Dehua's porcelain industry has been fired on a large scale and widely distributed in the past dynasties. It is really spectacular. From densely populated chengguan to remote mountain villages, from fields to dense forests, ancient porcelain pieces and ancient porcelain kiln sites can often be found. White and colorful porcelain fragments are scattered on the earth like stars, and inlaid on the earth like pieces of white jade, which embellishes the green mountains and villages more beautifully. There are 238 kiln sites found in the county from Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties to the Republic of China, and there are ancient kiln sites in 18 townships in the county. Among them, "Qudou Palace Dehua Kiln Site" (including kiln sites in Xunzhong, Longxun, Sanban and Gaide from Song Dynasty to Ming Dynasty) was announced by the State Council as the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units on 1988. Dehua began to produce and use ceramics as early as the late Neolithic primitive society. By the late Tang Dynasty, the porcelain-making industry of Dehua Class 3 and Sibin had begun to develop. Ceramic monographs "Ceramic Law" and "Drawing Meiling Map" appeared in the late Tang and Five Dynasties.

Song and Yuan Dynasties

With the development of overseas trade of commercial system engineering in Quanzhou Port, Dehua porcelain is exported to overseas and has become an important commodity of "Maritime Silk Porcelain Road". During the Northern Song Dynasty, Dehua Kiln, represented by Wanbanglun Kiln, had the technology of making, molding and connecting tires with color wheel. Longyao fired a large number of celadon, celadon and white porcelain, mainly bowls, plates, cups, saucers, bottles, cans, pots, boxes, washings and vases, and a small number of black glazed tea bowls. The decorative methods are mainly carving, scribing and printing. The surface of porcelain is decorated with lotus petals, peony, cloud water, banana leaves, bouquets, and decorative patterns such as bamboo, chrysanthemum petals, sunflower patterns, wheat ears, and rolling grass. These products appear in Japan, Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and other places. By the Southern Song Dynasty, the firing technology of porcelain kiln had developed rapidly, and the white porcelain fired had a large volume, thin carcass, moist glaze color, high whiteness and strong transparency, reaching a high level. At the end of Song Dynasty and the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, Dehua porcelain kiln was greatly improved, and a kind of "chicken cage kiln" appeared, which was between the dragon kiln and the ban kiln, and it was easy to control the burning flame. Since the Song Dynasty, the old reduction sintering technology has entered the stage of adopting the new oxidation sintering technology. 1976 excavated Song and Yuan kiln site of Qudu Palace, with a slope of 57. 1m, * * * with 17 kiln mouths, more than 800 unearthed production tools and 6790 samples of finished porcelain and residual porcelain. The discovery of this kiln, especially the excavation of a large number of exported porcelain, is of great significance to the study of the firing scale, firing technology, kiln development, social economy, material and cultural development, economic and cultural exchanges and trade exchanges between China and foreign countries, and also fills the gap in Dehua Dragon Kiln.

Deming

Dehua porcelain industry has entered a new development period. The comprehensive development level in the aspects of object modeling, firing technology, product quality, production varieties, technology level and decorative art is far above that of Song and Yuan Dynasties. Porcelain sculptures represented by He Chaozong are world-famous, and are known as "Oriental art" and "treasures on earth". The unique "ivory white" (simple white porcelain) is known as the representative of China white porcelain and enjoys the reputation of "China white" and "the pearl of international porcelain". In particular, the porcelain carvings of Taoist and Buddhist figures have realistic shapes, elegant styles and unique artistic charm, reaching the peak of Dehua kiln's ancient technological achievements. In the Ming dynasty, Dehua kiln also had new innovations. At first, semi-inverted-flame kilns appeared in the whole country, which burned a lot, saved fuel and controlled the burning flame easily. This kind of kiln spread abroad, which had a great influence on the progress of international porcelain kilns. In the Qing Dynasty, Dehua underglaze blue-and-white porcelain competed with each other, and blue-and-white porcelain replaced Bai Jian's main position. There are many kinds of blue and white flowers, and the contents of pattern painting are extensive, including historical stories, figures and ladies, production activities, social customs, animals and flowers, landscapes and religious decorations. The picture is bright, quiet and elegant, the brushwork is simple and rough, the composition is simple and stretched, and it is full of life breath, showing the color of folk kiln or the beautiful and elegant or rich and gorgeous network, which has created a new era of Dehua kiln colored porcelain. Its popularity abroad is no less than that of colorful porcelain daily utensils and furnishings emerging in the Qing Dynasty.

After the late Qing dynasty

With the decline of the feudal dynasty and the invasion of foreign enemies, China's urban and rural economy suffered serious damage, and Dehua porcelain industry declined. However, a few folk artists, such as Su and Xu Youyi, insisted on making porcelain, inherited the tradition and pioneered and innovated in difficult times, and their works were still highly praised. 19 15 years, Su first molded porcelain plum blossom and won the first prize of Panama World Expo. Later, Xu Youyi's porcelain sculptures such as Mulan Joining the Army, Guan Gong and Guanyin won gold medals at international and domestic fairs held in Britain, Japan and Nanjing respectively. 1930, Xu Youyi's porcelain sculpture "Five Hundred Arhats" was specially built for Longji Temple in Xianyou, with different shapes and vivid movements, and it was also the first treasure in China porcelain altar.

After the founding of new China

Dehua porcelain industry has been reborn. Especially since the reform and opening up, the porcelain industry in this county has entered a new development period. 1999 There are more than 80,000 ceramic enterprises in the county, and three ceramic product systems, namely traditional porcelain carving, western industrial porcelain and daily-use porcelain, have been initially formed. A number of famous ceramic enterprises have also emerged, such as Mei Jia Group, Guanfu Group and Shunmei Group. This has also led many large enterprises to set up branches in the United States, Germany, Britain and other countries. During the period of 1993, Chairman Li Peng wrote the inscription "Dehua Famous Porcelain, Pearl of China", which highly summarized the influence and position of Dehua Ceramics in China. 1March, 1996, Dehua county was named "the hometown of ceramics in China" by the rural development research department of the State Council Development Research Center and other units. Since the reform and opening up, Dehua people have given full play to the four advantages of mountains, water, mines and porcelain, vigorously implemented the development strategy of Daguan, and successfully embarked on a road of economic development in mountainous areas. The county's national economy has developed rapidly and healthily, and social undertakings have made all-round progress. After 1996 was named "the hometown of China ceramics" by the State Council Development Research Center, it was named "China folk ceramics" in 2003. Now it has formed a ceramic county with porcelain carving as the main part and tea sets and tableware as the main part. Now Dehua porcelain sculptures are famous all over the world, and the output of Dehua tea sets accounts for about 70% of the country, which has played a powerful role in promoting tea culture in China. China Fujian Provincial Committee Revolutionary Former Site

The former revolutionary site of Fujian Provincial Committee is located in Kunban Village, Shuikou Town. 1943, when the Kuomintang die-hards wantonly "encircled" the revolutionary base areas, the Fujian Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China moved from northern Fujian to central Fujian in order to conceal its strength. 65438+ In February of the same year, Lin Dafan, secretary of the Central Fujian Working Committee, led more than 20 guerrillas to Maocuo and Sakhalin Island. 1944 from the end of the month to February, the guerrillas of the provincial party Committee came to cherry blossoms one after another. 18 bamboo shed and two playgrounds were built on the dog-shaped mountain in Banli Niuliaokeng. After the provincial party committee moved to Sakhalin Island, it set up several strongholds in Daxi, Yongchun and Ba Du in Nan 'an, Dehua, linking the bases of northern Fujian, northeastern Fujian, Fuzhou, Yongtai, Datian, Puxian and Jinnan Association in central Fujian. During this period, Banli Village once became the center of revolutionary activities in the whole province. The provincial party committee held a provincial party committee meeting here to study the rectification documents. The provincial party committee founded the publication "tenacious struggle". Counterfeit money seized by guerrilla raids on Hanjiang Bank of Communications in Putian County was also taken to Sakhalin by the provincial party committee and sent to underground party organizations in northern Fujian, northeastern Fujian and Fuzhou. I also contacted the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China by radio once here. And organize the people in Maocuo and Banli villages to resist taxes. Provincial organs lived in Sakakou for four months,1June, 944, and moved to Xianyou East Lake in three batches.

Qishan Tang revolution former site

The former site of Qishan Hall Revolution is located in Maocuo Village, Shuikou Town. 194 1 winter solstice 1949, the underground party in central Fujian launched a revolutionary struggle, and Qishan Hall was one of the revolutionary strongholds in Maocuo area. 1945 From May to February of 65438+, guerrillas led by the Fujian Special Committee of the Central Committee and the Central Command were stationed here, and a mass meeting was held in Qishan Hall on July 1 of the same year to commemorate the 24th anniversary of the founding of the Party, and a mass meeting was held here in September to celebrate War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory. 1March, 949, China * * * Xiande Working Committee set up a command center in Qishan Hall to carry out the activities of "raising money with guns and arming the armed forces". Later, due to the needs of revolutionary work, the Yongde County People's Guerrilla and the leader of the Yongde County People's Guerrilla General Command were established. During the guerrilla struggle in the border area of Yongde County, a command organization was set up in Qishan Hall. Nature reserve is an important biodiversity gene bank, water conservation area, ecological security barrier and rare wild animals and plants in Fujian Province.

Biosafety Island is one of the protected areas with rich biodiversity per unit area in China. 1985 was established with a total area of 13472.4 hectares and a forest coverage rate of 93.4%. It is one of the earliest nature reserves established in Fujian Province. There are rare, endangered or endemic plant species in the nature reserve * *115. The wild plants under national first-class protection include Pinus tabulaeformis, Taxus mairei, Ginkgo biloba, national second-class protection plants 17, and 27 species under provincial protection. There are three kinds of national first-class wild protected animals: clouded leopard, yellow-bellied pheasant and python. There are 36 species of national second-class wild protected animals, such as white-bellied Shan Ying, tiger frog and silver pheasant. In 2004, it was appraised by the National Nature Reserve Evaluation Committee and upgraded to "National Nature Reserve". Its main protection object is the typical mountain forest ecosystem along the southeast coast, focusing on the protection of endangered animal and plant species such as Huangshan pine forest, important insects and orchid plant resources, which are the southernmost, largest and best preserved in Chinese mainland. The agricultural creative park in Yunlong Valley Scenic Area, a national treasure, was originally a barren land. After more than a year of continuous improvement in planning and design, it has become an agricultural creative park integrating agricultural sightseeing, popular science propaganda and flower seedling cultivation base. Yunlong Valley Agricultural Creative Park covers an area of 50 mu, with lavender, perilla, rosemary, mint and other 13 kinds of medicinal materials planted in the medicinal materials planting area.