and arrange accommodation and transportation. Scientific guide map is a topographic map converted from remote sensing images, which intuitively shows the locations of major geological relics, geological landscapes, important cultural landscapes, scenic spots, museums, restaurants, accommodation, medical care and rescue places, and also shows the traffic routes and walking routes leading to these scenic spots or scenic spots. This painting should be designed as a folded page for tourists to carry.
4. Matters needing attention in drawing up the plan.
In view of the problems existing in the planning map of the National Geopark, the following precautions are put forward:
(1) Draw a column in the lower right corner of the drawing box. The column should indicate the planning name, drawing name, scale, name of the preparation unit, drawing number, preparation date and other information, and be signed by the person in charge of the planning project and the drafter when necessary.
(2) The compass and scale must be marked in the upper right corner of the drawing frame in the formal planning drawing.
(3) In the absence of a unified legend at present, for the convenience of use, it is suggested that all natural attractions and natural features use small circle legends, and all artificial facilities and buildings use small box legends.
(4) Special research report
The Special Research Report on National Geopark Planning provides a more accurate and detailed theoretical and practical analysis and demonstration basis for planning from the research perspective.
For compilation requirements, please refer to the Compilation Outline of National Geopark Planning Special Research Report (Annex 2).
(5) compilation of basic data
It is mainly the basic survey data, data collation, data statistics and important reference formed in the planning. The planning work is co-chaired by the local government of the Geopark and the provincial land and resources management department, and is carried out by entrustment or bidding.
Because the planning of geopark is a highly technical and comprehensive work, the unit undertaking the planning work must be familiar with the technical requirements of geopark planning and have practical experience in planning geopark. The members of the planning team must be composed of multi-disciplinary technical personnel, including technical personnel of relevant planning majors (urban planning, scenic area planning, engineering planning or land use planning, etc.). In addition to geological experts, professional and technical personnel in ecology, cultural relics protection, engineering construction and tourism planning are invited when necessary. The planning unit shall report the relevant work experience and achievements, personnel's professional and title composition, management system and other materials to the provincial land and resources management department for approval.
The planning of the National Geopark shall be reported to the Ministry of Land and Resources for approval after preliminary examination by the provincial land and resources management department, and shall be promulgated and implemented by the people's government at or above the county level where the National Geopark is located. 1. Outline of National Geopark Planning
2. Compilation Outline of National Geopark Planning Special Research Report
Attachment 1