At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, a large number of Taoist organizations appeared, including Taiping Dao and Wudoumi Dao. Zhang Daoling, the ancestor of Shi Tian, officially founded the Youth League, with a history of 1800 years. Taoism is a polytheistic worship, and worshipping immortals personifies Taoism's belief in "Tao".
Taoist priests are Taoist priests, and there are more than 30,000 Taoist priests in China. Temples are places for Taoist activities, and there are more than 2,000 registered temples in China.
Taoism, which originated in ancient China during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, is a primitive religious form of polytheism. Its main purpose is to pursue immortality, achieve immortality, and help the world and save people.
It occupies an important position in China's ancient traditional culture and develops actively in the modern world. Although Taoism has been one of hundred schools of thought since the Warring States Period, it deified the former moral philosophers.
Cults didn't appear until the end of the Han Dynasty, and Shi Tian of Yizhou (now Sichuan) addressed Lao Zi as a gentleman. By the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the religious form of Taoism was gradually improved. Laozi Li Er (the Grandfather) was the ancestor of the Tang Dynasty, and in the Tang Dynasty he was honored as the sage of Yuanque Avenue and the Emperor Xuanyuan.
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Laozi, the Taoist ancestor of the Yellow Emperor, regarded "Tao" as the ontology of the universe and the law of all things, a mysterious existence beyond time and space, and established a theoretical system of Taoist theology based on "Tao"; The mysticism of Laozi and Zhuangzi and the thought of keeping in good health constitute the core belief of Taoism. Paying attention to the cultivation of health preservation, the monastic methods proposed by Laozi and Zhuangzi, such as quietness, simplicity, forgetfulness and first class, have been inherited and carried forward by believers.
In the mid-Warring States period, Taoism of Huang and Lao prevailed in the State of Qi, and Huangdi and Laozi were highly respected. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, the rulers respected Huang Lao's learning and ruled by doing nothing, which created a prosperous era of "governance of cultural scenery". After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the theory of Huang Lao went deep into the people, merged with Fang to form Huang, and changed from political belief to religious group.
Confucius and Mencius' Confucianism and Taoism are compatible, which constitutes the main body of religious ethics; Mohism's ideas and contents of respecting ghosts and gods, friendship and mutual assistance, and scientific and technological methods are covered by Taoism; The Book of Changes is the basic classic of Taoism, and the thought of the Book of Changes permeates theological philosophy, Zuo Fu Dan Dao and Zhai Jie Yi Ke. Zou Yan's theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements is also an important part of Taoism. ?
The Taiping Jing of Huang Lao Taoism in Han Dynasty preached that heaven and earth should be gasified, heaven and man should be integrated, heaven should bear heavy burdens, and happiness should be good, with the goal of "peaceful world". The Book of Changes, written by Wei Boyang, a Taoist of Dante in the Eastern Han Dynasty, combines Yi-ology, Huang-Lao and Huo-Hou, and sums up and develops Taoist alchemy for health preservation.
In the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Wendi and Emperor Jingdi (179- 14 1) ruled the world with the theory of "governing by doing nothing", cultivated their self-cultivation, enjoyed themselves with the people, and tried their best not to interfere with various social production activities and the lives of ordinary people and let them develop naturally.
As a result, a political theory based on the Taoist thoughts of Huang and Lao came into being, which is internationally known as "the rule of man over the south", and historians call this period "the rule of cultural scenery". Therefore, the study of Huang Lao is in the ascendant.
Huang Lao Xue originated from Qi in the middle of the Warring States Period. In addition to the above-mentioned "technique of Nanjun", there are also the thoughts of Yin-Yang and Five Elements and immortal thoughts.
After Emperor Gaozu Liu Che succeeded to the throne, he ousted hundreds of schools, worshiped Confucianism and believed in immortals. At this time, the alchemists even echoed the immortal theory with the Yellow Emperor, and began to combine the immortal theory with the Huang Lao theory, saying that all immortals used the name of the Yellow Emperor.
In the fourth year of Ding Yuan, Liang Wudi (1 13), the alchemist got a treasure tripod in the soil and gave it to the emperor. It is said that the Yellow Emperor also got a treasure tripod that year, which was widely used for worshipping Zen and often met with God. Some people say that the Yellow Emperor is a man waiting for God on the 12th floor of five cities. It is also said that the Yellow Emperor fights to learn from immortals, then fights with divine power, and finally rides a dragon to heaven.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was very envious after hearing this and sighed, "Wow! Just like the Yellow Emperor, I treat my wife like a deaf ear! " (Zi Tongzhi Ji Twelve) At this time, emperors and courtiers had already regarded the Yellow Emperor as a god.
In the Eastern Han Dynasty, people not only continued to admire the Yellow Emperor, but also respected Laozi. According to the Book of Chu in the Later Han Dynasty, "Yingxi Festival favors Huang Lao, learns to be a pagoda (Buddha), and fastes and sacrifices." In the eighth year of Han Yongping (AD 65), he wrote a letter to Wang Ying of the State of Chu, which said: "The king of Chu read Huang Lao's whispers, worshiped the Buddhist pagoda, and swore an oath to God in March."
Yongping (58-75) and Yuanhe (84-86), who were the prefect of Yizhou, praised in the Monument to the Virgin of Laozi: "Laozi, Tao, was born before the invisible, began before the beginning, and walked in the yuan, floating in the six vacuities, entering and leaving the nether world, and seeing the turbid without judging." At this point, I have been honored as the embodiment of Tao.
By the time of Emperor Huan in the Eastern Han Dynasty (147— 167), the combination of immortalism and Huanglao learning formally formed the road of Huanglao. "The Biography of Wang Huan in the Later Han Dynasty" records: "Now, Emperor Huan is in the palm of his hand, which means destroying the house." The following year, I also "worshipped Laozi in the dragon (palace), set up a canopy, and used suburban music." At this time, Lao Tzu has become a lofty and supreme god.
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